陆相伸展盆地强伸展期沉积格架与断块翘倾分析--以冀中坳陷廊固凹陷沙河街组三段中亚段为例

根据地质、地球物理等资料研究了冀中坳陷廊固凹陷强伸展期(沙河街组三段中亚段)的沉积格架与断块翘倾运动。作为一个翘倾断块(半地堑)沉积区,廊固凹陷沙三段中亚段沉积充填以湖相细碎屑岩石组合为主,可分:1)砾岩—泥岩互层型,其中砾岩有碳酸盐岩砾和硅质砾等两种亚类;2)砂岩—泥岩互层型;3)泥岩夹砂岩型。古沉积环境重建显示沙三段中亚段沉积期的廊固凹陷是一个窄而深的湖泊,发育断层陡崖、轴部和缓坡带等沉积相域以及冲积扇、近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、湖泊和浊积扇等沉积体系,物源主要来自大兴凸起。断块翘倾几何分析表明,廊固凹陷在沙三段中亚段沉积期的沉降过程具有书斜式断块特征,最大沉降值至少为 1402m。廊固凹陷西部扇的演化过程与沉降、沉积物供给和大兴断层倾角等因素有关。     

二连盆地白音查干凹陷层序地层及其油气勘探意义

基于测井和地震资料分析, 识别了二连盆地白音查干凹陷的层序界面, 建立了凹陷层序地层格架, 研究凹陷内部沉积相类型及其平面展布特征, 并建立了单断箕状断陷盆地沉积相模式。根据油气生、储、盖组合特征, 预测腾格尔组(层序Ⅲ)和都红木组一段(层序Ⅳ)为油气有利成藏层位, 南部缓坡河道砂体储集层和北部陡坡冲积扇储集层为油气有利储集相带, 达尔其断块和桑合地区为油气有利成藏区块。      

廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构

本文通过三维地震资料建立了廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构.通过重建三维地质结构,可以更为直观的显示其真实地质结构形态.对廊固凹陷三维地质结构的分析表明,认为廊固凹陷新生代以来经历多期构造活动,形成了上、中、下3个构造层:下构造层为孔店组—沙四段,为裂陷初始期沉积;中构造层为沙三段—东营组,为强烈裂陷期沉积;上构造层为明化镇组—馆陶组,为坳陷期沉积.每个构造层的构造变形不相同.廊固凹陷构造比较复杂,根据规模及活动强烈程度可将其分为3级:Ⅰ级为控凹断层—大兴断层;Ⅱ级为控带断层,主要有桐柏镇断层、河西务断层以及旧州断层;Ⅲ级为控藏断层包括琥珀营、王居、杨税务、刘其营、半截河等断层.根据一级、二级断层,可以将廊固凹陷分为5个构造带与一个洼槽.     

河西务构造带J11断块储层非均质性

针对渤海湾盆地廊固凹陷河西务构造带J11断块沙四上亚段Ⅰ～Ⅲ砂组储层的非均质性进行了分析,从微观和宏观两个方面入手,分析了其主控因素。结果表明:研究区储层非均质性表现为层内非均质性、层间非均质性、平面非均质性和岩石微观非均质性。层内非均质性主要受渗透率韵律类型、夹层分布特征差异影响;层间非均质性主要受隔层分布特征、分层系数、砂岩密度特征影响;平面非均质性主要受砂体连续性影响;微观非均质性主要受岩石结构及孔隙结构影响。沉积环境和成岩作用是储层非均质性的主控因素。通过对上述影响因素的分析,对研究区主力小层进行了储层评价,预测有利储层分布在研究区的东南部和西南部地区,为下一步勘探开发提供了一定的依据。     

黑龙江省虎林盆地重力异常、基底构造及油气远景区

在波数域中处理虎林盆地重力资料,使用匹配滤波技术和扩充边线、边点的方法,有效地分离出区域场,给出相应的参数取值经验.根据虎林盆地布格异常和区域场特征,编制断裂及基底构造格局图,将盆地划分为条带状的3个隆起区和2个凹陷区,研究区可划分为近NE向、NEE向和EW向8条断裂.计算了结晶基底起伏界面深度,利用3D技术恢复出盆地基底起伏界面全貌,确定虎林河凹陷带和兴凯湖凹陷带为油气远景区.     

廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构

本文通过三维地震资料建立了廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构.通过重建三维地质结构,可以更为直观的显示其真实地质结构形态.对廊固凹陷三维地质结构的分析表明,认为廊固凹陷新生代以来经历多期构造活动,形成了上、中、下3个构造层:下构造层为孔店组—沙四段,为裂陷初始期沉积;中构造层为沙三段—东营组,为强烈裂陷期沉积;上构造层为明化镇...     

非洲中部Muglad盆地Fula凹陷断裂特征分析

Muglad盆地是非洲中部的一个中-新生代裂谷盆地,Fula凹陷是其北部的一个富油气凹陷。凹陷的圈闭类型包括断背斜、断鼻、断垒和断块等,均与断裂有关。本文通过地震资料解释,对凹陷内断裂的几何特征和发育期次进行分析,识别出Fula凹陷的主要构造样式,并制作了骨干剖面的构造平衡剖面,恢复了研究区自白垩纪以来的构造演化过程。研究结果表明:Fula凹陷可划分为4个构造层,分别为基底、第一裂陷、第二裂陷和第三裂陷构造层。自下而上,各构造层断裂走向逐渐由NNW转变为NWW。其中,基底构造层发育主干断层,控制Fula凹陷的构造格局;第一裂陷构造层发育大量的次级断层;第二、三裂陷构造层断裂密度变小,断距减小。研究区发育三级断裂,平面上多呈斜列式、平行、“帚状”或“辫状”组合,而剖面上多呈多米诺式、斜列式、铲式扇等组合。其中多数一、二级断裂在Abu Gabra期形成。由各断陷期的伸展速率可知,自白垩纪以来,Fula凹陷的断裂活动强度逐渐减弱。     

第四纪洞庭盆地澧县凹陷构造活动特征及动力学机制探讨

第四纪澧县凹陷为洞庭盆地西北部的一个次级凹陷.通过地表观察和钻孔资料,对澧县凹陷及周缘第四纪沉积物和地貌及其反映的构造活动特征进行了研究,进而探讨构造活动的动力机制.澧县凹陷呈由南、北西、北东边界正断裂所限的三角形.早更新世.中更新世中期,边界正断裂强烈活动,凹陷区大幅沉降,充填了一套以砂砾层为主的沉积,其厚度自凹陷边缘向中央增加;正断裂下盘局部存在较大幅度沉降.与此同时,澧县凹陷南面、西面的外围地区产生构造抬升,形成由冲积层组成的多级基座阶地.中更新世晚期开始凹陷区及周缘地带整体抬升,凹陷区北部及凹陷南缘产生自西向东的掀斜,凹陷区北部形成小型褶皱构造.上述构造活动特征指示澧县凹陷在早更新世.中更新世中期具断陷盆地性质,中更新世晚期以来具拗陷盆地性质.提出早更新世-中更新世中期构造活动与地幔上隆有关:深部地幔上涌对地壳加热,使凹陷区中地壳韧塑性物质膨胀而向周边侧向迁移,尔后冷却收缩致上层地壳"塌陷"而产生整体性下拗沉降,并于下沉块体侧翼发育正断裂.此外,重力均衡机制可能也起到一定作用.中更新世晚期以来的构造活动可能与深部物质蠕移运动的弹性回返以及板块尺度的物质运动和挤压作用有关.     

渤海湾盆地廊固凹陷杨税务潜山带地质结构与构造演化

杨税务潜山带位于渤海湾盆地廊固凹陷东部的河西务构造带内,整体呈NE向展布,由3个平行斜列的潜山组成,属于典型的断块掀斜型潜山,经历多次构造运动的改造作用,地质结构复杂。目前对杨税务潜山带形成演化过程研究程度较低,因而厘定杨税务潜山带的构造演化阶段有助于分析构造对油气运移、储层改造以及油气成藏的控制作用,为后续进一步明确有利勘探方向奠定基础。本次研究通过研究区内的钻井和地震资料,对杨税务潜山带的断层发育、构造层的划分进行了详细研究;运用平衡剖面技术揭示了杨税务潜山带的构造演化过程。结果表明,研究区共发育6套构造层,即：基底构造层、中—新元古界构造层、下古生界构造层、石炭—二叠系构造层、古近系构造层和新近系—第四系构造层。构造演化分析结果表明：印支期,在SN向挤压应力的作用下,杨税务地区形成了近EW向的古隆起;燕山运动中,古隆起发生旋转并抬升遭受剥蚀;在喜马拉雅期发生构造反转,大兴断层的强烈活动使廊固凹陷进入断陷阶段,随着河西务断层的发育,古隆起被分割为杨税务潜山和泗村店潜山两部分,位于下盘的杨税务潜山被拉断成如今3个潜山平行斜列的潜山带。本次对杨税务潜山带地质结构、构造演化以及构造的控藏...     

临汾盆地地裂缝基本特征研究

临汾盆地属于成长型盆地,是地裂缝发育较多的地区。本文通过详细的野外调查,查清了地裂缝的分布概况,总结了地裂缝的平面展布特征,通过探槽揭示了地裂缝的剖面结构特征,并概括了地裂缝的灾害特征。临汾盆地86条地裂缝主要分布在新构造活动强烈的临汾凹陷、侯马凹陷以及襄汾凸起等新构造单元区,与下伏断裂具有一致性和相关性。地裂缝发育的基本特征有平面展布特征、剖面结构特征、运动特征和活动特征。地裂缝平面展布特征多样,具有定向性、多样性、成带性和分段发育特征; 剖面结构有阶梯型、Y字型和梳状型; 运动特征是横向水平拉张、竖直位错; 活动特征具有活动间断、受降雨控制、活动差异和持续扩展。地裂缝引起的地面变形特征可分为剪切型和拉张型。地裂缝对房屋建筑的破坏类型有墙体开裂、屋顶开裂、楼梯断裂和门窗变形。     

汶川地震地形形变监测与分析

地形形变监测与分析对于研究汶川地震对震区及青藏板块地形变化的影响有重要意义。通过收集相关监测点的汶川地震前后地形形变数据,采用统一模式进行数据处理,将震前与震后的形变监测成果归算到ITRF2005参考框架和2008.363（2008年5月12日）历元,计算得到震中区域的大地基准造成严重破坏,监测点形变位错,水平位移量达243 cm,沉降量达68 cm,隆起量达36 cm。并对汶川地震地形形变监测进行分析,认为位于“映秀镇—北川—青川”断裂带西侧块体呈现向东南方向移动并呈现隆起趋势;东侧块体向西北方向移动并呈现下沉趋势;北侧块体向东北方向移动,南侧块体向西南北方向移动,块体两侧形成了明显挤压形态。上述研究为进一步揭示汶川地震产生的机理和龙门山断裂带的活动提供了良好基础。     

Variable hangingwall palaeotransport during Silurian and Devonian thrusting in the western Lachlan Fold Belt: Missing gold lodes,synchronous Melbourne Trough sedimentation and Grampians Group fold interference

The western margin of the Lachlan Fold Belt contains early ductile and brittle structures that formed during northeast‐southwest and east‐west compression, followed by reactivation related to sinistral wrenching. At Stawell all of these structural features (and the associated gold lodes) are dismembered by a complex array of later northwest‐, north‐ and northeast‐dipping faults. Detailed underground structural analysis has identified northwest‐trending mid‐Devonian thrusts (Tabberabberan) that post‐date Early Devonian plutonism and have a top‐to‐the‐southwest transport. Deformation associated with the initial stages of dismemberment occurred along an earlier array of faults that trend southwest‐northeast (or east‐west) and dip to the northwest (or north). The initial transport of the units in the hangingwall of these fault structures was top‐to‐the‐southeast. ‘Missing’ gold lodes were discovered beneath the Magdala orebody by reconstructing a displacement history that involved a combination of transport vectors (top‐to‐the‐southeast and top‐to‐the‐southwest). Fold interference structures in the adjacent Silurian Grampians Group provide further evidence for at least two almost orthogonal shortening regimes, post the mid‐Silurian. Overprinting relationships, and correlation with synchronous sedimentation in the Melbourne Trough, indicates that the early fault structures are mid‐ to late‐Silurian in age (Ludlow: ca 420–414 Ma). These atypical southeast‐vergent structures have regional extent and separate significant northeast‐southwest shortening that occurred in the mid‐Devonian (‘Tabberabberan orogeny’) and Late Ordovician (‘Benambran orogeny’).     

大兴断层的三维几何学与运动学及其对廊固凹陷成因机制的约束

大兴断层是位于渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷西北部的廊固凹陷的边界大断层,控制着整个凹陷的沉积和构造演化。根据大兴断层的走向特征,将研究区内的大兴断层分为东北段、中段、西南段3段,并对其结合处成因进行了探讨。文中首次将大兴断层断面以三维立体形态展示出来,并对大兴断面的三维几何形态进行了详细的剖析。认为大兴断面是个由多个倾斜面组成的曲面,每个相邻的倾斜面通过轴面而分隔。轴面通过其走向特征,分为横向轴面与垂向轴面,其中横向轴面为平行断层走向的轴面,而垂向轴面则是垂直断层走向的轴面。通过4个横向轴面与2个垂直轴面将大兴断面分为10个区,每个区都有各自的形态与特征。对大兴断层的活动机制进行了探讨,认为大兴断层初期是以多米诺式运动模式为主,后期在翘倾作用下发生旋转,从而形成上陡下缓的犁式断层。其上盘地层的运动模式则是初期与断层同时发生旋转,地层陡且直,在上陡下缓的断面形成后,以斜剪切模式运动,形成滚动背斜。     

溪洛渡地区节理构造特征及解析

运用构造解析方法，遵循共轭节理配套原则对溪洛渡地区发育的次生节理构造进行逐步分析，将该区发育的北东向和北西向节理、近南北向和近东西向节理、倾向南东和北西的两组北东－南西向剖面节理、北东东向和北北东向节理以及倾向北东和南西的两组北西－南东向剖面节理组成5套共轭节理，分属南北向、北东向和北西向3个构造期次。据此推出该区次生节理的形成、发育先后受到该区南北向、北东向和北西向构造期构造应力场作用的影响和制约。     

福建高陂矿区构造演化分析

根据高陂煤矿区主要断层的走向、形成期次、平面展布样式和发育特征,分析了该区应力状态及矿区构造演化过程。研究表明:在矿区北东、南西向局部主压应力作用下,产生了南部一系列逆冲断层和褶曲,同时在这种压应力持续作用下,又产生了与局部主压应力几乎垂直的北西、南东向的张应力,从而进一步产生了低序次的北东—南西向张断裂;该区在印支晚期主要形成了3条滑覆断层,燕山早期形成了高陂向斜、矿区东西边界断层、次一级褶曲和小断层;燕山中、晚期形成了矿区南北边界断层,并使高陂向斜南高北低。      

塔里木盆地玉北地区玉东3断裂带构造转换特征分析

通过对塔里木盆地玉北地区最新的三维地震资料进行解释分析,运用断层的位移-距离分析方法,探讨了玉东3断裂带的转换带特征,并分析了转换带形成的三个阶段。玉北地区断裂发育,主要为北西走向。由北向南,玉东3断裂带从北东段到南西段断层倾向由SE向逐渐变为NW向,根据这种变化及其剖面组合关系,采用Morley对转换带的分类方案,确定在转换段内形成了聚敛叠覆型转换带。转换段的转换带传递了北东段断层和南西段断层的位移量,使玉东3断裂带的总位移量保持一致。该转换带的形成演化主要经历了孤立逆断层、转换带形成和转换带复杂化等三个阶段。     

Quaternary crustal deformation along a major branch of the San Andreas fault in central California

Deformed marine terraces and alluvial deposits record Quaternary crustal deformation along segments of a major, seismically active branch of the San Andreas fault which extends 190 km SSE roughly parallel to the California coastline from Bolinas Lagoon to the Point Sur area. Most of this complex fault zone lies offshore (mapped by others using acoustical techniques), but a 4-km segment (Seal Cove fault) near Half Moon Bay and a 26-km segment (San Gregorio fault) between San Gregorio and Point Ano Nuevo lie onshore.At Half Moon Bay, right-lateral slip and N—S horizontal compression are expressed by a broad, synclinal warp in the first (lowest: 125 ka?) and second marine terraces on the NE side of the Seal Cove fault. This structure plunges to the west at an oblique angle into the fault plane. Linear, joint0controlled stream courses draining the coastal uplands are deflected toward the topographic depression along the synclinal axis where they emerge from the hills to cross the lowest terrace. Streams crossing the downwarped part of this terrace adjacent to Half Moon Bay are depositing alluvial fans, whereas streams crossing the uplifted southern limb of the syncline southwest of the bay are deeply incised. Minimum crustal shortening across this syncline parallel to the fault is 0.7% over the past 125 ka, based on deformation of the shoreline angle of the first terrace.Between San Gregorio and Point Ano Nuevo the entire fault zone is 2.5–3.0 km wide and has three primary traces or zones of faulting consisting of numerous en-echelon and anastomozing secondary fault traces. Lateral discontinuities and variable deformation of well-preserved marine terrace sequences help define major structural blocks and document differential motions in this area and south to Santa Cruz. Vertical displacement occurs on all of the fault traces, but is small compared to horizontal displacement. Some blocks within the fault zone are intensely faulted and steeply tilted. One major block 0.8 km wide east of Point Ano Nuevo is downdropped as much as 20 m between two primary traces to form a graben presently filling with Holocene deposits. Where exposed in the sea cliff, these deposits are folded into a vertical attitude adjacent to the fault plane forming the south-west margin of the graben. Near Point Ano Nuevo sedimentary deposits and fault rubble beneath a secondary high-angle reverse fault record three and possibly six distinct offset events in the past 125 ka.The three primary fault traces offset in a right-lateral sense the shoreline angles of the two lowest terraces east of Point Ano Nuevo. The rates of displacement on the three traces are similar. The average rate of horizontal offset across the entire zone is between 0.63 and 1.30 cm/yr, based on an amino-acid age estimate of 125 ka for the first terrace, and a reasonable guess of 200–400 ka for the second terrace. Rates of this magnitude make up a significant part of the deficit between long-term relative plate motions (estimated by others to be about 6 cm/yr) and present displacement rates along other parts of the San Andreas fault system (about 3.2 cm/yr).Northwestward tilt and convergence of six marine terraces northeast of Ano Nuevo (southwest side of the fault zone) indicate continuous gentle warping associated with right-lateral displacement since early or middle Pleistocene time. Minimum local crustal shortening of this block parallel to the fault is 0.2% based on tilt of the highest terrace. Five major, evenly spaced terraces southeast of Ano Nuevo on the southwest flank of Mt. Ben Lomond (northeast side of the fault zone) rise to an elevation of 240 m, indicating relatively constant uplift (about 0.19 m/ka and southwestward tilt since Early or Middle Pleistocene time (Bradley and Griggs, 1976).     

准噶尔盆地陆梁地区水化学特征与油气运聚

陆梁地区内水文环境从深部到浅部有明显变化,发育多向型水化学剖面。深部为较高矿化度的CaCl₂ 型地层水,浅层为较低矿化度的CaCl₂ 型地层水,中层发育低—高矿化度的NaHCO₃型水。地层水的这种剖面分布形式与深层逆断裂和中 浅部的正断裂有着密切的关系。据此将研究区划分为 3个水文地质旋回,每个旋回有着不同的水化学特征及发育不同的水化学剖面。研究区的水动力场与油气运聚关系十分密切,早期主要流向是西北至东南及西南至东北方向,中-晚期主要流向是西南至东北方向,与油气运移方向基本一致。     

冀中坳陷廊固凹陷古近纪断层活动特征

采用断层落差法和生长指数法计算冀中坳陷廊固凹陷活动断层的古落差和生长指数,绘制了凹陷各地质历史时期的古落差和生长指数平面分布图,并详细分析了各时期断层活动特征。分析研究可知,一级控凹断层大兴断层的活动存在分段性,整体上表现为自南西到北东逐渐减弱;孔店—沙四期,三级活动性断层主要集中在凹陷的东南部,但活动都比较弱;沙三—沙二期,活动性断层的分布整体向凹陷北东方向扩展,三级以上断层活动比较强。研究结果表明,古近纪廊固凹陷断层活动主要受控于构造演化背景,大兴断层对次级断层活动具有重要的影响。      

Palaeomagnetically defined rotations of fault-bounded continental blocks in the North Anatolian Shear Zone, North Central Anatolia

The 1200 km-long North Anatolian Transform Fault connects the East Anatolian post-collisional compressional regime in the east with the Aegean back-arc extensional regime to the west. This active dextral fault system lies within a shear zone reaching up to 100 km in width, and consists of southward splining branches. These branches, which have less frequent and smaller magnitude earthquake activity compare to the major transform, cut and divide the shear zone into fault delimited blocks. Comparison of palaeomagnetic data from 46 sites in the Eocene volcanics from different blocks indicate that each fault-bounded block has been affected by vertical block rotations. Although clockwise rotations are dominant as expected from dextral fault-bounded blocks, anticlockwise rotations have also been documented. These anticlockwise rotations are interpreted as due to anticlockwise rotation of the Anatolian Block, as indicated by GPS measurements, and the effects of unmapped faults or pre-North Anatolian Fault tectonic events.