Geomagnetic Variations during Strong Earthquakes

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—We analyze the geomagnetic effect caused by the strong earthquakes using the data from the Geophysical Observatory “Mikhnevo”...     

大震前重力地脉动异常分析

研究了高台地震台和兰州地震台在2008年5月12日汶川8.0级、2009年8月28日青海海西6.4级、2009年9月30日撒摩亚群岛8.1级地震前重力记录资料脉动幅度及频谱变化,总结了重力地脉动在时间域和频率域上的临震前兆异常特征,发现有与宽带地震仪低频波异常对应的异常信息,即震前时域脉动曲线出现纺锤型或喇叭口形态,0.1～0.14Hz的频幅最大值在震前几天加速增大直到发震.跟踪地脉动异常变化可以为地震短临预报提供有用信息.     

中国东部地区中强以上地震与日本海域地区强震的相关性研究

本文对中国东部中强以上地震与日本海域强震的相关性进行了专门研究。结果表明，中国华东沿海地区中强震与日本板缘强震（Ｍｓ≥７．０）有很好的相关性其滞后时间多在一年以内；而中国大华北（包括东北）的中强以上地震与日本海强震（Ｍｓ≥６．０）有很好的相关性，其滞后时间多在一年半之内。本文根据相关性还概括了相关模式。这说明中国东部中强以上地震主要受相邻的太平洋板块俯冲运动的控制。因此本项目的研究结果可直接用于中     

地震与海啸作用下重力式岸墙旋转位移拟静力分析

被动状态下位移预测是挡墙地震工程设计中的关键,而岸墙后回填土的孔隙水压力对墙体运动具有一定影响。采用拟静力法计算墙后部分浸水土体的被动动土压力,根据静力水压力理论近似计算土颗粒里的动水压力;同时考虑地震荷载和海啸力的作用,根据力矩极限平衡确定旋转门槛加速度系数,采用旋转块体方法计算岸墙被动旋转运动下的地震位移。探讨回填砂土内摩擦角、墙体与土间摩擦角、地震加速度系数、回填土地下水位、海啸波浪高度等参数对旋转位移的影响。     

Study on the Phenomenon of Geomagnetic Low-value Displacement before Moderately Strong Earthquakes in Gansu

This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of geomagnetic low-value displacement in Gansu and its adjacent areas from 1995 to 2003 on the basis of the data of the daily amplitude minimum value time of the geomagnetic vertical component. It is shown that in addition to the changing rules of geomagnetic low-value displacement itself, there is a better correlation between geomagnetic low-value displacement and the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes. There appeared to be geomagnetic low-value displacement before the moderately strong earthquakes in Gansu in the 9 years from 1995 to 2003. This result indicates that geomagnetic low-value displacement is of instructive significance for earthquake prediction to some extents.     

甘肃中强震前地磁“低点位移”现象研究

利用甘肃及邻近地区地磁垂直分量日变化极小值时间(低点时间)资料,分析了1995～2003年地磁"低点时间"在空间分布上的异常特征,即地磁"低点位移"现象,发现地磁"低点位移"现象除了有其自身的变化规律外,还与该区中强震的发生存在较好的相关性.1995～2003年的9年间,甘肃省中强震前均出现地磁"低点位移"现象.这表明地磁"低点位移"对该区地震的短临预测预报有一定的参考价值.     

云南地区及邻域卫星重力变化及其与区域大震的关系

利用GRACE卫星重力场数据,计算并分析云南地区及邻域2003—2014年的卫星重力场变化特征,获得3个特征点上的月重力变化时间序列;结合该地区2003—2014年发生的M_S5以上地震分布,探讨区域卫星重力变化与区域大震的关系。结果表明:云南地区及邻域卫星重力场变化对区域M_S5以上地震有一定的反映,地震多发生在区域重力变化的高梯度带上,地震发生前后,区域出现与地震相对应的特征性卫星重力变化,可能是对壳幔物质调整的反映;区域大震前后,不同震区特征点的重力变化特征存在差异,说明分断层、分区域的重力场变化研究对地震预测有重大意义。     

Variations in Electrical Characteristics of Near-Surface Atmosphere during Strong Earthquakes: Observation Results

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—Variations in the vertical electric field and atmospheric current in the near-surface atmosphere, accompanying strong earthquakes, are...     

超强地震作用下深厚覆盖层场地重力坝抗震安全研究

本文通过成层状地基地震动输入计算方法得到覆盖层边界自由场运动,采用粘弹性边界,考虑地基辐射阻尼效应及坝体和地基的接触非线性,针对强震区深厚覆盖层场地重力坝开展线性和非线性动力时程分析研究,结合需求能力比DCR评估其抗震性能。由线弹性动力时程分析可知,在运行基准地震OBE作用下,重力坝坝体应力均在允许范围内,其抗滑稳定安全系数不能满足要求;由非线性动力分析可知,在OBE和最大设计地震MDE作用下,重力坝发生较大滑动位移。通过在重力坝坝体下游坝后回填土加强重力坝抗震稳定性,结果表明,下游坝后回填土可有效减小坝体滑动位移,加强其抗震稳定性。本文针对深厚覆盖层场地重力坝开展的抗震安全研究为抗震设计提供了科学依据,为强震区深厚覆盖层场地重力坝的抗震分析提供参考。     

The Traces and Chronology of the Strong Historical Earthquakes on Cape Zyuk,East Crimea

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - The results of studying the geological and archaeological traces of the strong earthquakes on Cape Zyuk where the ancient settlement existed from the turn of...     

华北强震地形变及重力前兆特征与孕震机理

通过分析华北地区强震地形变及重务前兆特征,发现震前在较大范围内存在与构造密切相关的动力不过程;在震中区介质状态发生变化。在此基础上提出了改进的组合－硬化模式：调整单元的运动,牵动较大范围构造运动的加及断层两侧深层介质密度变化;应力集中单元由于能量的不断积累,介质出现硬化过程。上述机理形成了前兆的各个阶段。     

Variations in the Parameters of Background Seismic Noise during the Preparation Stages of Strong Earthquakes in the Kamchatka Region

The results of the long (2011–2016) investigation of background seismic noise (BSN) in Kamchatka by the method suggested by Doct. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) A.A. Lyubushin with the use of the data from the network of broadband seismic stations of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. For characterizing the BSN field and its variability, continuous time series of the statistical parameters of the multifractal singularity spectra and wavelet expansion calculated from the records at each station are used. These parameters include the generalized Hurst exponent α*, singularity spectrum support width Δα, wavelet spectral exponent β, minimal normalized entropy of wavelet coefficients En, and spectral measure of their coherent behavior. The peculiarities in the spatiotemporal distribution of the BSN parameters as a probable response to the earthquakes with М_w = 6.8–8.3 that occurred in Kamchatka in 2013 and 2016 are considered. It is established that these seismic events were preceded by regular variations in the BSN parameters, which lasted for a few months and consisted in the reduction of the median and mean α*, Δα, and β values estimated over all the stations and in the increase of the En values. Based on the increase in the spectral measure of the coherent behavior of the four-variate time series of the median and mean values of the considered statistics, the effect of the enhancement of the synchronism in the joint (collective) behavior of these parameters during a certain period prior to the mantle earthquake in the Sea of Okhotsk (May 24, 2013, M_w = 8.3) is diagnosed. The procedures for revealing the precursory effects in the variations of the BSN parameters are described and the examples of these effects are presented.     

中国大陆与周边板块边界强震活动的互动关系探讨

分析中国大陆与周边板块边界、尤其是西部地震“大三角”地区强震活动的关系认为,中国大陆与周边板块边界带的强震活动之间存在互动关系,而不完全是后者对前者的触发作用。进而根据中国大陆地震构造环境、大尺度地壳运动变形动态与强震活动状况,研究和探讨了这种“互动关系”可能的构造动力机理和我国大陆未来地震活动的发展趋势。     

Acoustic Effects of Strong Earthquakes

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Absrtact—The results of instrumental observations of acoustic effects from a number of strong earthquakes in Albania, Greece, Iran, and Turkey with...     

冀鲁豫交界地区重力场变化与区内小震关系探讨

冀鲁豫交界地区历史上曾发生过多次中强地震,是一直受关注的地震危险区。利用该区1995—2010年共20期的流动重力观测资料,在统一起算基准、消除系统误差的基础上进行拟稳平差,计算重力场累积变化量;通过对重力场变化的分析,研究测区内重力场动态变化与测区内发生的一系列4级左右地震的关系。研究结果认为:冀鲁豫地区发生M_L4.0以上地震前后震区的重力场变化具有明显的"震前持续上升-震后反向恢复"的特征。     

中等地震的时空分布和强震

基于AkioYoshida等人的研究思路 ,以大华北地区 (30°～ 4 2°N ,10 9°～ 12 5°E)为例 ,来探讨我国大陆区域强震和中等地震时空分布之间的联系。通过对大华北地区 1970年以来 12次ML≥ 6地震的空间—时间分布情况进行研究后发现 ,该区强震发生前后 15年内 ,强震周围 2 0 0km内通常都有 5级以上地震活动。根据区域构造特点等因素 ,将大华北地区近期的强震活动分成 3个区域 ,并对该区近期的地震活动作了回顾和展望。     

Features of the Atmospheric Temperature Variations Prior to Strong Earthquakes in Kamchatka and Their Relation to the Fluxes of Outgoing Infrared Radiation

The temperature variations of the near-surface atmosphere in Kamchatka at Paratunka observatory and fluxes of outgoing infrared radiation prior to strong Kuril earthquakes (November 15, 2006, M = 8.3; January 13, 2007, M = 8.1) have been analyzed. It is shown that the radiation fluxes at ground level, as measured on satellites above the epicenter of earthquakes and above a remote observatory, coincide with each other, both in magnitude and in the feature of their time variations. The temperature measured directly at the observatory and the temperature at surface level estimated from satellite observations differ in magnitude, but they coincide in the feature of their time variations. The detected temperature increase (despite the negative regular trend at this time of year) is caused by the appearance of an additional heat source entering in the nearsurface atmosphere. This result, together with the studies of variations of various geophysical data before strong earthquakes performed earlier in Kamchatka, led to the conclusion that the additional heat source is in the Earth’s crust.     

云南地区强震前中小地震活跃—平静的定量计算

以累计频度定量计算方法 ,讨论了云南地区 1970年以来 ,各个强震孕震区的地震活动非线性度ZL值的时间进程曲线 ,系统计算了Ms≥ 6 3级强震前的ZL值曲线 ,结果表明 :强震前地震活动非线性度ZL值异常表现出的地震孕震区的地震平静—活跃或活跃—平静过程至少出现一次 ,且震例中的 83 %开始出现平静(活跃 )的时间为强震前 1～ 2 12 年 ,强震前半年左右结束出现活跃 (平静 )。