基于高阶双谱的子波整形方法

地震子波在地震数据处理中扮演着至关重要的角色,传统的子波提取都是假设子波为最小相位的,但是实际数据中的子波却是混合相位的。为了能够得到一个较为准确、真实的地震子波,笔者采用高阶双谱进行子波重构,然后利用得到的地震子波对叠后数据进行子波整形处理。仿真实验和实际资料试算结果表明,高阶双谱提取的地震子波与实际情况吻合度更高,利用所提取的子波对叠后数据进行处理,可改善剖面的分辨率。     

基于高阶统计的时变子波估计及其应用

地震子波估计是地震资料高分辨处理、解释的基础,快速准确地估计地震子波具有重要意义。笔者利用三谱估计子波的振幅谱,根据峰度最大值准则提取子波的相位,规避了相位的卷绕问题,并讨论了该准则的适用条件。比较了不同窗函数的特性,最终选定Hamming窗函数滑动求取时变子波。利用变频雷克子波模型讨论了时变子波提取的有效性。应用到实际资料处理中,与不同主频的雷克子波标定的地震记录进行对比分析。结果表明:该方法使得子波振幅谱估计更加稳定,相位谱估计更易于实现,与实际情况更加符合。     

子波估计及极大似然反褶积方法稳健性讨论

利用极大似然反褶积提取鲁棒性地震子波的方法进行了研究，并讨论了极大似然反褶积的稳健性。理论分析表明，在理想条件下极大似然反褶积是无偏估计，而且还是一致估计，这一结论可以由所提取的地震子波得到验证。实际地震资料的处理结果分析表明，极大似然反褶积具有很好的稳健性。应当指出，为保证地震子波的鲁棒性，极大似然反褶积子渡时窗应尽量满足统计条件，以提高极大似然反褶积的稳健性。     

水文水资源分析新方法——子波分析

子波为最短、最简单的振动。建立在子波基础上的一套分析称之为子波分析。这种分析用于时间序列的研究有其独特之处。成为当前各个领域探讨的热蹼。本文论述将子波分析引入水文水资源研究的意义，简要介绍国内外研究现状，最后指出子波分析在水文水各需要重点探讨的问题。     

子波相关沉积相相控处理在川东南官渡地区的应用

文章利用子波沉积相预测方法,在井旁的地震记录中提取出研究目的层的优势相所对应的地震子波,经研究发现,沉积相的改变和地震子波的变化存在一定的关联。利用从井中提取到该优势相的地震子波对研究目的层进行相关计算,就能够预测这种优势相。分别提取在不同沉积微相控制下生成且彼此重叠的砂体,有助于实现对单一砂体的识别,这对砂体十分发育的川东南河流相沉积区会有重要的研究价值和实用价值。     

基于高阶统计复倒谱子波提取

子波反褶积是提高地震资料分辨率的主要方法之一,其关键在于子波的准确性.常规处理方法通常假设子波是最小相位的,但这是不符合实际的,针对这一局限性,利用高阶统计量包含系统相位信息以及抑制高斯噪声的特性,研究了基于复倒谱子波提取方法,分别给出了复倒双谱和复倒三谱提取子波的原理,并构造了平滑窗函数来提高子波估计的准确性.该方法无需对子波相位作任何假设,可估计任意相位子波.针对混合相位子波,进行了理论试算,验证了该方法的有效性,最后对实际资料处理的结果也说明了该方法的实际应用价值.     

利用VSP子波替换提高地面地震资料的分辨率

子波反褶积是地面地震处理中提高成像分辨率的常用方法,而做好子波反褶积的关键是计算反褶积算子。地面地震资料受本身分辨率和信噪比的影响,处理中难以得到精确的反褶积算子。本文利用VSP资料的高分辨率、高信噪比的优势,从中提取子波,然后用地面子波向VSP子波进行匹配,计算出较为精确的反褶积算子,用于叠后地面地震资料子波替换反褶积处理。实例处理结果表明,此方法能使地面地震剖面的分辨率明显提高,同相轴的连续性得到改善,波阻特征有所加强,整体质量得到较大改进。     

地震反演系统中的子波提取方法

在地震反演过程中,子波质量至关重要,它将直接影响着最终的反演结果。这里详细地讨论了Strata地震反演系统中提取子波的几种常用方法,并对它们的特点做了简要分析。最后,提出了一种新的提取子波方法,利用反演误差对子波进行相位校正,使误差图上的相关能量尽可能达到最小,用校正后的最佳子波进行地震反演,在淮南张集煤矿西三采区地震反演中,获得了满意的地质效果。     

高精度合成地震记录制作方法及应用

合成地震记录的精度直接影响到地震地质层位的准确标定。在总结前人工作的基础上，提出一套高精度合成地震记录的制作方法：（1）利用VSP资料能准确地反映地震波在地震中传播速度的变化规律的优点，进行漂移校正，以提高深－时转换的精度；（2）利用密度测井资料与声波时差曲线联合计算反射系数序列，以提高反射系数序列的精度；（3）利用分时窗提取子波技术，解决长期以来合成地震记录中存在的子波问题。将此方法用于合成地震记录的制作，在提高合成地震记录与地震剖面的吻合度和分辨率方面，都取得了较好的效果。     

高保真条件下同时提高信噪比和分辨率的研究——无噪条件下子波…

高分辨率地震勘探是岩性地震勘探，油藏描述的基础，是近年来的研究状况，本文根据信号分析理论，证明了子波分辨率与子波频率成分之间的关系，并通过国例加以说明。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of