省级农村经济决策支持系统

省级农村经济决策支持系统通过对大量的农村经济信息筛选、分析，最后制订出方案，实现辅助决策者进行科学决策的目标。即一方面为政府部门宏观指导农业和农村经济的发展提供决策支持；另一方面为农户的微观农业生产、家庭经营活动提供咨询服务。实现宏观计划控制与微观市场调节有机的结合，使分散无序的农户生产经营活动纳入有序的商品经济轨道，促进农村经济持续、快速、健康的发展     

历史时期全球化作用下的城市空间转变——以1890s~1930s广州东山地区为例

世界城市历史研究作为新兴的研究领域,虽然突破了世界城市经典理论的“现代主义”视角,证明全球化对城市空间转变的作用具有长期性,但仍局限在“经济主义”的分析范畴之内,将经济因素视为决定性动力。20世纪初期,广州东山地区完成由“乡村地区”向“社会精英阶层居住地”的空间转变,促使城市空间格局由“东村西富”变为“东贵西富”。这场具有历史意义的空间转变是教会、华侨、政府、官僚4种动力相互作用、相继推动的结果。东山地区的发展历史表明,除经济联系外,城市的全球文化联系对空间转变同样具有重要推动作用。在一些特定的城市或城市中的特定地区,社会文化动力对城市空间转变具有决定性的作用。     

乡村振兴背景下的数字化农业空间构建与实践——以广东省紫金县茶产业为例

运用实地调研和半结构式访谈的方法,以广东省紫金县的茶产业为例,探讨乡村农业空间的数字化构建过程,关注数字技术如何推动乡村的社会和空间组织转变。研究发现,数字技术在农业生产中的应用,不仅助推了透明化和标准化交易网络的构建,推动村域内农业生产运作逻辑的现代化,还激发了多元化的乡村空间功能。然而,在以自上而下路径为主导的数字技术下沉模式中,乡村不同主体与数字技术的日常交互,呈现权力关系、个体需求和文化认知层面的差异。具体表现为数字化建设的不均衡实施,企业层面数字投建的供需错位,以及群体身份异质性产生的多元化技术认知等,这都制约着当地数字乡村的进一步深化建设。未来数字乡村建设实践应重视多元治理主体的协同,进而实现数字化空间构建的良性发展。     

Reflections on interviewing elites

This paper presents one case of the particularities of power. Drawing upon interviews with UK-based elites, I unpack the general with the specific through discussing how I experienced power as a relational effect of social interaction. Within the parameters of a collaborative research project, this involved the challenge of gaining access to and interviewing elites as means to explore the role of a flagship shopping mall as part of a wider urban regeneration agenda. I conclude with some recommendations on how to negotiate the unequal power relations between elites and researchers.     

冀南平原典型农业村落转型特征及成长机制

科学认识1978年改革开放以来农业村落转型过程和规律,是落实新时代乡村振兴战略的关键环节.本文以河北省邢台市宁晋县历城村为例,通过田野调查,从聚落空间、经济形态、社会生活三个维度,探讨了1978年改革开放以来冀南平原农业村落转型特征与成长机制.研究表明:①农业村落建设用地规模显著增加,住宅用地不断扩展,工业用地沿村落边...     

中国耕地价值重建方法与案例研究

耕地不断流失的根本原因在于耕地农业利用的比较收益低下,所以建立耕地保护机制的主要途径在于：一方面提高耕地利用的比较收益,另一方面通过提高耕地征用的价值补偿来抑制乱占耕地行为。这两条途径归结于重建耕地资源的价值。本文提出耕地资源具有经济产出价值、生态服务价值和社会保障价值,并尝试用市场价格分别加以评估。耕地资源的经济产出价值为耕地年收益与贴现率之商,生态服务价值为耕地生态服务年价值与贴现率之商,社会保障价值是耕地提供的养老保险和就业保障价值之和。分别选择广东省潮安县、河南省淮阳县和甘肃省会宁县三个县作为案例的评价,以显示我国东、中、西部之间的区域差异。结果表明：耕地资源价值量在各地区之间呈现东高西低的差异;在耕地资源价值构成中,社会保障价值在三个案例区都占60%以上,但所占比重从东到西渐增,说明农民对耕地资源的依赖程度与社会经济发展水平呈反相关。耕地资源的经济产出价值在总价值中所占比重则从东到西递减,主要源于自然和经济生产率的差异。生态服务价值所占比重也表现出东低西高的特点,反映出生态系统从复杂到简单的变化使得农田生态系统对于西部地区生态环境显得更加重要。农业用地为社会提供了大量外部效益,这可成为实行农业补贴的一大理由,也是计算补贴量的一种依据;更可作为提高征地补偿标准的依据。在我国现阶段,耕地是大多数农民赖以生存的主要资源,在农村社会保障体系不完善甚至不存在的情况下,耕地的社会保障功能不可忽视。     

Identifying Environmental and Natural Resource Management Conflict Potential Using Participatory Mapping

Methods have been proposed for identifying land use conflict potential using participatory mapping data and models. In a case study from Finland, we extend conflict mapping research by evaluating the capacity for participatory mapping to identify conflict for land uses that include mining, tourism development, commercial forestry, recreation, and nature protection. We evaluated two conflict models using reference sites where conflict was expected and assessed whether conflict potential was influenced by participant social group (resident, visitor, holiday home owner). The conflict models correctly identified the locations of current and proposed mining projects and major tourism locations (ski areas) in the region, while conflict for commercial forestry and reindeer herding was spatially distributed. Preferences for land use by social group were more similar than different across the study region. Identification of conflict potential using participatory mapping can provide a useful planning diagnostic but would benefit from additional research for validation.     

Redevelopment and Conservation in the Built Fabric of Post-Socialist St. Petersburg

This field-based case study examines recent changes in the built fabric of St. Petersburg, its urban planning system, and conservation management. The integral and highly regulated historical center, an important component of St. Petersburg's cultural landscape, has become a ground for (re)development and hence controversy. This study argues that mainly post-socialist forces (specifically, a persistent influence of the Soviet planning tradition combined with current entrepreneurial practices) have led to the current transformation of the built fabric of St. Petersburg. An examination of the processes underlying this transformation reveals that St. Petersburg is experiencing a sharpening dilemma between (re)development and conservation.     

中国典型农区县域社会不平等空间模式与地域差异——以河南省为例

以河南省为例,从社会剥夺视角系统检测了传统农区粮食连增背景下县域社会不平等空间模式、地域差异及形成机制。结果表明：河南省县域社会不平等强度整体较高,社会发展水平呈西高东低格局,总体上形成核心—边缘半环形空间结构。河南省县域社会不平等地域差异特征显著,中原城市群社会发展水平最高,但县区间差距最大;豫东地区县域社会发展呈较低水平空间均衡,粮食主产县区的“粮财倒挂”和“粮食与民生倒挂”现象并存;农村县域社会发展水平显著滞后于城市辖区,但其县区间差距更大,约为城市辖区的2倍。河南省县域社会不平等空间格局受区域经济发展、社会政策、空间战略及历史发展路径依赖等因素共同影响,有着显著社会经济综合转型的结构性特征。     

Process and cause of urban-rural development transformation in the Bohai Rim Region,China

China＇s reform and opening-up policy has brought the country a great development opportunity. The high-speed growth of the economy not only led China to a period of industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization, but also exacerbated the situation of the urban–rural dual structure. Based on the review of current studies, we first used the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method to evaluate the urban–rural development and transformation level by population transformation index, land transformation index, industrial transformation index and social transformation index between 1996 and 2012 around the Bohai Rim Region. Then, based on the results of each index, we used the exploratory spatial data analysis（ESDA） method to investigate the spatial autocorrelation of the change in the urban–rural development transformation index during the 16-year period using Global Moran＇s I index and Local Moran＇s I index. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of change of the urban–rural development transformation index at county level, summarizing five main factors：（1） the radiation from the surrounding big cities,（2） the acceleration of the urbanization process,（3） the upgrading of the industrial structure,（4） the publishing and implementation of a macro development strategy and regional policy, and（5） natural factors such as topology.     

农用地集约利用变化与经济增长的动态计量分析——以新疆拜城县为例

农用地集约利用程度直接关系到区域土地的可持续利用,与区域社会经济发展密切相关,科学量化评价农用地集约利用变化过程及其与经济增长之间的动态关系,对于农业可持续发展有着重要的意义。利用新疆拜城县1978-2010年时间序列数据,通过构建农用地集约利用评价指标体系,在对原始数据进行标准化的基础上,采用熵值法确定各指标权重,利用多因素综合评分法对历年农用地集约利用水平进行测度与分析,然后利用协整检验、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应函数及方差分解模型考察农用地集约利用指数与农民人均纯收入水平之间的内在联系。研究发现：改革开放以来,拜城县的农用地集约利用水平逐步提高,农用地投入强度、利用程度、产出效率和持续状况对农用地集约利用水平的贡献率呈现出各自的变化特征。农用地集约利用指数是农民人均纯收入水平的格兰杰原因,而农民人均纯收入水平不是农用地集约利用指数的格兰杰原因,脉冲响应和方差分解的结果表明,随着农用地集约利用指数的提高,农民人均纯收入水平将不断加强。     

Participatory video in geographic research: a feminist practice of looking?

This paper explores how participatory video – a methodology increasingly used in community development and anthropological research – may enable a feminist practice of looking which does not perpetuate hierarchical power relations and create voyeuristic, distanced and disembodied claims to knowledge. I reflect on experiences from a participatory video project with members of a Maaori tribe in Aotearoa New Zealand in light of geographers' uses of video to date. I argue that participatory video, if used within carefully negotiated relationships, has potential to destabilize hierarchical power relations and create spaces for transformation by providing a practice of looking 'alongside' rather than 'at' research subjects.     

NEOTRADITIONAL DEVELOPMENTS: THE ANATOMY OF A NEW URBAN FORM

Built at a small scale and incorporating many features of certain old-city neighborhoods, such as narrow streets and small setbacks, neotraditional developments have been designed by architects and built by a small number of developers on suburban greenfield sites since the early 1980s. The distinctive neotraditional urban form represents the convergence of certain aspects of two planning traditions—urban aesthetics and social utopianism. In this paper I outline the two traditions and show how they have been selectively appropriated by neotraditional architects and planners. I suggest that the recent restructuring and fragmentation in the suburban housing market has led to the creation of niche markets, such as the market for neotraditionalism. Using Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, I argue that the commercial success of neotraditional developments can be explained when recognition is given to the role of relatively affluent house buyers intent on creating a habitus and appropriating symbolic capital. Habitus is defined as the system of values, dispositions, and practices that constitute and are constituted by a societal group.     

黄淮海典型地区村域转型发展的特征与机理

村域是中国农村社会经济活动的基本单元,开展村域发展综合研究具有重要的理论和实践价值。本文基于对黄淮海平原3 个典型县区内5 个代表性村域在过去30 年的发展历程及影响因素的系统考察,探讨传统农区农业型村域转型发展的过程特征与内在机理。研究发现:① 在经济基础、人力资本和社会资本等内源性影响因素以及制度安排、市场需求和专业技术等外源性影响因素的综合作用下,案例村域大致经历了缓慢发展、逐渐起步、转型发展3 个阶段。② 案例村域转型发展过程的共性特征包括:重视民众参与;以能人为关键主体,着力实现内发动力与外发动力的统筹协调;日益重视抢占产业价值链的高附加值环节;创新是村域发展的力量源泉;战略、规划及行动力是村域发展的重要支撑;村域发展是一个自组织、网络化的动态过程。③ 其内在机理可归纳为:村民是村域发展的主体,能人是村域发展的核心因素,能人基于对村域自身资源禀赋、发展意愿、市场供需、政策导向、外域经验的洞察,着力激发内部动力、整合外部动力,共同构建协作组织、开展学习创新、制定发展战略、发展社会分工、参与市场竞争,切实推进村域自然—生态结构、技术—经济结构、制度—社会结构的优化,进而促进村域转型发展。在工业化、城镇化快速推进的新时期,为加速传统农区的村域转型发展和城乡一体化,应注重村域生产体系和城镇生产体系的要素融通、信息互享、产业融合、功能互补。     

Impacts of Non-farm Employment of Rural Laborers on Agricultural Land Use: Theoretical Analysis and Its Policy Implications

During rapid urbanization and industrialization process, non-farm employment of rural laborers has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in rural areas of China and become an important driving factor for changes in agricultural land use. This article attempts to theoretically analyze the impacts of non-farm employment of rural laborers on agricultural land use based on economic frameworks. As rational agents, farmers aim to maximize their income and follow equilibrium principles when they decide how to allocate their labor forces (or working time) in two departments (farm and non-farm) and how to use their agricultural land with different quality and location. The income earned by non-farm employment is higher, and there exists a comparative advantage between labors, as a result the quantity and quality of labor input in agricultural land use decreases. With the limitation of labor input during agricultural land use decision-making of farm households, on the one hand, land with higher quality is still utilized by farmers. On the other hand, poor quality land will be less well managed and is more likely to be abandoned. Non-farm employment of rural laborers and the rising of opportunity costs will result in abandonment of poor quality land, and great importance should be attached to this by policy makers.     

基于多源数据的乡村功能空间特征及其权衡协同关系度量

本研究基于土地利用、兴趣点、社会经济统计等数据,从乡镇尺度揭示了北京生态涵养区经济发展、农产品生产、社会保障、生态服务、旅游休闲以及综合功能的空间特征,并运用Spearman秩相关分析、生产可能性边界（PPF）、权衡强度指数等定量探讨了多功能间的权衡-协同关系及其权衡程度。结果表明：① 经济发展、社会保障和休闲旅游功能的空间格局相似;生态服务功能与经济发展、社会保障和农产品生产功能的空间格局基本相逆。② 经济发展与农产品生产/社会保障功能为显著协同关系;经济发展/农产品生产/社会保障与生态服务功能为显著权衡关系。③ 按照“‘权衡强度越小,功能间共生发展’‘权衡强度越大,最多发展一种功能’”的思路,以追求乡村功能组合的综合效益最大化为目标,将生态涵养区划分为I（4种功能共生）、II（3种功能共生）、III（2种功能共生）和IV（单一功能发展）4种类型区。研究结果将为区域乡村振兴规划编制提供参考,为乡村功能协同发展路径设计提供技术支撑。     

1990~2013年河南省县域人口、经济和粮食生产重心的迁移轨迹与耦合特征——兼议与社会剥夺的关系

基于社会剥夺理论,利用重心计算及空间耦合分析模型,研究了1990~2013年河南省县域人口重心、经济重心、粮食生产重心动态迁移及其空间耦合,并探讨其与社会发展水平之间的关系。结果表明：23 a来河南省经济、人口及粮食生产重心均在省域几何重心北部变动,空间错位格局日趋显著,变动一致性波动剧烈;2000年前人口重心与粮食重心耦合度较高,2000年后粮食重心与经济重心明显呈东南-西北路径背向偏离,粮食生产对经济重心迁移的影响持续下降,而人口重心与经济重心耦合度逐步提升;传统农区社会发展严重滞后于经济增长水平,粮食主产县区的“粮食与民生倒挂”特征显著。     

Governing cities through participation—a Foucauldian analysis of CityPlan Vancouver

In 1995 Vancouver City Council approved new policy guidelines for future urban development that departed from the traditional model of suburban growth, instead prioritizing urban intensification. Theoretically guided by the Foucauldian governmentality approach, I argue in this paper that this shift towards intensification can be understood through an analysis of Vancouver’s extensive participatory planning process known as CityPlan. Created as an answer to conflicts around the intensification of historically evolved urban neighbourhoods, CityPlan Vancouver exemplifies a specific form of urban governance that has been understudied in geography and participation research: a governance consisting of conducting the conduct of citizens through participatory processes. The paper examines this “governing through participation” by carrying out a microanalysis of the problematizations, rationalities, and technologies of CityPlan. Such an analysis differs significantly from an evaluation of participatory planning processes against normative ideals, and thus enriches critical research on participation in urban governance.     

Urban Pulse—(RE)Making Space for Globalization in Istanbul

This paper provides critical reflections on the urban transformation campaign launched by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) as part and parcel of its ambitions to upgrade Istanbul to "world city" status. I focus on two main aspects of "urban transformation" in Istanbul: prestige mega-projects and (re)development of informal housing areas, with particular emphasis on the latter. I examine how poor residents' livelihoods are put at stake in spite of the IMM's claim that "urban transformation" is ultimately beneficial for all citizens. I conclude with the unique policy challenges that the local governments face in developing participatory models for urban renewal and regeneration in Istanbul.     

人文地理研究回顾与展望——庆贺中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所成立60周年

人文地理学是地理学的重要分支学科,是区域地理研究不可或缺的重要方面。中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）人文地理研究一直坚持稳定的学科方向,具有紧密围绕国家战略需求的时代特征,聚焦不同历史时期东北区域发展重大问题,区域研究特色突出。东北地理所建所60 a来在农业和工业发展与布局、城镇化与城市发展、区域可持续发展、区域综合发展规划等方面开展了大量的应用与基础研究,取得了丰硕的科研成果,为东北地区经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。面向未来学科发展趋势和国家战略需求,东北地理所人文地理研究仍要围绕东北老工业基地振兴与可持续发展这条主线,重点研究现代农业与乡村振兴、新型城镇化与城市转型、产业结构调整与优化布局、国土空间规划与区域治理、跨境区域开发与经济合作、资源环境与区域可持续发展等重大问题,探索东北老工业基地人地关系地域系统演变规律,发扬人文地理研究特色,创新理论与方法,加强学科队伍建设,提升为国家经济社会发展服务的能力和水平。