南阳淅川喀斯特地貌区地震记录特征

分析河南测震台网记录的南阳淅川喀斯特地貌地区地震波形特征,从初动方向、AS/AP振幅比、反射波PmP与Pg到时差、直达波Pg视速度,与河南省汝阳矿区工程爆破记录波形进行对比分析,发现二者波形特征较为相似,但喀斯特地貌地区地震仍具有典型地震特征,如:初动方向呈四象限分布,振幅比远大于3,反射波记录较弱,Pg波视速度较高。     

遥测地震台网对人工爆破与天然地震的判定

总结了人工爆破与天然地震的区别和记录特征.在对模拟遥测地震台网直观、定性判定爆破的基础上提出结合用S波与P波的振幅比值(As/Ap)和视速度V这两项量化指标进行定性与定量相结合判别.并按照这一思路成功判定了在2004年4月至5月中的一次密集人工爆破群.     

长春龙嘉堡矿震事件的判定

首先将龙嘉堡事件的波形记录,与该地区构造地震和人工爆破的记录进行对比,根据其记录波形的周期、振幅、初动和面波等直观特征判断为矿山地震。然后通过频谱分析、视速度计算以及实地考察得到进一步证实。     

黑龙江鸡西地区一维速度模型

根据鸡西地震台网6个地震台记录的113个爆破S波和P波的到时差数据,和1979年牡丹江爆破数据给出的3个远台10个S波和P波的到时差数据,利用网格搜索法,得到鸡西地区一维P波和S波速度模型,并应用于爆破定位,定位精度有较大提高。     

上海及其邻近地区三维地壳结构层析成像

利用上海及其邻近地区地震台网的地震记录及人工爆破资料,采用地震层析成像方法反演研究区地壳三维P波、S波速度结构模型。成像结果表明:不同深度的P波、S波速度扰动呈北西向展布特征;地震大多数分布在低速区的块体内,说明地震不仅与断裂活动有关,有可能还与物质结构和性质有关;上海及其邻近地区上地壳速度结构,断裂活动和物质性质三者之间存在密切关系。     

乌鲁木齐附近地区小爆破识别判据的研究

采用新疆乌鲁木齐地区多个地震台的位移仪及速度仪记录，探讨了人工小爆破记录与天然地震记录的差异及其识别判据。结果发现，爆破记录与地震记录在震相、P波垂直向初动符号分布、振幅衰减、振幅比As^-/Ap^-等方面具有不同的特征，据此我们制定出了识别爆破的单项判据和综合判据。     

广东地区地震与爆破事件识别方法研究

基于广东省数字遥测地震台网的天然地震动记录与人工爆破记录资料,采用直观快速识别的时域多指标对比分析方法,选取事件发震时间、波形震相特征、P波初动方向、P波和S波振幅比等多个时域判据,对广东省的天然地震和人工爆破事件进行识别和对比分析。结果表明,P波最大振幅与S波最大振幅的比值是识别天然地震和人工爆破较为有效的特征参数,P波初动方向可作为辅助识别依据。研究结果可为省地震台网天然地震和人工爆破事件的识别工作提供参考依据。     

宁夏及邻区异常低视应力“地震事件”的发现及研究

计算宁夏及邻区一些中小"地震事件"视应力,发现与同震级事件相比,视应力成倍降低。结合这些异常事件的发生时刻和所在位置等,初步判定其为疑似爆破事件。进一步利用P波初动方向、波形互相关特征和不同频带能量比值等方法,发现异常事件P波垂直向初动均向上,同一台站记录的同一区域的不同异常事件波形相关系数较大,异常事件波形低频信号比较发育,应该是爆破事件。     

玉树地区波速比和视速度变化特征研究

利用青海数字地震台网观测数据,采用多台和达法,研究了2009年1月1日至2012年12月31日玉树7.1级地震震中附近地区及其前后直达波波速比和视速度分布特征,结果显示:1该区平均波速比为1.693,平均P波视速度为6.184 km/s,平均S波视速度为3.652 km/s。2研究发现玉树7.1级地震前后波速比和视速度存在变化,表现为主震前几次地震的P波视速度存在低值现象。     

乌兰浩特地震台典型地震事件震相特征分析

选取乌兰浩特地震台记录到的典型天然地震事件及爆破事件,根据断裂带分布及波形记录特征,分析地震及爆破事件的震相特征。结果表明,研究区域近震波形Pn、Pg、Sn、Sg震相及Sm面波较清晰,Pg、Sg波走时差一般不大于23 s,与中国地震台网中心发布的M_S震级间的偏差一般小于0.6级;远震P、S、pP、sP震相可较清晰识别,Pm、L面波记录较明显,P、S波走时差一般不小于25 s,震级偏差一般小于0.4级,且通过震相特征及实地考察发现,爆破多为霍林郭勒区域爆破事件。     

行波效应对大跨度空间结构随机地震响应的影响

深入研究了行波效应对大跨度空间结构随机地震响应的影响,进一步完善了大跨度空间结构随机地震响应分析理论。推导了双支座、单自由度体系地震响应功率谱密度函数的解析表达式,研究了不同频率体系的响应峰值随地面视波速的变化规律,分析了多支撑点、多自由度体系的地震响应功率谱矩阵的特点,发现多自由度体系地震响应随地面视波速的变化规律与单自由度体系相似。数值模拟了某体育馆网壳结构在不同地面视波速情况下的随机地震响应,结果表明,考虑地震动行波效应后,结构地震响应随地面视波速的变化而显著变化,当视波速较低时其变化规律很复杂;且支撑点附近、受拟静力位移影响较大的部分杆件的地震响应明显增大,远离支撑点处、受拟静力位移影响较小的部分杆件的地震响应稍有减小。由此得出结论,对于大跨度空间结构的随机地震响应分析,必须考虑地震动的行波效应,尤其当受拟静力位移影响较大的部分杆件对结构抗震设计起控制作用时;且应对可能出现的地面视波速进行全面分析,作为结构抗震设计依据。     

Comparison of source parameters estimated in the frequency and time domains for seismic events at the Rudna copper mine,Poland

Source parameters estimated in the frequency domain for 100 selected seismic events from the Rudna copper mine, with moment magnitude ranging from 1.4 to 3.6, were collected to study their scaling relations and to compare them with the parameters estimated in the time domain. The apparent stress and static stress drop, corrected for the limited bandwidth recording, increase slightly in a similar manner with increasing seismic moment. The ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop, a measure of radiation efficiency, is practically constant and its mean value is close to 0.1. For 37 seismic events, with moment magnitude between 1.9 and 3.4, source parameters were estimated in the time domain from relative source time functions, that displayed unilateral rupture propagation, and their rupture velocity could be estimated. It ranges from 0.23 to 0.80 of shear wave velocity and is almost independent of seismic moment. The fault length, estimated from the average source pulse width and rupture velocity, is clearly dependent on seismic moment and is smaller than the source radius estimated from the corner frequency on the average by about 25 percent. There is no correlation between the values of static stress drop estimated in the frequency and time domains, but the time domain stress drop is in general similar to that estimated in the frequency domain. The apparent stress increases with increasing rupture velocity, and the ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop seems also to depend on rupture velocity.     

变质岩区地震波速度的特点及其影响因素--以中国大陆科学钻探孔区为例

地震波速度是地震勘探中最重要的一个参数，而VSP测量是一种比较直接且行之有效的获取地震波速度的方法。文中结合中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导孔和先导孔的VSP速度分析成果，总结超高压变质岩地区地震波速度的主要特征；探讨影响变质岩地震波速度的因素。认为除密度和岩性外，变质作用的类型和强度是决定性因素，而变质期后和／或后期的各种构造地质作用对变质岩地震波速度的影响是显著的，但范围常常又是局部的。     

计算地震初至波视出射角方法

在理论上证明了使用地震初至波位移、速度或加速度记录资料在时间域或频率域计算视出射角,使视出射角计算不受位移记录及时间域限制。在干扰信号频率段与有效信号频率段存在差异时分别在时间域和频率域进行了视出射角计算,结果表明在频率域中得到的视出射角基本与理论值相符,与方位角无关;而在时间域中获得的视出射角与理论值波动很大。应用实际地震波记录资料计算了不同台站的视出射角,其结果同样表明在频率域中获得的视出射角比时间域视出射角更加稳定和可信。     

Measurements of translation, rotation and strain: new approaches to seismic processing and inversion

We propose a novel approach to seismic tomography based on the joint processing of translation, strain and rotation measurements. Our concept is based on the apparent S and P velocities, defined as the ratios of displacement velocity and rotation amplitude, and displacement velocity and divergence amplitude, respectively. To assess the capability of these new observables to constrain various aspects of 3D Earth structure, we study their corresponding finite-frequency kernels, computed with a combination of spectral-element simulations and adjoint techniques. The principal conclusion is that both the apparent S and P velocities are generally sensitive only to small-scale near-receiver structure, irrespective of the type of seismic wave considered. It follows that knowledge of deeper Earth structure would not be required in tomographic inversions for local structure based on the new observables. In a synthetic finite-perturbation test, we confirm the ability of the apparent S and P velocities to directly detect both the location and the sign of shallow lateral velocity variations.     

Analysis on influence of seismic travelling wave effect on semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge

Introduction The methods of enhancing ability of bridge to resist earthquake disaster can be divided into two aspects. One is enhancing the resisting earthquake ability from the designing ways; the other is adding control devices on the existing structures to effectively control the seismic responses of bridge from the vibration control ways. The great progress has been made in structure control technique in the last years. It has the advantages of security, validity, economical and wide appli…     

行波效应对大跨刚构连续桥梁半主动控制影响分析

给出了地震动行波输入下大跨刚构连续桥梁的半主动控制分析方法,在桥梁支座部位设置磁流变阻尼器,对一座五跨刚构连续桥梁进行了不同视波速行波输入下的半主动控制计算分析. 结果表明,行波效应对该大跨刚构连续桥梁的无控制地震反应、半主动控制地震反应和减震效果均有显著影响,对主梁和桥墩均会在较低视波速地震行波输入时表现出不利影响,并且使半主动控制减震效果明显降低. 因此,在确定半主动控制系统的参数时应考虑地震行波效应的影响以确保控震效果.      

Explosion quakes at Stromboli (Italy)

This paper reports the results of two seismic experiments aimed at determining the wave field of explosion quakes at Stromboli Island (Mediterranean Sea, Southern Italy). The typical Strombolian activity mostly consists of explosive phenomena causing pyroclastic, materials to be emitted together with jets of volcanic gases from one or more craters. Stromboli is an active volcano characterized by persistent seismic activity consisting of explosion quakes that are seismic events associated with the explosive volcanic phenomena. Explosion quakes are short lived seismic events occurring intermittently whose amplitude tends to decrease with distance from the vent. A distinctive feature of explosion quakes is the presence on seismograms of two, often clearly distinct, seismic phases. The first, low-frequency seismic phase (<2 Hz) is in fact usually followed by a high-frequency seismic phase (>3–4 Hz) after one second or more. The first seismic phase of explosion quakes has been shown to be characterized by a nearly radial linear polarization and by an apparent propagation velocity estimated at 600–800 m/s. The second phase is characterized by a more chaotic motion and a lower apparent propagation velocity of 150–450 m/s. The wavefield associated with the first low-frequency seismic phase appears to be generated by a resonating P-wave seismic source accompanying gas explosion and emission of pyroclastic materials. The wavefield associated with the second high-frequency seismic phase of explosion quakes appears to be mainly composed of scattered and converted waves due to the critical topography of the volcano.     

Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in China sedimentary basins

The integrated study of the geological and seismic reflection data from the drilling area of CCSD has discovered that the density and the P-wave velocity of orthogneiss are almost the same as that of the paragneiss in the area; but the orthogneiss and the paragneiss hold different reflection attributes. The strong seismic reflector packes coinciding spatially with the paragneiss suites have implied that the paragneiss buried in the metamorphic crust itself can cause bone-like seismic reflector sets. The P-wave velocity of paragneiss shows little apparent difference with that of the orthogneiss; but its transverse wave velocity is lower, with the Vp/Vs ratios being high. The paragneiss has partially inherited the layering structures and textures of the protolithe of sedimentary rocks, hence shows strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, that is why the paragneiss are able to produce the bone-like reflectors in the upper crust. The low transverse wave velocity of paragneiss often means weak shear resistance, which will further cause cracks or fractures in the rock, consequentially increase its porosity and permeability during tectonic movements, and form the paragneiss reservoirs of low-permeability zones for gases uplifted from the deeper crust. Because the paragneiss in the crustal metamorphic basement can cause the seismic reflectors, seismic reflection sections are able to provide information about the paragneiss under certain prerequisites.