喷流吸积与小行星的形成

前文论述了我们对小行星起源的基本观点,即小行星区的初始物理-化学条件导致该区星子生长慢、可吸积物质被转移到木星区,因而星子生长停顿于“半成品”状态,不能形成大行星,而只能形成小行星.本文利用前文得出的星云盘条件和引力不稳定性公式,把由引力不稳定性所形成的环体作为“喷流”,用喷流吸积理论计算星子的生长,讨论可吸积物质转移问题,给我们的基本观点作了进一步的论证.     

对2007年5月23日的一个CME的起源和初始阶段的观测研究

利用多波段联合观测数据,综合分析研究了一个发生于2007年5月23日的日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection,CME)爆发事件的起源和初始阶段的物理演化过程.该CME起源于活动区10956内的一个并没有严格地位于活动区极性反转线上的U形活动区暗条,该暗条首先被扰动,然后从中间部分开始缓慢上升.在暗条上升运动过程中,从极紫外和软X射线像上可观测到位于暗条上方的日冕磁环也在不断地上升并且有持续向外的扩张运动.最终,这些冕环和暗条一起爆发并伴随着一个位于暗条断开位置附近的日冕暗化区域的形成.这一爆发过程还伴随着一个静止轨道业务卫星(GeostationaryOperational Environmental Satellites,GOES)软X射线流量级别为B5.3的亚耀斑发生,该光斑显示出与CME之间具有在时间和空间上的紧密联系.与CME的"标准"磁流绳模型一致,这些太阳表面活动可以看作是CME的初始演化阶段在日面上的表现信号,并且该CME的亮前锋可能是由预先存在于暗条上方的冕环体系直接演化而来.另外,文中还讨论了与该事件相关的暗条爆发、耀斑、冕环扩张和消失以及日冕暗化之间的关系.     

食双星RT CrB测光畸变波的黑子模拟及黑子参数的微分改正解

本文将1983年版的Wilson-Devinney方法程序,扩展到包含黑子参数的微分改正解,并提出黑子纬度的网络测定方法,由此,对RS CVn型食双星RT CrB的食外测光扰动波,进行了黑子模拟解,得出其次子星上两个黑子的位置,大小和温度,其理论光变曲线能较好地重现畸变波的观测特征。作者对黑子模型参数微分改正解的收敛性问题和不定性问题进行了初步讨论。     

三维旋涡星系的动力学研究

在三维对数螺线型密度扰动的引力Poisson方程严格解基础上,导出了对称平面(z=0)上三维混合盘密度波的色散关系,并以此讨论了对于不同类型扰动盘的局域稳定性,同时还计算了盘面上密度波的群速度．数值计算表明对数螺线型密度扰动,能比较好地满足扰动密度与扰动势反相位的关系;厚度和旋臂数目的增加有利于盘的稳定,而气体成分将导致盘不稳定;考虑厚度效应,银河系密度波传播的动力学时标与Toomre估计的数值相比将大大延长,至少需要4．17×109年,约占宇宙年龄的三分之一,从而可使以往密度波理论中得出的群速度太大的问题得到缓解．     

太阳频率漂移的扰动层位置的变化

太阳p模频率随太阳磁活动的变化被称为频率漂移.频率漂移被认为是起源于太阳近表面的一个薄层受到的扰动.利用磁活动指数和太阳模型来计算频率漂移的方法之前已经建立起来了.在这种方法中,频率漂移值依赖于磁活动强度和扰动源位置.磁活动强度正比于磁活动指数.扰动源的位置之前被认为是固定的.研究了扰动源位置的变化.利用观测的太阳p模震动频率和Ca II指数,发现了扰动源的位置可能是随着太阳磁活动而变化的.在太阳活动极大时,扰动源位置较深,而在太阳活动极小时,扰动源位置较浅.     

慢磁声波在黑子上方冕环中的传播

太阳动力学观测站(Solar Dynamics Observatory,SDO)装载的太阳大气成像系统(Atmospheric Imaging Assembly,AIA)通过3个极紫外波段(171 (A)、193 (A)和211 (A))的观测资料展现了太阳活动区(AR11092)扇形冕环微弱的扰动传播,这种波动现象普遍存在于活动区冕环.该扰动传播起源于明亮的环足处,其传播沿冕环方向.冕环中观测到的扰动传播速度随温度升高而减小,速度范围是40～121 km/s,其值接近且小于声速.考虑投影效应以及环与视线方向的倾角大小,这正好是慢波模型所预期的.冕环的扰动周期在不同波段(3个极紫外波段)没有明显的区别,都存在3 min以及10多分钟的周期.此外,不仅仅冕环扰动表现出3 min左右的周期,色球层的黑子区域同样存在相同的振荡周期.这个结果表明黑子振荡是可以穿过色球以及过渡区到达日冕的.     

有流动情况下等离子体柱的扭折不稳定性

本文从磁流力学理论出发,研究了有流动情况下等离子体柱的扭折不稳定性线性理论,并以所导出的色散方程计算色散曲线,从而估计速度因子在线性不稳定性理论中所起的作用。本文发现流体的流动与磁场环向分量H_(eφ)一样是一个不稳定因子,随着流动速度的出现和增加,不稳定性增长率会提高几倍至几十倍,发生不稳定的波长范围会扩大.在速度较大的情况下,对短波扰动,m=0,m=1模几乎会同时出现。最后,用本文计算结果对太阳大气中出现的几个典型事例,进行了简单的定性解释。     

三轴小行星光变曲线的理论计算

本文提出了一种三轴小行星光变曲线理论计算的新方法.文中采用三轴椭球形小行星模型,仅考虑自由惯性转动,直接从刚体自由转动的欧拉方程出发进行数值计算,得到了三轴小行星的自转轴在本体内部和空间的位置变化和计算光变曲线.结果表明,历来在小行星光变理论研究中认为自转轴在空间指向不变的基本假设是不尽合理的。由不规则小行星的自由转动而引起它的自转轴位置的变化,是造成小行星实测光变曲线与理论光变曲线之间存在偏差的不可忽视的因素.     

密度波理论中星系激波的时间演化

密度波理论中星系激波的解大都假设为局部的,并且往往不考虑星际气体自引力的影响。本文取消了上述两个假设条件,求解了二维不定常气体动力学方程组,其中包括了星际气体的自引力效应。研究了在外加扰动螺旋引力场的作用下,轴对称气体盘中星系激波的形成过程。得到了星系激波的运动和密度分布特征。与非自洽的局部激波解相比,两者的定性特征相似,但定量结果有较大差别。计算表明,星系激波宏图的图样速度随时间和空间而变化,变化的大小甚致超过了外加密度波的图样速度。形成星系激波的特征时间约为5×10~8年。由于激波宏图与外加密度波宏图的相对缠卷,难于维持准稳恒的星系密度波,但每一具体时刻仍有大尺度的星系激波宏图。     

用粒子模拟方法研究离子声波

<正>向传播朗缪尔波被离子声波散射是太阳射电Ⅲ型暴基波和谐波激发的重要过程.使用粒子模拟方法对电子束流激发朗缪尔波的过程进行了模拟,同时对产生的反向朗缪尔波、朗缪尔波2次谐波和朗缪尔波通过非线性过程产生的离子声波的性质进行了分析研究.为了更好地研究离子声波,模拟时单独计算了由离子扰动引起的电场.模拟计算了不同初始参数下产生的离子声波强度,发现离子的温度和质量对离子声波的产生有重要作用,验证了反向朗缪尔波与离子声波的相关性.同时在模拟中验证了朗缪尔波的衰变过程,确认了离子声波对反向朗缪尔波的放大作用.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.