蛇纹石化和俯冲带蛇纹岩变质脱水过程中流体活动性元素的行为

蛇纹石是大洋岩石圈和俯冲带内水和流体活动性元素最重要的载体之一。研究蛇纹石化和蛇纹岩变质脱水过程中流体活动性元素的行为是认识俯冲带元素地球化学循环的关键。蛇纹岩是指主要由蛇纹石类矿物构成的岩石,包括利蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石。蛇纹石化过程中会造成流体活动性元素(B、Li、As、Sb、Pb、Cs、U、Sr和Ba等)的显著富集,并且由于原岩性质、流体成分和氧逸度等条件的不同,大洋岩石圈蛇纹岩和弧前蛇纹岩的特征也略有不同。例如,弧前蛇纹岩具有相对高的As、Sb、B和相对低的U,这反映了俯冲沉积物来源流体的贡献。在俯冲带蛇纹岩的变质脱水过程中,利蛇纹石向叶蛇纹石的转变伴随着矿物内超过50%F和Cl的释放,以及一些流体活动性元素(如B和Li)的迁出;此外,蛇纹石分解形成的变质橄榄石中的流体包裹体指示,蛇纹石脱水分解所产生的流体具有高于原始地幔几个数量级的Cl、Cs、Pb、As、Sb、Ba、Rb、B、Sr、Li和U含量。由于利蛇纹石中的Fe~(3+)含量较叶蛇纹石高,这种矿物相转变过程中也伴随着俯冲通道内的一系列氧化还原过程,从而影响流体性质和新形成的叶蛇纹石的成分。蛇纹岩与岛弧岩浆在流体活动性元素富集规律上的相似性说明蛇纹岩在俯冲带元素循环中扮演着重要的角色。此外,蛇纹石矿物相转变过程中F、Cl、B等元素的释放,可能对于斑岩型金矿、蛇绿岩中的金矿和某些蛇纹岩作为赋矿围岩的硼矿的形成起到重要的作用。     

地幔流体的稳定同位素地球化学综述

总结了２０年来国内外学者对地幔流体研究的成果和认识。主要包括地幔流体的性质和组成;地幔流体中同位素的含量、组成和赋存形式;同位素分馏和地幔脱气等作用对地幔组分的影响等。在不同地区和不同构造环境条件的地幔流体中,各种组分含量和同位素组成变化可经很大,从一个侧面指示地幔组分的不均一性,反映了不同地幔物质的形式历程不同或来自不同的地幔源区。此外,还讨论了目前存在的几个疑点。     

内蒙古乌奴格吐山大型铜钼矿床成矿流体来源及演化: 流体包裹体及氢氧同位素地球化学证据

内蒙古乌奴格吐山大型铜钼矿床位于得尔布干成矿带西南段。矿体产于燕山早期二长花岗斑岩、流纹斑岩等构成的火山通道相与外围黑云母花岗岩接触带内外。矿床从中心向外发育典型的热液蚀变分带: 钾化带、绢英岩化带和伊利石—水白云母化带。根据矿物组合不同,将热液成矿期分为早、中、晚3 个阶段,其矿物组合分别为石英+钾长石+黄铁矿±辉钼矿、石英+绢云母+ 黄铜矿± 辉钼矿+黄铁矿、石英+碳酸盐矿物+黄铁矿±闪锌矿。流体包裹体研究表明,乌山斑岩铜钼矿床发育L 型富液相包裹体、V 型富气相包裹体、S 型含子矿物多相包裹体以及PG 型纯气相包裹体。激光拉曼探针分析表明,石英斑晶和早阶段石英内水溶液包裹体除H2O 外,多数含CO2,少数还含有 CH4,C4H6 等,含子矿物多相包裹体中子矿物主要有赤铁矿和黄铜矿; 中阶段石英内只有少量V 型包裹体含CO2,多数只有H2O,S 型包裹体中子矿物有黄铜矿和黄铁矿,不再含有赤铁矿; 而晚阶段石英内包裹体只含H2O。成矿流体由H2O--CO2 --NaCl 体系逐渐演化为H2O--NaCl 体系。成矿早、中、晚3 个阶段均一温度分别集中在340℃ ～ 460℃,240℃ ～ 360℃和120℃ ～ 240℃; 盐度变化范围分别为 5. 32 ～ 53. 26 wt% NaCl. eqv,1. 65 ～ 41. 58 wt% NaCl. eqv 和0. 66 ～ 14. 05 wt% NaCl. eqv。初始流体是直接从浅部结晶冷凝的岩浆熔体中出熔的高温、高盐度和高氧逸度的成矿流体。富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体和含矿物的多相包裹体普遍共生,流体的沸腾可能是早期金属硫化物大量沉淀的重要机制。结合氢、氧同位素研究,认为中--晚阶段天水的混入导致的流体混合及降温作用在成矿过程中也发挥了重要作用。     

全球不同构造环境蛇纹岩全岩和矿物微量元素组成及非传统稳定同位素(Fe-Zn-Cu同位素)特征

蛇纹岩对地球深部和浅部的元素循环以及氧化还原状态调节具有非常重要的作用。蛇纹岩中的流体活动性元素(fluid-mobile element, FME)是揭示地幔岩石水化、脱水以及元素循环的关键。本文系统收集和分析了前人报道的不同构造环境的蛇纹岩矿物化学、全岩微量元素和非传统稳定同位素(Fe、Zn、Cu)的组成特征,试图从多个角度总结蛇纹岩脱水过程的元素迁移规律及流体性质。蛇纹岩主要矿物蛇纹石微量元素含量具有以下主要特征：(1)不同变质程度的蛇纹岩中的蛇纹石既包含轻稀土元素(light rare earth element, LREE)富集,又包含LREE亏损的特征;(2)纤蛇纹石的REE和微量元素分布在利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的范围内,利蛇纹石重稀土元素(heavy rare earth element, HREE)整体上略高于叶蛇纹石且更加富集FME;(3)通过中度不相容元素与REE含量相结合,能够较好地区分橄榄石和辉石蛇纹石化所形成的蛇纹石,即辉石形成的蛇纹石富集相容元素(如Sc、Zn、Cr、Y和Ti等)并具有较高的HREE,而橄榄石形成的蛇纹石则表现为平坦且整体较低的REE分布型式。在...     

内蒙古哈达门沟金矿成矿流体来源的氦、氩同位素示踪

内蒙古包头市哈达门沟金矿床是华北陆块北缘乌拉山-大青山地区的大型金矿床,矿床赋存于新太古界乌拉山群黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、角闪黑云二长片麻岩和含石榴石黑云斜长片麻岩中,成矿流体性质不明。文章对哈达门沟金矿主要载金矿物黄铁矿开展了流体包裹体中的He、Ar同位素组成研究。研究表明,赋存于黄铁矿流体包裹体中的4He含量为(83.92~606.46)×10-8cm3STP/g,n(3He)/n(4He)值为0.19~0.91Ra,幔源He的含量为2.62%~13.73%,平均为9.95%,表明成矿流体中的He主要来源于地壳,大约10%来源于地幔。~(40)Ar含量为(71.22~308.22)×10~(-8)cm~3STP/g,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值变化于2793.6~7253.5之间,在n(~(40)Ar)/n(~(36)Ar)与R/Ra图解和n(~(40)Ar*)/n(4He)与R/Ra图解中,显示地壳氩和地幔氩的混合来源特征。结合已有的氢、氧、硫同位素研究,认为哈达门沟金矿成矿流体主体为地壳来源,但幔源流体的加入清晰可辨,乌拉特前旗-呼和浩特山前断裂很可能为富钾质壳幔混合流体的运移提供了通道和动力。     

变质流体作用的元素地球化学研究

变质流体作用是变质岩－流体体系的重要地质作用过程，可以通过有效的地质地球化学方法揭示，综述了变质流体作用的地球化学研究进展，主要包括：流体包裹体，同位素和元素地球化学等方面，强调了元素地球化学研究对于示踪变质流体作用过程的重要性。     

成矿流体氦、氩同位素地球化学

成矿流体氦、氩同位素地球化学胡瑞忠（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词地壳现代流体成矿流体氦、氩同位素近年的研究表明，在许多大陆地热体系和古代成矿流体中，尽管氢、氧同位素显示其中的水具有大气成因的特点，但其他证据显示其中的气体组分（如...     

俯冲带蛇纹岩变质脱水过程中的Mg、Fe同位素分馏行为:进展与展望

蛇纹岩在俯冲带地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用.蛇纹岩是俯冲带中极富Mg和Fe的矿物,其变质脱水释放的流体含有显著量的Mg和Fe,对俯冲带中Mg、Fe元素的循环及其同位素的分馏行为起着重要作用.蛇纹岩脱水过程中的Mg、Fe同位素分馏特征与不同温度、压力条件下蛇纹岩体系的矿物组合、释放流体的氧化还原状态、流体中Mg、Fe的价态和种型等密切相关.本文在总结俯冲带蛇纹岩的产出特征、稳定性和主要脱水反应的基础上,系统评述了俯冲带蛇纹岩在变质脱水过程中Mg、Fe同位素分馏行为的研究现状和存在的关键科学问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中发现金刚石等深部地幔矿物

前人报道在西藏中生代和俄罗斯极地乌拉尔早古生代蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩铬铁矿中发现了金刚石等深部地幔矿物,认为需重新考虑铬铁矿浅部成因的传统认识。为了查明不同造山带蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中金刚石等深部矿物的分布规律和豆荚状铬铁矿的成因,笔者开展了内蒙古贺根山晚古生代蛇绿岩中的铬铁矿床的人工重砂矿物学研究,本研究获得约2000 kg的内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩铬铁矿石样品,对所采样品开展人工重砂选矿,表明该铬铁矿矿石样品中至少有金刚石、碳硅石及其他自然元素类、金属互化物类、氧化物类、硫化物类、硅酸盐类等30余种矿物。内蒙—大兴安岭造山带晚古生代的内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩带铬铁矿石中,发现金刚石等深部地幔矿物表明,贺根山铬铁矿可能为深部成因。     

The Discovery of Diamonds in Chromitites of the Hegenshan Ophiolite, Inner Mongolia, China

Diamond,moissanite and a variety of other minerals,similar to those reported from ophiolites in Tibet and northern Russia,have recently been discovered in chromitites of the Hegenshan ophiolite of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,north China. The chromitites are small,podiform and vein-like bodies hosted in dunite,clinopyroxene-bearing peridotite,troctolite and gabbro. All of the analysed chromite grains are relatively Al-rich,with Cr# [100Cr/(Cr+Al)] of about 47–53. Preliminary studies of mainly disseminated chromitite from ore body No. 3756 have identified more than 30 mineral species in addition to diamond and moissanite. These include oxides(mostly hematite,magnetite,rutile,anatase,cassiterite,and quartz),sulfides(pyrite,marcasite and others),silicates(magnesian olivine,enstatite,augite,diopside,uvarovite,pyrope,orthoclase,zircon,sphene,vesuvianite,chlorite and serpentine) and others(e.g.,calcite,monazite,glauberite,iowaite and a range of metallic alloys). This study demonstrates that diamond,moissanite and other exotic minerals can occur in high-Al,as well as high-Cr chromites,and significantly extends the geographic and age range of known diamond-bearing ophiolites.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.     

内蒙古夏尔楚鲁金矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及成矿事件

本文为查明内蒙古四子王旗夏尔楚鲁金矿床的形成时间,对金矿体中发育辉钼矿的5件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析,所获同位素等时线年龄为263.8±4.4Ma,其MSWD值为1.3.即矿体的形成时间为早二叠世,属海西期构造—岩浆作用及相关流体活动的产物.辉钼矿样品中的铼含量较低,为1.153×10-6～2.740× 10-6,平均为1.622×10-6,这说明成矿过程可能与地壳重熔的S型花岗岩岩浆活动或地壳流体有关.鉴于辉钼矿呈浸染状和团块状分布于黑云母花岗岩中,并且与石英和钾长石呈共生结构关系,可以推测夏尔楚鲁金矿床和黑云母花岗岩的形成时间均为早二叠世,属海西期构造—岩浆活动的产物.     

Nd and Sr Isotope Constraints on the Age and Origin of Proterozoic Meta mafic Volcanic Rocks in the Bainaimiao Wenduermiao District, South central Inner Mongolia, China

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内蒙古小东沟斑岩型钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及地质意义

为了进一步查明小东沟斑岩型钼矿床的形成时间,对主要钼矿体6件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析,所获同位素等时线年龄为135.5±1.5Ma(2σ),其MSWD值为1.4。鉴于辉钼矿呈浸染状和团块状分布于斑状花岗岩株中,并且与石英和钾长石呈共生结构关系,可以推测小东沟地区钼矿床和斑状花岗岩株的形成时间均为早白垩纪,属燕山期构造-岩浆活动的产物。     

内蒙古太平沟斑岩型钼矿床Re-Os等时线年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古太平沟钼矿床位于中国著名的大兴安岭成矿带北缘,属于环太平洋成矿域和古亚洲洋成矿域的叠加部位。通过对内蒙古太平沟斑岩型钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测定,获得等时线年龄为(130.1±1.3)M a,属于燕山成矿时期。太平沟斑岩型钼矿床是中国东部晚中生代岩浆活动的产物,其成矿动力学背景为中国东部岩石圈处于拉伸减薄的环境。太平沟斑岩型钼矿床的Re含量为(9.9±0.085)×10-6~(69.185±0.616)×10-6,相当于壳幔混合源岩浆矿床辉钼矿中的Re含量,说明成矿物质为深部壳幔混合来源。     

Indium Enrichment in the Meng'entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract. The Meng'entaolegai In-rich Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. It is one of the In-richest deposits in China. Large amounts of quartz and sulfide minerals constitute a hydrothermal quartz-sulfide vein deposit within a Hercynian acidic granite massif, which occupies an area of about 400 km². Thirty-six orebodies, controlled strictly by the E-W trend faults, are found in the orefield of 6 km in length from east to west and 200 to 1,000 m in width from south to north. The ore minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite and pyrite, and subordinate chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite and stannite with many Ag-minerals. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, sericite and chlorite. Economic components of the deposit are dominated by Pb andZn (reserves of Pb and Zn are 0.17 Mt and 0.37 Mt, and their grades are 1 % and 2.3 %, respectively), with Ag, Sn, In and Cd (1,800 t Ag, >2,000 t Sn, >500 t In and 1,800 t Cd) as by-products. Indium is highly enriched in ores and its contents are 9 to 295 ppm in ores and 85 to 2,660 ppm in sphalerite. Analytical results show that the ore-forming fluid of this deposit contains 0.8–3.5 ppm In and 4–36 ppm Sn, and the two elements show a very good positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.8672, while the correlation between In and Zn in the ore-forming fluids, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5723, is not as good as that between In and Sn. This indicates that indium has an affinity with tin in the ore-forming fluids. The authors think that this is probably the main reason why those In-rich deposits spread over the world are simultaneously enriched in tin.     

Geochemical constraints on the origin of the Hegenshan Ophiolite,Inner Mongolia,China

The Hegenshan ophiolite in Inner Mongolia is a remnant of oceanic lithosphere of probable Devonian age. The ophiolite consists of several blocks composed chiefly of serpentinized ultramafic rocks with lesser amounts of troctolite and gabbro, and sparse lavas and dikes. The ultramafic rocks consist chiefly of depleted harzburgite and minor dunite and are interpreted as mantle tectonites. In the Hegenshan block dunite is relatively abundant and is typically associated with podiform chromitite. Both the chromite ore and the residual chromites in this body are relatively aluminous with average Cr numbers of 44–54. A few small chromite bodies and some of the residual chromites have much higher Cr numbers (72–76). Several blocks have well-layered cumulate sequences of gabbro and troctolite. Sheeted dikes are absent but small mafic dikes are common in some of the ultramafic sections. Most of the mafic dikes have flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns and are strongly depleted in incompatible elements, similar to depleted tholeiites from immature island arcs. The basaltic lavas of the Hegenshan ophiolite have two distinctly different chemical signatures—one similar to the mafic dikes and one similar to ocean island basalts. The entire complex was probably formed within an island arc–marginal basin system that was later accreted to the southern margin of the Siberian Altaids.     

内蒙古中部大青山新地沟-卯独庆金矿床的 构造-蚀变-成矿作用

新地沟和卵独庆金矿赋存于新太古界色尔腾山群柳树沟岩组中,是典型的与韧性-脆韧性剪切变形有关的绿岩型金矿.构造-蚀变岩石的主要类型有千糜岩化石英绢云片岩、千糜岩化绿泥绢云片岩、糜棱岩化绿泥石英片岩、绢云绿泥长英质糜棱片岩、长英质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩质构造片岩等.构造-蚀变岩石的岩石地球化学特征与中基性火山岩类似.其稀土元素总量∑REE(44.9×10-6～155.4×10-6)、LREE/HREE比值(7.0～26.1)、δEu(0.6～1.2)也显示了中基性火山原岩的特点.构造-蚀变-成矿流体的特征为富CO2的低盐度的较高密度的流体,具有造山型金矿的特点.前寒武纪绿岩带建造变质镁铁质火山岩分布的地区构造-蚀变作用强烈的地段是重要的找矿有利地区.