活化沸石除铵及其动力学过程研究

对新型水处理材料活化沸石去除水中氨氮的各项性能进行了研究。单因素影响试验表明,沸石用量、粒径、溶液温度、浓度、pH值及吸附时间对去除效果有重要影响。据此确定了最佳静态试验条件,在该条件下,活化沸石对水中的氨氮有较好的去除效果,可将生活污水中的120 mg/L氨氮降到40 mg/L。动态小试确定了小试设备的工艺参数,该处理设备在实际运行过程中,吸附周期为64 h,处理效果良好。动力学研究表明,活化沸石除铵是离子交换与吸附两种行为共同作用的结果,该过程符合Freundlich等温式,动力学方程可用一级反应来描述。     

天然斜发沸石吸附去除水中氨氮机理研究

采用天然斜发沸石吸附去除水中氨氮,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和X荧光光谱(XRF)分析沸石的物相组成和化学成分。通过批试验考察p H、氨氮初始浓度和温度对沸石吸附氨氮的影响,通过吸附等温线、吸附热力学和吸附动力学的研究探讨天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮的机理。溶液p H=8时沸石对氨氮的吸附效果最佳。Freundlich吸附等温线较Langmuir能更准确描述天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮的过程,该吸附过程属优惠吸附。对吸附热力学参数计算得到吉布斯自由能变ΔG~00,熵变ΔH~00,说明天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮是自发的吸热过程;熵变ΔS~00说明氨氮在沸石上的分布较在水溶液中的分布倾向无序。吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,且随着氨氮初始浓度的增大,吸附反应的优惠程度降低。运用颗粒内扩散模型对实验数据的拟合结果表明吸附过程分为两个阶段:前30分钟主要是外表面吸附,30分钟后主要是颗粒内扩散。     

改性红辉沸石去除水溶液中氨氮的初步研究

文章研究了采用酸、碱、盐改性红辉沸石和加热活化红辉沸石对改性红辉沸石去除水溶液中氨氮的影响效果。实验结果表明：（1）用红辉沸石去除溶液中氨氮的实验条件选择如下：1搅拌时间为30min;2沸石粒度为40～60目;3沸石用量为2g;4氯化氨溶液浓度为40mg/L;5氯化氨溶液用量为80ml。（2）采用高温活化对提高红辉沸石去除氨氮效率的作用不明显。（3）酸和碱改性对提高红辉沸石去除氨氮的效率有一定的作用,其中盐酸改性的红辉沸石去除氨氮效率为16.2%,硫酸改性的红辉沸石去除氨氮效率为13.1%,碱改性的红辉沸石去除氨氮效率为25.6%。（4）盐改性对红辉沸石去除水溶液中氨氮的影响效果巨大：经盐改性后,去除率由9.6%升高至72.6%。     

河道污染治理技术-- 生物接触氧化填料研究

选择不同填料对生物接触氧化法处理生活污水进行了进一步的研究与应用,探讨了温度、接触氧化停留时间等因素对其处理效果的影响。实验研究结果表明,在水温为18℃~20℃,水力负荷为70m l/m in时,采用鹅卵石和沸石的复合填料挂膜,进行生物接触氧化法处理生活污水,在降解NH3-N和氨氮等方面取得良好效果,COD、NH3-N去除率都高达80%以上。     

绿沸石基复合材料对河道水中氨氮去除效果研究

以绿沸石、硅藻土、膨润土、牡蛎壳为主要原材料,包衣机制粒后马弗炉焙烧制成绿沸石-硅藻土(GZD)、绿沸石-膨润土(GZB)、绿沸石-牡蛎壳(GZO)等3款球状氨氮吸附材料。探究造孔剂-粘结剂配比、物料配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对污水中氨氮的吸附量和材料散失率的影响,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、氨氮去除率、材料散失率试验探讨其吸附机理。并设计了简易装置,用实际河道水样对比分析了3款复合材料与块状绿沸石原矿对氨氮的吸附效果和重复利用次数,对处理效果最佳的GZD中的主要材料绿沸石和硅藻土进行了SEM和XRF表征。结果表明:GZD的氨氮吸附效果最佳,制备条件为造孔剂、粘结剂、绿沸石、硅藻土的质量比为1.2﹕5﹕9﹕1;在500℃下焙烧3 h;GZD对氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学,用Freundlich等温线比Langmuir等温线更适合描述其吸附过程;GZD对实际河道水样进行5次吸附再生后仍具有明显效果。     

黄铁矿处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的进一步实验研究

利用加热与超细粉碎方法对天然黄铁矿进行改性 ,探讨其去除 Cr( )的效果。将黄铁矿加热到 4 50℃时 ,试样除 Cr( )的效率大幅度增高 ,适宜的 p H范围从小于 2 .5增加到 3.0 6～1 1 .2 0 ,且加热改性的试样用量不到天然试样用量的 1 0 %。2 0 0目至 4 0 0目的天然黄铁矿去除 Cr( )的效率远较 2 0 0目以上的天然黄铁矿去除 Cr( )的效率高。试样久置不影响对 Cr( )的去除效果 ,去除率可达 99.2 %以上 ,反应后的 p H值都接近 4 .0 ,与磁黄铁矿处理 Cr( )废水过程中 p H值的变化规律一致。不同产地的黄铁矿样品除 Cr( )的效果稍有差异。     

赤泥与13X沸石混合使用去除废水中砷

对福建沙县钾长石粉合成的13X沸石及其与取自山东铝业公司的赤泥混合使用时除砷的效果和适宜条件进行实验。结果表明，以单一的13X沸石为吸附剂时，改变沸石用量和溶液的酸度均不能有效去除砷；赤泥和沸石混合使用时对低浓度砷（〈5mg／L）具有良好的去除效果。适宜的吸附条件为赤泥用量2g／L，沸石用量1．5g／L，pH值约为8，平衡时间1h。实验表明，赤泥在混合吸附剂除砷过程中起着重要的作用，沸石与赤泥的合理混合使用，对于含砷重金属废水处理具有重要意义。对可能的机理进行了探讨。     

片沸石、钙基膨润土去除垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验研究

以位于北京昌平小汤山的阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,在不同的环境条件下:酸度(pH=5~9),温度(4℃~30℃),利用片沸石、钙基膨润土去除垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验,以化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮为评价指标,分别探讨片沸石、钙基膨润土的COD、氨氮去除效果与其用量、渗滤液pH、温度、振荡时间的关系。研究表明,在实验条件下,片沸石对COD的最大去除量约为31×10-3,对氨氮的最大去除量约为27×10-3;去除COD、氨氮的最佳条件分别为:片沸石用量20 g/L、pH为5、温度4℃、振荡时间100 min。在实验条件下,钙基膨润土对COD的最大去除量约为63×10-3,对氨氮的最大去除量约为14×10-3;去除COD、氨氮的最佳条件分别为:钙基膨润土用量30 g/L、pH为5、温度4℃、振荡时间100 min。根据实验结果,对片沸石、钙基膨润土去除COD、氨氮的机理主要是氢键、静电作用及离子交换作用。     

低密度沸石复合填料的制备及其性能研究

以天然沸石为主要原料,水泥为粘结剂,发泡聚苯乙烯球形颗粒为内核,经复合、成球、筛分、养护,制备出粒径4~8 mm的免烧球形低密度沸石复合填料。对制备的材料进行了空隙率、表观密度、强度等性能测试。研究结果表明,制备低密度沸石复合填料的最优工艺组合条件为质量百分比沸石∶水泥=75%∶25%,自然条件下养护7~10d,此时制备的成品填料空隙率为47.4%,表观密度为1.23 g/cm3,强度为61.5 N,堆积密度为0.647 g/cm3。扫描电镜图像表明,挂膜前填料表面粗糙,内部存在大量孔隙,挂膜后表面和内部均有大量的微生物附着,与粉煤灰制备的陶粒相比,该填料挂膜微生物量提高了一倍。本研究制备的低密度沸石复合填料,用于在环境温度低于15℃下曝气生物滤池的挂膜启动运行,对氨氮的去除率达到96%,具有较好的氨氮去除效果,表明该复合填料在废水脱氮深度处理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

以改性蛭石为填料的生物流化床法处理低C /N污水的应用

以热改性蛭石为填料,提高生物流化床系统处理低C/N污水的能力。实验结果表明,经过改性的蛭石对氨氮和COD的去除效率有明显的提高,分别是天然蛭石的2.1倍和2.7倍。在热改性蛭石为填料的生物流化床系统处理低C/N污水的实验过程中,主要分析了温度、pH和DO对反应系统处理效果的影响,确定了反应器的最佳处理条件。对于氨氮质量浓度为50 mg/L、ρ(COD)为200 mg/L的原水,在温度为30℃、pH=8.0、ρ(DO)=2.0 mg/L的处理条件下,反应系统对氨氮和COD的处理效果最佳,去除率分别可达94.9%和85.7%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861