APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, Vol.2, No.1 - No.4 Contents in total(2005)

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Do a bit more with convolution

Convolution is a form of superposition that efficiently deals with input varying arbitrarily in time or space. It works whenever superposition is applicable, that is, for linear systems. Even though convolution is well-known since the 19th century, this valuable method is still missing in most textbooks on ground water hydrology. This limits widespread application in this field. Perhaps most papers are too complex mathematically as they tend to focus on the derivation of analytical expressions rather than solving practical problems. However, convolution is straightforward with standard mathematical software or even a spreadsheet, as is demonstrated in the paper. The necessary system responses are not limited to analytic solutions; they may also be obtained by running an already existing ground water model for a single stress period until equilibrium is reached. With these responses, high-resolution time series of head or discharge may then be computed by convolution for arbitrary points and arbitrarily varying input, without further use of the model. There are probably thousands of applications in the field of ground water hydrology that may benefit from convolution. Therefore, its inclusion in ground water textbooks and courses is strongly needed.     

科学家首次绘制喜马拉雅断层与俯冲带完整图像

一个由多国研究人员组成的研究小组已成功创建了崎岖的喜马拉雅山脉下地壳与上地幔的最完整的地震影像。他们在研究过程中,发现了一些特殊的地质特征,这些特征可能会更好地解释该区域的进化演变过程。科学家们的最新发现已发表在《科学》杂志上,这些发现能够解释世界上最大的且正在增高的山脉一喜马拉雅山的形成。