胶东三山岛断裂构造蚀变岩三维控矿规律研究与海域超大型金矿的发现

三山岛北部海域金矿床位于胶东西北部三山岛成矿带之内,为一严格受断裂构造控制的超大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床。该次找矿预测并获重大突破的预测依据如下：(1)三山岛断裂蚀变矿化带,受NNE和NEE两组方向的区域构造控制,复合叠加呈“N”字形分布。陆上断裂蚀变矿化带接近海域,并没有间断,推测在三山岛北部延伸至海区。(2)焦家和三山岛两断裂蚀变矿化带,具有统一的三维控岩控矿规律。焦家断裂蚀变金矿带向西倾斜,控矿构造和矿化富集程度显示阶梯状分布,其中矿体向南西侧伏,矿体在剖面上呈左行右列式分布;而三山岛断裂蚀变金矿带向东倾斜,其中矿体向NE侧伏,矿体在剖面上呈右行左列式分布。依据陆内构造控岩控矿规律预测海域未知矿体的分布规律,获得了良好的验证。(3)三山岛金矿到焦家金矿的勘探剖面显示,两个控矿构造岩相带倾向相反,但是都在下盘花岗岩区段集中交代蚀变成矿。这一认识为确定深部成矿靶区提供了准确的地质依据。(4)地球物理勘查结果显示,三山岛矿带的重力和磁力异常指出沿“N”字形构造从陆地向海区延伸,这成为预测的重要依据。总之,三山岛北部海域金矿床目前业已取得找矿重大突破。矿床为焦家式破碎蚀变岩型金矿,属中生代燕山晚期岩浆热液脉型矿床,其深部及外围仍具有良好的找矿前景。     

胶东金矿集中区构造控岩控矿地质特征研究

本文对胶东构造体系进行了进一步划分,指出胶东中生代主要发育新华夏体系和华夏式构造系,而纬向构造体系,即EW向构造不发育的资料.在此基础上,对胶东金矿集中区构造控制矿带、矿床、矿脉、地球化学分布和物理化学条件等不同层次特征加以分析,提出的胶东金矿成矿期构造具有多层次控矿特点,新华夏系NEE向(泰山式)伴生构造控制胶东区域金矿带的展布;新华夏系NNE向区域剪切带控制金矿田产生部位;构造带断裂性质控制金矿矿床类别;构造断裂带的产状控制矿床矿体的倾伏侧伏规律;剪切构造两盘的运移特点和断裂组合形式控制矿脉的分布规律;构造变形岩相带控制的构造地球化学特征;构造控制成矿物理化学条件等认识.     

胶东西北部金成矿带控矿构造系统分析

以胶东西北部金矿矿带为例, 试图用系统分析的方法探讨区域矿化特征和区域控矿规律。认为深部构造控制了胶东西北部金成矿带的空间展布, 断裂构造不仅控制着矿床的产出、矿体特征及矿床类型, 而且还控制着矿床的丛聚性、似等距性和矿体的侧伏、水平分带。构造成矿系统在空间上具有多层次、多级和相关性的特征, 在时间上具有同源演化的特点。区域构造演化和断裂构造的脆韧性叠加造就了矿化的多样性及复杂性。      

胶东金矿集中区构造体系多层次控矿规律研究

提出中新生代东亚大陆与西太平洋带活动带相互关联的构造剪切带即是NNE向新华夏系巨型构造带。胶东金矿集中区产生于洋-陆过渡关联的该NNE向构造剪切带。对胶东构造体系进行了进一步研究,指出胶东中生代主要发育新华夏体系和华夏式构造系,而纬向构造体系,即EW向构造不发育。在此基础上,对胶东金矿集中区构造控制矿带、矿床、矿脉、地球化学分布和物理化学条件等不同层次特征加以分析,提出了胶东金矿成矿期构造具有多层次控矿特点,新华夏系NEE向泰山式构造控制胶东区域金矿带的展布;新华夏系NNE向区域剪切带控制金矿田产生部位;构造带断裂性质控制金矿矿床类别;构造断裂带的产状控制矿床矿体的倾伏侧伏规律;剪切构造两盘的运移特点和断裂组合形式控制矿脉的分布规律;构造变形岩相带控制构造地球化学特征;构造控制水岩系统成矿物理化学条件等认识。成矿构造研究、测量和资料分析证实,成矿阶段构造应力场最大主应力和最小主应力轴面是近于水平的,而中间主应力接近于垂直;区域成矿期应力场呈水平反钟向扭动剪切状,具有新华夏系应力场特征。从中生代应力场分析发现,除了区域反钟向挤压剪切构造特征外,主要成矿阶段构造环境还表现出应力松弛和拉张的特点,有普遍的断裂上盘下滑的构造成矿的特征。     

胶东上庄金矿构造控矿特征及找矿方向

上庄金矿区金矿化主要分布于主干断裂——招平和涧里—跃进村断裂及其两侧的次级断裂中，严格受断裂或韧性剪切带的控制，金矿化在断裂产状发生变化、构造叠加改造部位，节理密集带与破碎带的复合部位富集。找矿方向为①号脉以南至涧里—跃进村断裂与主断裂交汇处；涧里—跃进村断裂带两侧密集次级断裂及深部；招平断裂入字型构造部位，即①、②、⑧、⑨、⑩号脉深部。     

山东招远市前孙家金矿构造控矿规律和构造地球化学找矿

通过对前孙家金矿矿区构造控矿规律研究可知,本区控矿构造型式为成矿前北东向压扭性断裂构造系统中构造透镜体四周的环边式X型断裂,控矿构造具有北北东向、近南北向的优选性,成矿期的构造应力场表现为左旋斜滑运动,主断裂带上的南西向侧伏构造控制了矿体延深。矿区成矿元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Co、Mo、Sn。构造地球化学高值带具有与矿体侧伏方向的一致性。根据控矿构造型式、矿体产出规律、成矿期构造应力场分析和数值模拟以及Au构造地球化学异常和成矿因子得分等值线图等方面成果综合分析,提出矿区下一步找矿有利地段有三处:4号脉的南西深部、2号脉的南西深部和新1号脉西侧。     

胶东西北部早白垩世区域应力场演化及构造控矿规律研究

胶东西北部是我国重要的金矿集区,其所在的华北克拉通在古生代末-早中生代,经南(大别-苏鲁)北(兴蒙)两条东西向碰撞造山带的焊接成为欧亚大陆东缘的一部分,随后强烈卷入到北北东向的滨太平洋构造域,使区内大陆地壳的演化进入了一个崭新的陆内造山阶段。这一剧烈的构造体制转折,标志着前中生代盆山系统演化的终结,并奠定了晚中生代至今的华北克拉通基本     

胶东望儿山金矿成矿构造分析和成矿预测

通过井下现场调查、构造编图,提出望儿山金矿区控矿构造型式为压扭性断裂构造系统之菱形结环式构造.矿区构造控矿规律表现为:矿体在剖面上呈特征的"S"型,矿体规模受制于构造规模,在倾向方向上矿体呈平行近等距产出,矿体间距多在60m±;矿化在垂向上具有明显的分段富集规律,共包括3个富集段,大体上矿体富集区间垂直距离180-26...     

胶东西北部黄埠岭金矿床两期次叠加成矿

黄埠岭金矿床位于胶东西北部招莱金矿带,产于北东向黄埠岭-凤凰山断裂的上盘,由18条大小不一的金矿脉组成。研究表明,北东向断裂控制早期中深成金矿成矿,北北东向断裂控制晚期浅成金矿成矿。早晚两期金矿化不同,早期中深成金矿以石英、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、银金矿、自然金、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等组合为特征,晚期浅成金矿以石英、方解石、银金矿、自然银、硫盐矿物和胶黄铁矿等组合为特征。早晚两期成矿叠加部位构成矿区内富矿段。     

胶东三山岛金矿床黄铁矿显微结构和微量元素特征:对金富集机制的指示

三山岛金矿床是位于胶东金矿集区西北部的超大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床.该矿床细致的矿相学及元素地球化学研究尚有不足,限制了对其金富集机制及过程的理解.基于野外地质调查和室内矿相学研究将该矿床划分为4个成矿阶段:石英?绢云母?黄铁矿阶段(I)、石英?金?黄铁矿阶段(I I)、石英?金?多金属硫化物阶段(I I I)和碳酸盐?...     

Ore-Forming Fluid Characteristics of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault Zone, which is one of the most important gold-hosting faults in the Jiaodong gold province of China. Dayingezhuang is a typical large-scale shear zone-hosted disseminated gold deposit with superimposed silver mineralization. Fluid inclusion (FI) petrography and microthermometry, and analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for fluid inclusions were conducted to determine the characteristics of the ore-forming fluids and the processes of silver mineralization. Microthermometry data of FI indicated that ore-forming fluids are characterized by low salinity and low density. Homogenization pressures of FI are estimated at 20 × 10⁵–220 × 10⁵ Pa. The change in ore-forming fluids from K₂SO₄ type to NaCl type indicates the superposition of two hydrothermal mineralizing events. Ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic components in the early mineralization period, and affected by meteoric waters in the late period. Gold may have been transported as Au-S or Au-Cl complexes, whereas silver was transported as Ag-Cl complexes. Early fluid boiling and later fluid mixing are thought to be two of the main factors causing the deposition and superimposing of gold and silver to form the large deposit.     

Ore-forming fluids associated with granite-hosted gold mineralization at the Sanshandao deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China

The Sanshandao gold deposit, with total resources of more than 60 t of gold, is located in the Jiaodong gold province, the most important gold province of China. The deposit is a typical highly fractured and altered, disseminated gold system, with high-grade, quartz-sulphide vein/veinlet stockworks that cut Mesozoic granodiorite. There are four stages of veins that developed in the following sequence: (1) quartz-K-feldspar-sericite; (2) quartz-pyrite±arsenopyrite; (3) quartz-base metal sulfide; and (4) quartz-carbonate. Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite in vein/veinlet stockworks contain C-O-H fluids of three main types. The first type consists of dilute CO₂–H₂O fluids coeval with the early vein stage. Molar volumes of these CO₂–H₂O fluid inclusions, ranging from 50–60 cm³/mol, yield estimated minimum trapping pressures of 3 kbar. Homogenization temperatures, obtained mainly from CO₂–H₂O inclusions with lower CO₂ concentration, range from 267–375 °C. The second inclusion type, with a CO₂–H₂O±CH₄ composition, was trapped during the main mineralizing stages. These fluids may reflect the CO₂–H₂O fluids that were modified by fluid/rock reactions with altered wallrocks. Isochores for CO₂-H₂O±CH₄ inclusions, with homogenization temperatures ranging from 204–325 °C and molar volumes from 55 to 70 cm³/mol, provide an estimated minimum trapping pressure of 1.2 kbar. The third inclusion type, aqueous inclusions, trapped in cross-cutting microfractures in quartz and randomly in calcite, are post-mineralization, and have homogenization temperatures between 143–228 °C and salinities from 0.71–7.86 wt% NaCl equiv. Stable isotope data show that the metamorphic fluid contribution is minimal and that ore fluids are of magmatic origin, most likely sourced from 120–126 Ma mafic to intermediate dikes. This is consistent with the carbonic nature of the fluid, and the cross-cutting nature of those deposits relative to the host Mesozoic granitoid.Editorial handling: R.J. Goldfarb     

山东胶西北地区金矿密集区资源潜力预测

以陈毓川院士提出的矿床成矿系列理论为指导,利用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法分析提取了山东胶西北地区5个典型矿床预测要素,结合典型矿床及其他矿床成矿特征,提取区域预测要素,建立区域预测模型。中生代玲珑二长花岗岩和郭家岭花岗闪长岩,大的俯冲背景下的伸展拉张作用形成的构造控矿成矿环境,胶东构造岩浆岩亚带、胶北侵入岩段、陆缘岩浆弧构造背景,北北东、北东向韧、脆性断裂带、构造裂隙控矿是金成矿的4个必要要素。胶东岩群表壳岩系和古元古代俯冲增生杂岩地层,中生代燕山晚期成矿,自然金、黄铁矿矿物组合,钾化、黄铁绢英岩围岩蚀变是金成矿的重要要素;区域布格重力异常、航磁异常、水系沉积物异常、自然重砂异常特征是金矿床存在的重要指示特征。依据综合预测要素特征,预测模型定位预测区;按控矿构造系统展布、金等化探和重砂异常分布特征、布格重力异常梯度带、有利磁场场区范围等圈定预测区平面边界;以具体控矿构造范围、规模、现有矿体控制深度和矿体深部可能的延伸特征圈定预测区深部边界。全区圈定预测区63个,其中,A级17个,B级11个,C级35个。分区域、地段、深度、级别（类别）定量估算2 km以浅资源量,全区预测金金属资源量 3 250 t。     

Geological and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on Gold Deposition Processes of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit, hosted mainly by Late Jurassic granitoids on Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, contains an estimated 170 t of gold and is one of the largest deposits within the Zhaoping fracture zone. The orebodies consist of auriferous altered pyrite–sericite–quartz granites that show Jiaojia-type (i.e., disseminated and veinlet) mineralization. Mineralization and alteration are structurally controlled by the NE- to NNE-striking Linglong detachment fault. The mineralization can be divided into four stages: (K-feldspar)–pyrite–sericite–quartz, quartz–gold–pyrite, quartz–gold–polymetallic sulfide, and quartz–carbonate, with the majority of the gold being produced in the second and third stages. Based on a combination of petrography, microthermometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy, three types of fluid inclusion were identified in the vein minerals: NaCl–H2O (A-type), CO2–H2O–NaCl (AC-type), and pure CO2 (PC-type). Quartz crystals in veinlets that formed during the first stage contain mainly AC-type fluid inclusions, with rare PC-type inclusions. These fluid inclusions homogenize at temperatures of 251°C–403°C and have low salinities of 2.2–9.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. Quartz crystals that formed in the second and third stages contain all three types of fluid inclusions, with total homogenization temperatures of 216°C–339°C and salinities of 1.8–13.8 wt% NaCl equivalent for the second stage and homogenization temperatures of 195°C–321°C and salinities of 1.4–13.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for the third stage. In contrast, quartz crystals that formed in the fourth stage contains mainly A-type fluid inclusions, with minor occurrences of AC-type inclusions; these inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 106°C–287°C and salinities of 0.5–7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent. Gold in the ore-forming fluids may have changed from Au(HS)0 as the dominant species under acidic conditions and at relatively high temperatures and fO2 in the early stages, to Au(HS)2– under neutral-pH conditions at lower temperatures and fO2 in the later stages. The precipitation of gold and other metals is inferred to be caused by a combination of fluid immiscibility and water–rock interaction.     

山东三山岛金矿床流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

三山岛金矿床位于莱州市三山岛—仓上断裂带内,矿石主要为蚀变岩和含金石英脉2种类型。随着胶东金矿床研究的深入和三山岛金矿资源的不断减少,对三山岛金矿床的成矿作用及深部开发前景问题研究具有更重要的意义。针对上述问题,对三山岛金矿床2种类型矿石的成矿流体特征进行对比研究,认为代表成矿早—中期的蚀变岩型矿石形成于中温(均一温度为325～240℃)、低盐度(2.07%～6.88%)、低密度(0.720～0.868g/cm3)、酸碱性不均匀(pH=3.27～10.43)、以氟化物和氯化物为成矿物质载体的还原性流体;代表成矿中—晚期的含金石英脉型矿石形成于中—低温(均一温度为306～160℃)、低盐度(1.05%～9.73%)、低密度(0.739～0.962g/cm3)、碱性(pH=9.25～9.85)、以氯化物和硫化物为成矿物质载体的还原性流体。成矿流体性质的转变反映了成矿流体处于由比较封闭到比较开放的构造环境的转变期,且成矿流体早期以原生岩浆水为主,后期有变质水、大气降水以及海水的参与作用。三山岛金矿成矿深度为2.5～5km,根据目前的开采深度推算其深部还有一定的资源量可供开发。     

胶东三山岛北部海域金矿蚀变特征与微量元素迁移规律

胶东地区是中国最重要的金矿矿集区,区内众多大型–超大型金矿集中产出,已探明金矿资源量占全国30%以上。构造蚀变岩型金矿是胶东区内重要的类型之一,三山岛北部海域金矿是该类型的典型代表。胶东三山岛北部海域金矿是近年来新发现的超大型金矿,对该矿床的蚀变岩石进行研究具有重要意义。通过详实地岩心编录与室内研究,查明了该矿床的主要蚀变类型及矿物组合特征,系统采集了典型蚀变岩石样品并进行了微量元素地球化学分析,运用质量平衡技术方法总结了热液蚀变过程中的元素迁移规律,同时探讨了黄铁绢英岩中微量元素特征。结果表明,在标高−1200～−1400 m 范围内蚀变强烈。蚀变类型有钾化、绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化等,其中与成矿关系最为密切的是绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化;从原岩到黄铁绢英岩的整个蚀变过程中,流体向围岩提供了大量（迁移量＞2）的As、Sb、Te等低温元素,中量（迁移量为1～2）的Pb、Zn、Cu等中温元素,少量（迁移量＜1）的Co、Ni、Cr等高温元素,表明在标高−1200～−1400 m处,流体以中低温元素组合为主,预测−1200～−1400 m处矿体仍处于中上部,深部还有很好的找矿潜力。     

胶东三山岛金矿床构造-热历史:~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar和裂变径迹年代学制约

胶东金成矿省目前已探明黄金资源储量超过4000t,是世界上最大的花岗岩容矿的单金成矿省之一。三山岛金矿床位于该金成矿省西北部,是产于早白垩世郭家岭型花岗中的世界级金矿床。锆石U-Pb数据表明该矿床内赋矿围岩郭家岭花岗岩侵位于~128Ma,其后郭家岭花岗岩快速冷却并普遍经历了亚固态韧性变形。已有绢云母Rb-Sr数据表明,该矿床大规模金成矿作用和脆性变形发生于约117Ma。本次获取的1件~99Ma白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄揭示了主期成矿后一期微弱的构造-流体活动。4件锆石裂变径迹年龄中相对较老的单颗粒锆石年龄组分90±10Ma说明,该矿床大致于该时间段冷却至锆石裂变径迹封闭温度240±50℃。13件磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布于69.8±7.2Ma~46.1±4.8Ma之间;8件磷灰石裂变径迹长度集中于13.1±0.2~12.3±0.2μm,并且呈单峰型略带负偏态的分布,说明该矿床大致于70~50Ma单调缓慢冷却通过磷灰石裂变径迹部分退火带125~60℃。最终,该矿床缓慢冷却剥露至现今近地表温度。相对缓慢的成矿后冷却和剥蚀以及新近深部钻探成果说明,三山岛及其周缘金矿床主断裂下盘脆性变形和热液蚀变作用叠加部位成矿潜力巨大,为有利的找矿靶区。     

山东海阳郭城地区金矿床成矿特征

近年来,在山东海阳郭城地区郭城断裂下盘发现了多处金矿床(点)。研究发现,该地段金矿成矿特点与胶东其它地区存在较大的差异。通过对矿区的矿床地质、控矿构造和成矿流体等方面的研究,揭示了该地区金矿体形态复杂和产状多样的原因系多组结构面联合控矿所致。区内成矿期构造应力场是以郭城断裂为主干断裂的左行剪切作用,成矿流体环境为中高盐度的H2O-CO2-NaCl-CaCl2体系,硫同位素特征反映了成矿热液来源于古老变质岩部分熔融形成的壳源岩浆热液。