陕西岚皋早古生代地幔特征及形成机制探讨

陕西岚皋境内赋存于早古生代碱质潜火山煌斑杂岩中的“金云角闪辉石岩”捕虏体是交代地幔捕虏体。主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、角闪石、金云母、磷灰石、钙钛矿、钛铁矿及榍石,发育“三联晶”、“碎裂边”等固相线下的变质变形结构;矿物学研究表明单斜辉石富SiO_2、MgO,贫Al_2O_3、TiO_2,与寄主岩中深源单斜辉石巨晶及单斜辉石斑晶成分差别明显,形成于地幔压力范畴。角闪石和金云母具地幔交代成因的成分待点。Sm-Nd同位素的研究表明,本区交代地幔是原始地幔受来源于地幔柱     

大陆俯冲隧道板片-地幔楔界面反向流体交代作用:西阿尔卑斯造山带超高压变质白片岩的地球化学证据

前人对深俯冲板片释放熔/流体交代地幔楔形成弧岩浆源区的过程和机制已得到充分认识,然而对地幔楔岩石能否脱水交代深俯冲地壳并不清楚.在对欧洲西阿尔卑斯造山带Dora-Maira地体白片岩的地球化学研究中,首次发现地幔楔交代岩能够脱水反向交代深俯冲地壳岩石,从而极大影响俯冲地壳的地球化学组成.结合白片岩和围岩的全岩地球化学特征以及锆石学结果,查明了白片岩的原岩为S型花岗岩,澄清了关于Dora-Maira白片岩原岩属性的长期争议.在此基础上,发现白片岩中变质锆石相对残留岩浆锆石δ18O值显著降低,指示原岩形成后受到低δ18O变质流体的交代作用.白片岩具有高温岩石中最高的δ26Mg值达0.75‰,显著高于围岩变花岗岩,指示交代流体具有重Mg同位素组成.基于地球主要岩石储库的Mg同位素组成,推测交代流体来自俯冲隧道中富滑石地幔楔蛇纹岩在弧下深度的脱水分解,而这些地幔楔蛇纹岩是新特提斯洋壳在弧前深度变质脱水产生的流体与地幔楔浅部橄榄岩反应形成.这些结果不仅提供了利用Mg-O同位素示踪俯冲隧道中流体来源的新思路,也提供了地幔楔蛇纹岩来源流体反向交代深俯冲地壳岩石的首个典型实例.这种反向交代不仅极大改变了深俯冲地壳的地球化学组成,而且对弧岩浆岩重Mg同位素成因具有重要意义.      

湖南香花岭锡铍多金属矿区的含Li、Be条纹岩和有关交代岩

湖南香花岭锡铍多金属矿床的含Li、Be条纹岩和有关交代岩,在世界上独一无二,产于燕山期(155~154 Ma)富氟花岗岩接触带及岩体的围岩捕掳体中,围岩为中上泥盆统灰岩和白云质灰岩。按矿物共生组合特征,条纹岩可大致分为铁锂云母条纹岩、氟硼镁石条纹岩、金绿宝石条纹岩、粒硅镁石-磁铁矿条纹岩和金云母-绿泥石条纹岩5类。与条纹岩有关的交代岩生成稍晚,可大致分为香花石交代岩、金云母交代岩、粒硅镁石交代岩、符山石-磁铁矿交代岩、金云母-绿泥石交代岩和韭闪石交代岩6类。文章对条纹岩和有关交代岩的生成地质背景、矿物共生组合和岩石地球化学特征进行了探讨。     

蛇绿岩套中超基性岩体的岩石组合:蛇纹岩、异剥钙榴岩和蛇绿碳酸岩——以西阿尔卑斯Zermatt-Saas蛇绿岩为例

蛇纹岩、异剥钙榴岩和蛇绿碳酸岩是蛇绿岩套中超基性单元特有的3类岩石组合,该套岩石组合的形成过程复杂,经历了从地幔岩浆结晶分异、洋脊变质作用改造和俯冲-仰冲构造过程,记录了从地幔岩浆侵位到造山带形成、演化的全程信息。蛇纹岩由方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩通过水化和氧化过程而形成;异剥钙榴岩由含水石榴石、符山石、绿帘石族矿物、透辉石和绿泥石等含水和含钙的硅酸盐矿物组成,是由基性岩经历钙交代和水化作用而形成;蛇绿碳酸岩则由高度破碎变形的蛇纹岩角砾和碳酸岩基质(方解石、白云石或菱镁矿)共同组成,碳酸钙主要来自海水参与蛇纹岩化过程产生的富钙热液。阿尔卑斯西部的Zermatt-Saas蛇绿岩体中这3种岩石的组合研究表明:蛇纹岩化过程发生在大洋变质时期,超基性岩体在海水的作用下形成蛇纹岩。蛇纹岩化过程中释放出主要来自斜方辉石和单斜辉石的钙,与水共同作用交代超基性岩体中的基性岩脉,从而形成异剥钙榴岩。蛇绿碳酸岩形成于俯冲变质之前或俯冲变质的早期。这3类岩石一经形成,都经历了其后的叠加变质作用,进而表明Zermatt-Saas蛇绿岩经历了大洋变质、与俯冲、折返和抬升有关的高压变质和区域变质、绿片岩相变质和晚期热液变质作用的pT轨迹演化,代表着西阿尔卑斯从洋脊变质作用到俯?     

岚皋金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体：地幔交代作用的证据

产于陕西岚皋地区碱质基性－超基性潜火山杂岩中的金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体，主要由透辉石、富钛韭闪石、金云母、磷灰石、榍石、及钛铁矿组成。捕虏体发育三联晶、碎裂边、肯克变形等固相线下变形变质结构，矿物学特征表明，透辉石、富钛韭闪石、金云母为地幔来源，是地幔交代作用的产物；与正常地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩相比，捕虏体富ＴｉＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ，贫ＭｇＯ，其稀土元素具富集特征，尤其富集ＬＲＥＥ；微量元素分配型式显示了富亲石不相容元素的特征。岩相学、矿物学及岩石化学特征表明：该类捕虏体为交代地幔捕虏体，它代表了北大巴山早古生代裂谷作用时期的异常地幔，是地幔交代作用的产物。交代营力可能源于地幔热缕的上升，交代过程推测为深处小范围的流体交代及随后硅酸岩熔体的“弥散”性交代     

交代岩石圈地幔与金成矿作用

交代岩石圈地幔与大型金矿床之间的成因联系受到越来越多的关注.研究成矿金属在地幔源区的富集程度和幔源岩浆中的金含量,以及金从地幔源区释放、迁移并大规模富集成矿的机制和过程可以帮助我们更好地认识交代岩石圈地幔对金富集成矿的重要作用.金是高度亲铜元素,同时还具有流体活动性,在地幔岩浆作用、岩浆热液演化和富集成矿等诸多过程中的行为较为复杂.主要从金的地球化学行为出发,通过梳理金在各类地幔岩石和幔源岩浆中的分布,以及岩浆热液中金的主要行为及其受控因素,探讨交代岩石圈地幔对巨量金成矿的关键控制机制.主要认识包括:（1）交代岩石圈地幔可能是形成大规模热液型金矿床的重要源区,但金在源区的异常富集可能并不是成矿的必要条件;（2）地幔交代组分（特别是挥发分）有助于金从地幔源区中有效释放、并通过跨岩石圈尺度的深大断裂迁移富集;（3）富挥发分的岩浆热液中金的富集沉淀过程远比一个富金的地幔源区对大规模金成矿作用的贡献更大.因此,深刻理解岩石圈地幔长期演化过程中金在地幔交代和岩浆-热液演化过程中的行为与富集机制是解析大型金矿床成因的关键.      

内蒙古宁城早中生代地幔捕虏体及熔/流体交代作用

内蒙古宁城地区发现的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体,其寄主岩为早中生代堆晶成因的辉石岩。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在矿物组成和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征等方面区别于寄主辉石岩,具有地幔岩特征。相对原始地幔岩,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具有Fe高,Mg、Al低,富集K、Na、Ca、LREE和Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等不相容元素的特征,据此可以认为捕虏体来源于交代的富集地幔。对熔/流体交代反应形成的结构及其交代矿物金云母、韭闪石、白云石、方解石的进一步研究,揭示富K、Al、Ca、LREE和不相容元素的硅酸质和碳酸质熔/流体的交代作用致使地幔岩向不断饱满和富集的趋势演化,导致地幔岩Mg#值、Fo值的降低,Al和其他不相容元素的增高。单斜辉石环带原位微量元素测定也证实交代作用的存在。剪切结构的发育可能与软流圈底辟体上涌引发的塑性流变有关。联系华北古老岩石圈地幔多次的地质事件,笔者认为,早中生代地幔的特征与华北克拉通长期以来自身的深部演化有关。     

内蒙古宁城早中生代地幔捕虏体及熔/流体交代作用

内蒙古宁城地区发现的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体,其寄主岩为早中生代堆晶成因的辉石岩。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在矿物组成和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征等方面区别于寄主辉石岩,具有地幔岩特征。相对原始地幔岩,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具有Fe高,Mg、Al低,富集K、Na、Ca、LREE和Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等不相容元素的特征,据此可以认为捕虏体来源于交代的富集地幔。对熔/流体交代反应形成的结构及其交代矿物金云母、韭闪石、白云石、方解石的进一步研究,揭示富K、Al、Ca、LREE和不相容元素的硅酸质和碳酸质熔/流体的交代作用致使地幔岩向不断饱满和富集的趋势演化,导致地幔岩Mg#值、Fo值的降低,Al和其他不相容元素的增高。单斜辉石环带原位微量元素测定也证实交代作用的存在。剪切结构的发育可能与软流圈底辟体上涌引发的塑性流变有关。联系华北古老岩石圈地幔多次的地质事件,笔者认为,早中生代地幔的特征与华北克拉通长期以来自身的深部演化有关。     

新疆且干布拉克超大型蛭石矿床的成因与成矿模式

新疆尉犁县且干布拉克超基性杂岩体位于塔里木北缘隆起带库鲁克塔格前寒武纪地块中西段,兴地塔格断裂带附近。该蛭石矿床是继南非Palabora、美国Libby和俄罗斯Kovdorsk蛭石矿之后的第4个超大型蛭石矿床。根据野外地质观察和室内薄片鉴定结果,结合该区已有的岩石地球化学和矿床学资料,并通过与国外同类型矿床进行详细对比,从含矿杂岩体的岩石组合、矿体发育特征和矿物共生组合等不同层面探讨了该杂岩体的演化过程和矿床成因,并建立了相关成岩成矿模型。结果表明,且干布拉克杂岩体是裂谷背景下,富集岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融岩浆经岩浆分异和不混熔作用并以橄榄岩-黑云母透辉岩-碳酸岩等岩相依次侵入的产物,蛭石矿床中的金云母是岩浆晚期高温富碱质热液交代超基性岩的产物,云母类矿物在剥蚀到近地表后,在大气降水作用下发生表生风化最终形成蛭石矿床。矿床的形成过程复杂,经历了从地幔交代、超大陆裂解、岩浆分异、热液蚀变到表生风化作用等五大地质过程。这一模式的建立将为进一步寻找和深入研究该类矿床提供理论依据和实践指导。     

高台沟硼矿地质地球化学及成因分析

高台沟硼矿位于吉南集安地区,含硼岩系普遍经受中-高级区域变质作用,区域上含矿镁质岩石类型划分为镁橄榄岩大理岩混合型和大理岩型两种矿化类型,高台沟硼矿属于镁橄榄岩大理岩混合型硼矿。含矿层岩石为灰绿色和黄绿色蛇纹岩,顶部岩石为金云母、透辉、滑石岩或金云透辉大理岩,向下为金云蛇纹岩或金云白云石大理岩,与蛇纹岩成渐变关系。蛇纹岩原岩为菱镁矿大理岩和镁橄榄岩,蛇纹石化镁橄榄岩中以产出硼镁铁矿为主,蛇纹石化大理岩中主要产出硼镁石。矿石化学成分反映,B_2O_3品位变化与MgO含量正相关,高品位硼矿石MgO含量均在40%以上。硼矿石稀土总量较低,小于22.03×10~(-6),轻重稀土略有分异,不同的负铕异常,明显的铈正异常。矿石中除B外,F也明显富集,其次是Cl、Rb、Sn、Th、U高于地幔岩石,而Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Ga、Ba等则亏损,而硼镁铁矿的Co、Sn、U热液元素明显高于硼镁石矿石。矿床成因属于变质热液交代富镁质岩石形成的矿床,硼酸热液交代富镁岩石及磁铁矿形成硼镁石和硼镁铁矿,也可以是硼酸热液与铁镁溶液混合形成硼镁石和硼镁铁矿。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861