广东省矿山越界开采遥感调查与监测研究

根据越界开采定义,提出矿山越界开采技术方法和技术路线。通过开展2012年度广东省矿山越界开采遥感调查,获取较为真实的矿山越界开采最新状况,且根据近三年广东省矿山越界开采遥感动态监测所获得的数据,得出矿山越界开采,呈日益严重的趋势。通过遥感调查与监测,指出广东省矿山越界开采存在的主要问题,并提出有益的建议和对策,希望遥感能够作为技术支撑更好地为矿政管理服务。     

生态文明视角下的湖北省东部矿山地质环境遥感调查与分析

人类活动是加剧矿山地质环境演化的“催化剂”。矿产资源开采对环境的破坏具有必然性、综合性,对环境的影响有链式放大效应和滞后效应。从项目需求出发,利用遥感技术对湖北省东部矿山开发占地、矿山地质灾害和矿山地质环境恢复治理进行了遥感调查,查明了2013年湖北省东部矿山开发总占地面积为7339.29hm²,2014年较2013年总占地面积增加了1065.44hm²。矿山地质灾害61处,矿山塌陷地质灾害分布具有地理空间差异性,主要分布在鄂城、铁山、金山店、灵乡、殷祖和阳新６大岩体边缘地带。从生态文明建设的角度看,迫切要求人们树立“绿水青山也是金山银山”的理念,转变发展思路,保护好矿山地质环境。遥感调查结果表明：矿山地质环境治理及矿山复绿工程执行时存在区域不平衡性;武汉市、黄石市矿山地质环境的恢复治理与矿山复绿的强度、速度明显高于其他地区,且其近城区的矿区治理力度大、复绿效果好。     

广东省矿山开采占地情况遥感监测与综合研究

本文根据矿山占地遥感监测技术方法,开展2014年度广东省矿山开采占地情况遥感监测,获取广东省矿山占地最新基础数据。通过研究矿山占地总体情况,统计矿山占地分矿种、分市县情况,系统总结了广东省矿山占地总体特征,研究不同矿山地物类型、不同矿种矿山分布规律,并提出主要存在问题和有益的建议,为综合整治矿区环境提供决策依据。     

青海木里煤矿区荒漠化的驱动因素及防治对策简

使用多期、多源遥感影像数据,选择青海省木里煤矿区开展了荒漠化遥感监测及变化趋势与采矿相关性分析研究。根据多期高分辨率遥感影像提取了矿业活动区信息。采用多期TM遥感影像,分别利用光谱混合像元分解和生物量遥感估算模型方法,提取了多期土地荒漠化信息。对采矿扰动下荒漠化驱动因素分析结果表明:矿业活动区内开采面、矿山占地增长驱动了荒漠化,矿山关停、复绿治理则扼制并减轻了荒漠化;矿业活动区外荒漠化主要受人类活动、道路修建、保护治理政策等因素影响。根据研究结果,提出了矿区荒漠化防治对策。     

江西省地质灾害和矿山复绿数据库设计

为实现数据的统一集中存储及资料的互通互联,在对江西省地质灾害数据研究现状进行分析的基础上,从数据共享的角度提出建立江西省地质灾害和矿山复绿数据库。论文从数据库的概念设计、逻辑设计和物理设计等方面详细介绍了江西省地质灾害和矿山复绿数据的设计和建设过程。在概念设计阶段对地质灾害的基本E-R图进行设计;逻辑设计中对地质灾害和矿山复绿信息编码、空间数据库的结构和业务数据库逻辑结构进行了详细的讨论;物理结构设计对数据库表结构进行了介绍。最后介绍了部分地质灾害数据的管理功能。     

皖北露天闭坑矿山地质环境治理工作实践 ——以萧县某水泥用石灰岩矿为例

通过介绍萧县某水泥用石灰岩矿闭坑矿山的地质环境背景条件及开采现状情况,针对矿山开采引发的地质环境问题,提出治理工程方案(SNS主动防护网技术、应力锚杆+横梁技术、高次团粒喷播复绿技术),实施工程治理后,取得较好治理效果,达到矿山地质环境治理、修复矿区生态环境目的,为同类型矿山地质环境治理提供参考.     

矿山公园实例、特征及建设意义探讨

随着我国枯竭矿山的不断增多,针对废弃矿山和中晚期矿山的生态环境恢复治理,提出建设国家级矿山公园。解决矿山废墟带来的环境恶化,体现了矿山公园的核心价值,是矿山复垦、复绿浩大工程的一部分。它具有循环经济模式的特点,即矿山生产的周期完结后,投入旅游产业经济循环中,为社会提供的新的旅游资源;矿山公园也为保护矿业遗迹和地质遗迹提供可能。     

矿山环境治理过程中资金运作模式探索与实践

矿山环境治理恢复基金制度之所以取代矿山地质环境治理恢复保证金制度,目的之一是通过基金的合理运营,为矿山环境治理提供长效稳定的资金保障。通过对矿山地质环境治理恢复保证金制度中的资金问题进行剖析,从基金来源、基金运营、基金投入三个方面提出矿山环境治理过程中新的商业运作模式,并从市场化角度对社会资本进入矿山复绿和综合利用进行了探索,以期对矿山环境治理恢复基金制度的建立提供一定的指导和参考。     

遥感技术在矿山地质环境调查中的应用

本文介绍了遥感技术在矿山地质环境调查中的应用和取得的成果，叙述了遥感解译的内容、技术方法和工作流程，提出了应用遥感方法评价矿山地质环境的思路并指出了其技术优势及存在的问题。     

锚杆连梁技术在高陡岩质边坡支护与生态修复中的应用——以安徽省萧县露采边坡支护与复绿工程为例

矿山露天开采常常形成高陡岩质边坡,受岩体结构面的组合影响,局部地段容易形成危岩体,影响坡体稳定性,而对于高陡边坡难以实施常规生态修复措施,在场地条件受到限制时又不能采用削坡方式放缓坡度。为解决这一技术难题,笔者在萧县牛头山矿山地质环境治理高陡边坡支护和生态修复工程中采取了“锚杆连梁技术”辅助复绿,在对危岩治理的同时,也为喷播复绿奠定了基础,有效地解决了这类崩滑地质灾害和生态修复问题,取得了较好的效果。该方法可为同类工程提供借鉴。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861