On the Need for Accurate Monitoring of the Geomagnetic Field during Directional Drilling in the Russian Arctic

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—The readings of well magnetometers used in directional drilling may be distorted by geomagnetic storms and substorms. These distortions occur...     

Generation of Geomagnetic Disturbances in the Ionosphere by a Tsunami Wave

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The mechanism of the generation of the geomagnetic field disturbance accompanying tsunami wave propagation is considered. Electric currents in the marine environment and...     

Magnetic and Electric Fields Produced in the Sea During Geomagnetic Disturbances

— To understand geomagnetic effects on systems with long conductors it is necessary to know the electric field those systems experience. For surface conductors such as power systems and pipelines this can easily be calculated from the magnetic field variations at the surface using the surface impedance of the earth. However, for calculating the electric fields in pipelines and submarine cables at the seafloor it is necessary to take account of the attenuating effect of the conducting seawater. Assuming that the fields are vertically propagating plane waves, we derive the transfer functions between the electric and magnetic fields at the seafloor and the magnetic field variations at the sea surface. These transfer functions are then used, with surface magnetic field data, to determine the power spectra of the seafloor magnetic and electric fields in a shallow sea (depth 100 m) and in the deep ocean (depth 5 km) for different values of the Kp magnetic activity index. For the period range considered (2 min to 3 hrs) the spectral characteristics of the seafloor magnetic and electric fields for a 100 m deep sea are very similar to those of the surface fields. For the deep ocean the seafloor spectra show a faster decrease in spectral density with increasing frequency compared to the surface fields. The results obtained are shown to be consistent with seafloor observations. Assessment of the seafloor electric fields produced by different levels of geomagnetic activity can be useful in the design of the power feed equipment for submarine cables and cathodic protection for undersea pipelines.     

Estimation of the Ionospheric Effects of Geomagnetic Disturbances Based on Data from Wakkanai Station

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Ionosonde measurements of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) at Wakkanai station (Japan) are analyzed with the method of superposed epochs. The...     

Geomagnetic Disturbances Accompanying the Great Japanese Earthquake of March 11, 2011

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - This work analyzes the geomagnetic field variations recorded at the Magnetic Observatory of Karazin Kharkiv National University (in the period range of 1–1000 s)...     

钻孔对初始应力场扰动影响的初步研究

地应力测量是获得初始地应力最直接最有效的方法,但在地应力测量打钻的过程中初始地应力会遭到扰动,岩体在打钻后出现卸载现象,初始地应力重新分布,使得测量值与实际初始地应力值有差别.本文应用有限元方法对钻孔地应力测量过程进行模拟,重点研究岩体的性质、边界应力、断裂在钻孔过程中对初始地应力变化的影响,并总结影响初始地应力变化的敏感因素.     

甘—青地区地磁谐波振幅比分析

以甘肃、青海及周边地区(33°~43°N,94°~107°E)作为研究区,采用谐波振幅比方法处理地磁资料。结果显示:(1)在周边显著地震发生前,位于甘—青地区的嘉峪关、山丹、都兰、湟源和英鸽5个台站地磁谐波振幅比一般存在"下降-转折-恢复"异常变化,其持续时间为1~3年,变化幅度为0.03~1.30,地震发生在异常转折或恢复的过程中;(2)所研究的5个地磁台站中,仅山丹台地磁谐波振幅比存在周期间的迁移特征;(3)嘉峪关、山丹两个台站地磁谐波振幅比分别自2010、2011年开始存在"下降-转折-上升"异常变化,2012年以来出现YZHx和YZHy不同项之间以及同一项不同周期间不同步迹象,今后应重点关注这两个台站地磁谐波振幅比异常变化。     

Eutrophication of Surface Water in the Arctic Region

The problem of eutrophication of the surface water in the Arctic Regions is discussed. The natural hydrochemical indices of the trophic status of lakes are analyzed in connection with the landscape and physiographic features of the Kola Peninsula. The regular features of changes in the hydrochemical indices of the trophic status of lakes and the development of the process of eutrophication are analyzed in the case of subarctic Lake Imandra, which has been polluted with municipal and industrial (phosphorus-containing waste of the apatite production) wastewater for more than fifty years. Criteria are proposed for establishing and assessing water eutrophication in cold climate.     

Evolution of High-Latitude Geomagnetic Disturbances during the Magnetic Storm of July 22, 2009

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The behavior of geomagnetic disturbances during a moderate CIR storm, the most intense magnetic storm of  2009 in the solar activity minimum are considered. It is...     

广西地区地磁异常与地震关系的研究

采用空间相关法计算了1987~2013年广西邕宁地震台和河池地震台的地磁Z分量日变化幅度相对海南琼中地震台的空间相关系数,分析了研究时段内空间相关曲线异常变化特征与广西及北部湾海域中强地震的关系。结果表明,广西及北部湾海域中强地震通常发生在邕宁地震台和河池地震台的空间相关曲线同步出现低值异常持续过程中或异常结束后3个月内,且低值异常持续时间超过1个月、异常最小幅值≤0.9。预报效能检验结果显示,该方法对广西地区M≥4.4地震具有较好的映震效果,可为该地区短临地震趋势分析提供定量判据。     

The Influence of Cyclonic Activity on the Geomagnetic Field Disturbance

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The results of observations of geomagnetic disturbances related to cyclonic activity in the troposphere are reported. To reveal these disturbances, we use data on...     

国外断层深部钻探进展分析

国际科学钻探计划成立以来,已经在许多国家和领域取得了重要成果.通过回顾深井钻探项目的发展历史,概述近几年对俯冲带内的板块边界断层进行钻探的日本南海海槽孕震带实验、日本海沟快速钻探项目及美国圣安德列斯断层深部长期观测的板块结构、钻井资料分析的成果,并梳理工程地热系统钻井项目及南非矿山活动断裂带钻探项目对诱发地震的相关研究.旨在为断层深部钻探研究提供思路和参考.     

Estimating the Frequency and Amplitude Parameters of the Serpentine-Emission Type of Geomagnetic Pulsations

Geomagnetic pulsations of the serpentine-emission (SE) type are considered. A method for estimating the frequency and amplitude parameters in the form of a time function for pulsations—SE and the accompanying spectral components—is suggested. An estimation algorithm is developed on the basis of local approximating polyharmonic models and weighted moving average filtration. Examples of the estimation of the frequency and amplitude parameters of SE pulsations are given. It is proposed that the procedure be used to calculate the estimation errors in SE pulsation frequency parameters and to choose the tuning parameters.     

陕西地磁短周期变化异常解释

1996年9月从陕西南部石泉至甘肃宁县布设地磁短周期变化观测临时测线．通过测点地磁转换函数,分析了该区地磁短周期变化特征．根据子波变换进行多尺度分析的理论,提取了该区地磁短周期变化异常的区域性源的影响成分．并以此为观测数据,反演研究了测线地下相应于区域性源的二维导电率结构．在反演研究中,将Zhdanov等提出的基于观测电磁场和导电率模型理论计算场的剩余场总能量最小,并且引入迁移剩余场概念的反演方法,引入磁变测深数据的反演中．反演结果给出了测线地下100 km深度范围内的导电率结构,指出高导电率区位于武功、乾陵一带地下;并且讨论了该反演方法的主要特点,即能较好地反映异常导电率区域的深度和导电率分布,且反演中能允许大数量的反演模型参数．      

中国境内地磁场变化对SNMR信号的影响

地面核磁共振方法是目前唯一直接探测地下水的地球物理新方法。新方法在我国探查地下水等方面已取得明显的效果,但是,对于SNMR信号,却有很多影响因素。本文论述并分析了诸多影响因素中的地磁场强度和磁倾角对NMR信号的影响特点,进而分析了我国区域地磁场强度和磁倾角对SNMR信号的影响规律,对我国进行区域性水文地质调查中运用SNMR方法时提供了重要的参考资料。     

基于中国地磁图的西藏地磁测量对比分析

详细论述了《2005.0中国地磁图》、《2010.0中国地磁图》西藏测区的两次测点点位勘选及测量工作过程,通过大量的、与规范指标要求相关的数据分析,说明了野外观测质量的可靠性,并对通化后的2期数据进行对比研究.结果表明:2005～2010年在西藏测区覆盖范围,磁偏角零等值线向西偏移,偏移量约为0.4°;地磁场总强度平均增加值为206 nT,磁倾角的平均增值为0.45°.     

苏、鲁、豫、皖交界及南黄海地区地磁监测与分析

通过在苏、 鲁、 豫、 皖交界及南黄海地区开展地磁基本场矢量测量、 数据处理和分析, 计算了该区域地磁基本场和地磁异常场总强度和水平强度的曲面样条模型, 并绘制相应的地磁图和地磁异常图, 探索研究局部地磁基本场的变化特征。 分析结果表明, 通过区域地磁基本场矢量测量, 能相对精细地反应区域地磁基本场空间分布, 分辨存在的地磁基本场异常, 为地震中长期预报提供科学数据和相关地球物理场变化背景。     

汶川余震前甘陕交界扰动异常的定源探索

Abnormal disturbances, s uch as sharp pulses, w ere observed by vertical pendulum tiltmeters in Wudu, Hanzhong and Ningshaan seismic stations on August 6, 2008.According to the time and spatial location of the anomalies,we build a"source precursor"propagator to calculate possible focal region by aid of quasi-Newton least squares and grid search methods. The calculated focal region is located at the aftershock area of the Wenchuan earthquake on the northern section of Longmenshan fault zone,which may be related to the 54km-away M S5. 0 Pingwu-Beichuan earthquake,with starting time of about thirty three hours before the earthquake.