Rare and vulnerable species in the mollusc communities in the mining subsidence reservoirs of an industrial area (The Katowicka Upland, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland)

Pollution of the water environment by mining waters is a problem not only in Poland, but worldwide. This study investigated the mollusc communities in seven mining subsidence reservoirs affected by coal mine output (the Katowicka Upland, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland). The objective of the survey was to determine the relationship between the molluscs and their environments and to evaluate the ecological-conservation value of freshwater habitats which support rare and vulnerable molluscs. From 1993 to 2005, 23 mollusc species were recorded. Our result confirmed an invasion by Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843), whose density varied from 2 to 2422 individuals/m² in the waters of the Katowicka Upland. A few rare and vulnerable species were found, e.g. Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758), Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ferrissia wautieri (Mirolli, 1960), Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774) or Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791). Principal component analysis showed a positive correlation between mollusc density and pH, the concentration of chlorides, the total hardness, alkalinity and total dissolved solids, and a negative correlation between the number of species and phosphates. Because of the distinctive environmental features of the mining subsidence reservoirs in Czułów, the research area has provided a refuge for wildlife.     

水体氮、磷营养盐水平对蓝藻优势形成的影响

以江苏省南京市富营养化程度不同的清溪、护城河、玄武湖、月牙湖、琵琶湖和前湖为研究对象,调查各水体浮游植物的群落特征和优势种,并结合藻类生长潜力试验,探究不同氮、磷营养水平的自然水体对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliquus）生长与竞争的影响.野外调查发现不同营养水平水体浮游植物优势种不同,按水体富营养化程度从高到底依次以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和隐藻分别占优势.单一藻种培养时,铜绿微囊藻在清溪、护城河和玄武湖水体中生长均较好,而斜生栅藻仅在高氮、磷浓度的清溪和护城河水体中有较大生长量,说明斜生栅藻对氮、磷的需求高于铜绿微囊藻;两种藻共培养时,清溪水体中斜生栅藻占优势,护城河和玄武湖水体中铜绿微囊藻占优势,但其他水体中两种藻均不能生长,说明氮、磷浓度过高或过低都不利于蓝藻形成优势.对低营养水平的玄武湖、琵琶湖、月牙湖和前湖水体进行氮、磷加富后,两种藻均能较好地生长,且各组没有显著差异,说明藻类在这些水体中生长受到氮、磷的限制,氮、磷浓度升高会增加水华发生的风险.本研究将野外调查和藻类生长潜力实验相结合,深入探究了蓝藻优势形成与水体氮、磷营养水平的关系,揭示了蓝藻水华是湖泊富营养化发展到特定阶段的产物,水体氮、磷浓度过高或过低均不易产生蓝藻优势.     

Long-term macrozoobenthos changes in a shallow boreal lagoon: Comparison of a recent biodiversity inventory with historical data

The European water framework directive (WFD) aims at achieving good ecological status of water bodies, which implies assessment of their current ecological quality status in respect to defined reference (pristine) conditions. In this paper, two historical biodiversity datasets (from 1920s and 1950s) and results from the recent inventory are used to trace the long-term changes of the macrozoobenthos in the eutrophic boreal lagoon of the Baltic Sea.In comparison of datasets the highest congruence was obtained for molluscs and malacostracan crustaceans, which also had a similar level of taxonomic emphasis between studies. Considering inconsistencies in methodology and taxonomic determination, only few species extinctions in these groups did likely occur during the last 100 years. Two amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and Gammarus lacustris) were not found during the recent survey, whereas five new species of this taxonomic group occurred in the lagoon since 1950s. The causes of these extinctions remain unclear; however displacement by established new amphipods cannot be excluded. Theodoxus fluviatilis was recently recorded in the very restricted area of the lagoon, while in earlier studies the species was mentioned as common and widely distributed in the water body. On the other hand, 10 gastropod species and 9 bivalves were reported for the first time in the lagoon and most likely have been overlooked in earlier surveys. Approximately 10% of the species have their origin outside the Baltic Sea basin and the number of invasions considerably exceeds the number of likely extinctions. Assessment scheme of such changes is unclear following WFD guidelines, therefore elaboration of a framework for evaluation of the alien species diversity in a context of local biodiversity should attain more effort when implementing the WFD.     

Biodiversität und Ökologie aquatischer Oomycetes‐Arten im Auesee und in der Fulda in Kassel (Hessen)

Biodiversity and Ecology of Species of Aquatic Oomycetes in the Aue Lake and the River Fulda in Kassel (Hessen) In this study, we record diversity and ecology of aquatic Oomycetes in the Aue Lake and the river Fulda in Kassel (Hesse, Germany). We monthly collected water samples of both water bodies from July 2003 to June 2004. The baiting method was used to gain an insight into the occurrence of aquatic Oomycetes. A total of 14 species of aquatic Oomycetes belonging to the orders Saprolegniales, Leptomitales and Olpidiopsidales could be isolated of both water bodies. Numerous saprophytic isolates of Rhizophydium Schenk (Chytridiomycetes), Rhizophydium carpophilum (Zopf) Fischer, parasitic on Oomycetes, and additionally one species of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Woronina polycystis Cornu could be isolated. Many isolates of Saprolegniales attributable to the genera Achlya Nees, Dictyuchus Leitgeb, Saprolegnia Nees and Pythium Pringsheim (Pythiales), which could only be identified on generic level, could be isolated as well. The species were examined and discussed with respect to their occurrence in the stagnant water Aue Lake and/or in the running water of the river Fulda. Half of the isolated species only occurred in one of the water bodies. In this study the occurrence of Achlya proliferoides Coker could be documented for Germany for the first time. The trophic status of the Aue Lake and of the classification of water quality of the river Fulda were determined by limnological‐chemical parameters obtained by simultaneous investigations of both water bodies.     

西藏地区现代沉积物中介形类环境指示意义初探

于2008和2012年先后2次从西藏阿里和那曲地区61个不同水体,包括不同盐度的湖泊、湿地、浅水坑和河流等,共采集了78个水体表层沉积物样品,用以研究该地区现生介形类的生态分布及其环境指示意义.经鉴定,阿里和那曲地区现生介形类共计11属38种.除Ilyocypris neoaspera等5个种外,本次调查的介形类各属种均在湖泊中出现,尤以Limnocythere dubiosa的总壳瓣数最为丰富.Ilyocypris属中除Ilyocypris subdunshanensis和Ilyocypris xizangensis外,其余各种均喜浅水坑的小型浅水环境.Leucocythere dilitata、Limnocythere dubiosa、Limnocytherellina kunlunensis和Eucypris rischtanica为该地区的广盐种.其中Limnocythere dubiosa和Leucocythere dilitata适应盐度范围最广,在不同盐度的各类水体中均有出现.本次研究中的介形类均喜碱性水体,在p H值为8~9的水体中介形类各属种的丰度值达到最大.     

Zoosporic aquatic fungi growing on dead specimens of 29 freshwater crustacean species

The authors investigated aquatic fungi growing on the carapaces of 29 species of dead crustaceans (13 species of Copepoda, 13 species of Cladocera and 3 species of Ostracoda) in the water from six limnological and trophical different water bodies (two springs, one river, one lake and two ponds). All of these waterbodies are strongly loaded. 146 species of aquatic fungi were found on the carapaces: 40 Chytridiomycetes, 1 Hyphochytriomycete and 105 Oomycetes. The most common fungus species were Karlingia chitinophila, Myzocytium microsporum, Myzocytium zoophthorum, Pythium acanthicum, Pythium butleri and Pythium myriotylum. Most zoosporic fungus species were observed on the specimens of Daphnia pulex (50 fungus species), Daphnia magna (48) and Cyclocypris laevis (44), fewest on Cyclops fuscus and Cyclops vicinus (each 10).The most fungi were growing in the water from River Supraśl (86), the fewest in the water from Pond Fosa (53). Cluster analysis of the investigated parameters carried out in water bodies during the experiment on zoosporic fungus species has revealed that in the water from springs and Pond Fosa the number of fungus species is closely associated with the concentration of sulphates, in water from River Supraśl and Lake Komosa with calcium and in the water from Pond Dojlidy with chlorides. Out of these 146 species, 21 are known as parasites or necrotrophs of fish. Some dead specimens of crustacean species are a new substrate for some fungus species.     

多水源水库浮游植物优势种生态位及种间联结性动态分析:以山东峡山水库为例

为了解山东省战略水源地峡山水库在多水源（本地湖库水、长江水及黄河水）共存条件下,浮游植物优势种生态位季节变化和群落结构稳定性状况,于2019年对峡山水库10个代表样点进行浮游植物季度采样,并运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、方差比率法、卡方检验及联结系数对优势种生态位及种间关联性进行分析。结果显示,峡山水库四个季度共鉴定到浮游植物7门78属95种,其中优势种4门12属12种,除春季外,其他三季均以蓝藻类群为绝对优势,其中赖氏泽丝藻（Limnothrix redekei）、阿氏浮丝藻（Planktothrix agardhii）以及项圈假鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena moniliformis）为全年优势种。多样性指数显示出较为一致的趋势,即春季浮游植物多样性较高,夏季多样性最低。优势种生态位宽度差异较大,变化范围在0.526~2.224,最大值、最小值分别为秋季的项圈假鱼腥藻和春季的小金色藻（Chromulina sp.）。项圈假鱼腥藻在多个季节具有最大的生态位宽度及较强的适应多样化生境的能力。生态位重叠显示项圈假鱼腥藻与其他多个优势蓝藻在不同季节具有最大的生态位重叠值,且其是唯一一个在春、夏和秋三季处于衰退期,而在冬季迅速发展的优势蓝藻。四个季度优势种总体关联性差异较为明显,群落结构不稳定。卡方检验显示76%的物种对为显著正联结关系,形成以项圈假鱼腥藻为主导,与其他优势蓝藻共同占有同一资源和空间的稳定演替模式。建议水库管理及调水除关注夏秋季可能的藻华外,还需密切关注低温季节藻类的异常增殖,尤其是冬季的项圈假鱼腥藻。研究可为胶东调水工程相关水库的水华预警和多水源调度提供理论依据和数据支撑。     

Saisonales Vorkommen von Arten der Saprolegniales und Leptomitales im Auesee und in der Fulda in Kassel (Hessen) unter Berücksichtigung fischpathogener Arten

Seasonal Occurrence of Species of Saprolegniales and Leptomitales in Lake Aue and the River Fulda in Kassel (Hesse) with Special Consideration of Fish Pathogenic Species In this study, we examined the occurrence of species of aquatic Oomycetes of Saprolegniales und Leptomitales in Lake Aue and the river Fulda in Kassel (Hesse, Germany) with special consideration of fish pathogenic species. We monthly collected water samples of both water bodies from July 2003 to June 2004. The baiting method was used to gain an insight into the specific seasonal occurrence of aquatic Oomycetes. Some species show a seasonal periodicity. Nine of 11 species of Saprolegniales isolated from the two water bodies, and Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh, one of the two species of Leptomitales, were already documented on fish according to references. Additionally, 7 of 10 species could according to references already be detected on fish species present in the two water bodies. Simultaneous measurements of limnological‐chemical parameters were done during the sampling of water for the isolation of aquatic Oomycetes. The results of some measurements, concerning the river Fulda, were additionally compared with the predetermined guideline values and limit values of water bodies of fish of the “Cyprinid region”.     

上海水源地毗邻湖库浮游植物群落结构的季节变化及其影响因子

为改善城市水源地及毗邻水域的水质管理,2019年11月至2020年11月分别在青草沙水库中央沙水域和金泽水库南白荡水域开展了4个季度的采样调查.运用综合营养状态指数(TLI(Σ))对水体营养状态等级进行综合评估,并采用主成分分析(PCA)、冗余分析(RDA)和相关性分析等方法研究了浮游植物群落特征与环境因子的关系.结果表明:中央沙和南白荡水域TLI (Σ)范围分别为57.5~59.0、54.1~56.1,2个水体均处于轻度富营养状态;两者分别鉴定出浮游植物7门104属184种、8门96属172种;蓝藻门是中央沙水域全年浮游植物构成的主要门类,其次为硅藻门、绿藻门,而南白荡浮游植物群落结构季节性演替明显,优势门类由硅藻门/隐藻门-蓝藻门-隐藻门/硅藻门变化,浮游植物细胞密度季节平均值变化范围分为3.00×10⁷~1.61×10⁸ cells/L、4.29×10⁶~6.59×10⁷ cells/L;鉴定出2个水体浮游植物的优势类群分别有4门17属、5门13属,中央沙水域全年的主要优势类群为假鱼腥藻属(Pseudanabaena)和长孢藻属(Dolichospermum),而南白荡春冬季的主要优势类群为小环藻属(Cyclotella)、隐藻属(Cryptomonas)和蓝隐藻属(Chroomonas),夏秋季主要优势类群为假鱼腥藻属、平裂藻属(Merismopedia)和微囊藻属(Microcystis);中央沙水域浮游植物群落结构变化主要与总氮、总磷、水温等环境因子有关,而南白荡主要与水温、总溶解性盐等环境因子有关,水体流通性差异对此起关键作用.     

High resolution water body mapping for SWAT evaporative modelling in the Upper Oconee watershed of Georgia,USA

Technological improvements in remote sensing and geographic information systems have demonstrated the abundance of artificially constructed water bodies across the landscape. Although research has shown the ubiquity of small ponds globally, and in the southeastern United States in particular, their cumulative impact in terms of evaporative alteration is less well quantified. The objectives of this study are to examine the hydrologic and evaporative importance of small artificial water bodies in the Upper Oconee watershed in the northern Georgia Piedmont, USA, by mapping their locations and modelling these small reservoirs using the Soil Water Assessment Tool. Comparative Soil Water Assessment Tool models were run with and without the inclusion of small reservoir surface area and volume. The models used meteorological inputs from 1990–2013 to represent years with drought, high precipitation, and moderate precipitation for both the calibration and evaluation periods. Statistical comparison of streamflow indicated that the calibration methodology produced results where the default model simulation without reservoirs fit observed flows more closely than the modified model with small reservoirs included (e.g., Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.72 vs. 0.64, r² of 0.73 vs. 0.66, and percent bias of 11.4 vs. 21.6). In addition, Penman–Monteith, Hargreaves, and Priestley–Taylor evapotranspiration equations were used to estimate actual evaporation from 2,219 small water bodies identified throughout the 1,936.8 km² watershed. Depending on the evaporation equation used, water bodies evaporated an average of 0.03–0.036 km³/year for the period 2003–2013. Using Penman–Monteith further, if the reservoirs were not considered and average actual evapotranspiration rates from the rest of the basin were applied, only 0.016 km³ of water would have left the basin as a result of evapotranspiration. This finding suggests construction of small reservoirs increased evaporation by an average of 0.017 km³ per year (approximately 46,500 m³/day). As the construction of small reservoirs continues and high resolution image data used to map these water bodies becomes increasingly available, watershed models that evolve to address the cumulative impacts of small water bodies on evaporation and other hydrologic processes will have greater potential to benefit the water resource management community.     

Freshwater mollusc biodiversity and conservation in two stressed Mediterranean basins

This paper reviews the environmental factors that influence biodiversity of freshwater mollusc communities and conservation status of watercourses in two Mediterranean acid mine drainage-impacted basins of the southern Iberian Peninsula. We found 17 mollusc species: 14 gastropods (10 native and 4 introduced) and 3 bivalves. We found five distribution patterns: native headwater (Arganiella wolfi, Stagnicola palustris, Unio delphinus, Pisidium casertanum and Pisidium personatum) and mouth (Hydrobia acuta, Peringia ulvae and Myosotella myosotis) sensitive-stenochoric species, intermediate sensitive-widely distributed species (Planorbarius metidjensis and Radix balthica), insensitive-eurychoric species (Ancylus fluviatilis), and erratic-distribution pattern species (Galba truncatula and Planorbis carinatus). The highest biodiversity indices have been found in non-impacted headwaters and, to a lesser extent, in tidal streams. The biodiversity of the middle reaches, with varying degrees of impact by acid mine drainage and high water deficit, was scarce and dominated by introduced species. Over 30% of the variation in native and introduced species richness is explained by environmental gradients related to heterogeneity (instream macrophytes cover and Fhi and Qbr indices) and acid runoffs (pH, conductivity, turbidity and concentration of sulphides). Severely impacted sites have no mollusc species. The conservation status of watercourses is also very remarkably influenced by the heterogeneity and contamination of the environment. Conservation values are higher in water bodies located in protected northern and southern sites in both basins.     

Succession and global correlation of Late Tremadoc graptolite zones from South China

The Tremadocian is the first stage of the Ordovician System and is subdivided into two parts in general. The Upper Tremadocian, spanning a temporal interval of ca. 8 Ma, yields graptolite faunas crucial for biostratigraphic division and correlation in high resolution. Relatively complete successions of Upper Tremadoc graptolite zones have been proposed in Scandinavia, and North and South America. In South China, the coeval graptolite strata are widespread in deep water facies, but the successions of graptolite zones recognized so far are quite incomplete and thus very difficult to be correlated with those in other countries. In recent years, we have sampled bed by bed the Nanba section in the Yiyang area, Hunan Province and, below the Tetragraptus approximatus Zone, identified four Upper Tremadoc graptolite zones in descending order: the Hunnegraptus copiosus Zone, the Araneograptus murrayi Zone, the Aorograptus victoriae Zone and the Adelograptus tenellus Zone. To date, the Nanba section is the only section in China that presents a relatively complete and globally comparable succession of Upper Tremadoc graptolite zones. Therefore, this study not only confirms the existence of some Upper Tremadoc graptolite zones that were never found before in China, but also facilitates a highly resolved division and correlation for the Upper Tremadoc graptolite strata in China. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40472014)     

青藏高原陆相介形类的分布特征及其对生态环境的响应

统计分析了青藏高原不同区域水体环境表层沉积物陆相介形类的属种分布特征,探讨了介形类在不同水环境下（盐度、pH值及水深）对生态环境的响应.结果显示,青藏高原现生介形类共计21属67种,其中Candona candida、Ilyocypris bradyi、Eucypris inflata、Limnocythere dubiosa、Limnocythere inopinata、Paracypricerus angulata、Leucocytherella sinensis和Leucocythere mirabilis为青藏高原地区的常见种.湖泊、河流、洼地和湿地4类水体环境中,湖泊中介形类最为丰富,达19属62种;青藏高原东北部（祁连山和柴达木盆地）、北部（昆仑山）、西部和南部不同区域的介形类常见种存在较大差异,可能是区域海拔、pH值和盐度综合作用的结果.淡水和微咸水环境介形类属种数量较咸水及盐湖中丰富,分别有17属41种和13属42种,Limnocythere dubiosa （0.52~90.6 g/L）和Leucocythere mirabilis（0.51~174.63 g/L）在淡水、咸水及盐湖中均有出现,适应盐度范围较广;pH值在8.0~10.0范围内介形类属种多样性最丰富,表明大部分介形类具有嗜碱性的特征;青藏高原陆相介形类属种多样性随水深的增加而降低,浅湖（0~15 m）中介形类属种最为丰富,达到17属52种,其中Candona candida（0.2~80 m）和Leucocythere dorsotuberosa（0.3~110 m）从滨湖至深湖区均有分布,二者均具有较大的水深适应范围.     

Investigations on the Joint Occurrence of Anabaena spiroides Klebahn and Hyphomycetes in Various Types of Water Bodies

The authors investigated the influence of the cyanobacterium Anabaena spiroides on the occurrence of aquatic Hyphomycetes in the water of five water bodies of different trophy. The presence of cyanobacteria in the water of all five waters reduced the number of fungi species from 29 to 10. Such species as Angulospora aquatica and Mirandina corticola were found both in control samples and with cyanobacterium from all five waters examined.     

西藏麦地卡湿地的浮游植物——1.优势种的时空生态位

为了解青藏高原湿地浮游植物在时空不同维度上的分布特征,本文选取西藏四大国际湿地之一的麦地卡湿地作为研究地点,于2019年7月和10月在麦地卡湿地主要水系——麦地藏布及其支流和湖泊,设置了14个样点,采集了2个水情期（丰水期和枯水期）浮游植物的水样共252个.通过活体观察和固定染色方法鉴定浮游藻类物种,使用直接计数法统计浮游藻类的数量.计算麦地卡湿地浮游植物优势种的优势度指数（Y）、更替率（r）、生态位宽度（B_i）、生态位重叠值（O_ik）和生态响应速率（R）,运用生态位分化的方法,对麦地卡湿地浮游植物优势种的生态位进行了不同时空维度的研究.结果表明：本研究中鉴定出浮游植物优势种（Y>0.02）共8种,其中克洛脆杆藻（Fragilaria crotomensis）和窗格平板藻（Tabellaria fenestrata）是2个水情期的共有优势种.生态位宽度值差异较大,可分为三大生态位类群,且优势度指数与生态位宽度值呈极显著正相关.总体上浮游植物优势物种的生态位重叠值高,在时间、空间和时空三个维度上O_ik>0.6的分别占89.29%、60.71%和28.57%.生态响应速率之和在时间维度上为负数,在空间和时空维度上为正数,说明该湿地浮游植物群落处于发展阶段.冗余分析表明,酸碱度、溶解氧、总氮和浊度是影响麦地卡湿地浮游植物优势种分布的重要因素,浮游植物优势种在这些环境因子上存在明显的生态分化现象.     

Soil seed bank composition and distribution on eroded slopes in the hill‐gully Loess Plateau region (China): influence on natural vegetation colonization

On the Chinese Loess Plateau, serious slope and gully erosion have caused a decrease in soil water capacity and fertility, which has resulted in vegetation degradation and a reduction in agricultural productivity. Great efforts have been made to restore vegetation to control soil erosion, but the efficiency of artificial revegetation is not satisfactory. Natural revegetation is an alternative. However, while soil seed banks are an essential source for natural revegetation, their composition and distribution on eroded slopes remains unknown. In addition, whether or not seed loss during soil erosion limits vegetation colonization is also unknown. In this work, soil seed bank composition and distribution were studied in three situations. Specifically, three main microsites were selected as sampling plots: fish‐scale pits, as artificial deposited micro‐topography; under tussocks, as trap microsites; and open areas, as eroded areas. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–2 cm, 2–5 cm and 5–10 cm. The soil seed bank was identified using germination experiments, and a total of 34 species were identified. The dominant species in the soil seed bank were annual/biennial herbs with an average proportion more than 90% and density reaching 19,000 seeds m^‐2. The pioneer species Artemisia scoparia was especially abundant. The dominant later successional species, such as Lespedeza davurica, Artemisia giraldii, Artemisia gmelinii, Stipa bungeana and Bothriochloa ischcemum, were present in the soil at a density that ranged from 38 to 1355 seeds m^‐2. Compared with the eroded open areas, the fish‐scale pits retained a higher density of seeds, and the tussocks retained a larger number of species. However, there was no serious reduction of the soil seed bank in the erosion areas. The present study indicates that, on these eroded slopes, the soil seed bank is not the key factor limiting the colonization of natural vegetation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early succession of the macroinvertebrate community in a shallow lake: Response to changes in the habitat condition

In the present study the initial succession of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of a newly created shallow lake in a wetland area was monitored during 15 months. Three different types of macroinvertebrate samples (multihabitat, associated to the Phragmites australis stands and associated to the sediment) were collected monthly from May 2004 to July 2005. Additional samples were collected in the reed stand in 2007, when the reed belt had become much taller and thicker. Colonization of the lake was fast, and the colonization sequence was mainly related to the dispersal abilities of the taxa. Habitat-specific changes in the assemblage's structure and composition were registered. The communities associated to the sediment showed a decrease in overall biomass, density and species richness along time. The density of the gastropod Physella acuta and the chironomid species Dicrotendipes pallidicornis, Polypedilum nubifer and Tanytarsus horni decreased significantly, after Chara stands declined; while the chironomid Chironomus riparius became dominant. The epiphytic macroinvertebrate communities associated with the reed stands followed a seasonal pattern, with a warm-period community dominated by the chironomid species Ablabesmyia monilis and Psectrocladius sordidellus-group, and a cold-period community dominated by the chironomid species Cricotopus ornatus and D. pallidicornis.     

First records, pathways and distributions of four new Ponto-Caspian amphipods in France

In Europe, the number of establishment of non-native species, especially from Ponto-Caspian area, has dramatically increased over the past decades and induced important changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages, mainly in large rivers. However, although many Ponto-Caspian species were established in adjacent countries, only two Ponto-Caspian amphipods were formally observed in French hydrosystems since 1996. To update our knowledge on the present distribution of the Ponto-Caspian species in France, we collected amphipods from 203 sites in the Rhine, Meuse and Seine River basins in 2008 and again in 2009. Thirteen amphipod species were found in the study area. Among them, four were first formally recorded in France (Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, Dikerogammarus bispinosus, Echinogammarus ischnus, and Echinogammarus trichiatus). Our study revealed three different corridors used by these species to arrive in France. We also observed a different pattern of colonization for each species, which might indicate some between-species differences in their preferences for environmental conditions. The snapshot of the early distributions of these recently established species may hence be used to study the invasion pattern in France in order to manage their potential impact in and outside France.     

Amending Soils with Hydrogels Increases the Biomass of Nine Tree Species under Non‐water Stress Conditions

The classical aim of the application of super absorbent polyacrylate (SAPs) hydrogels is the prolonging of plant survival under water stress. Their effect on plant growth during non‐water stress conditions is not known. This study examined the root and shoot biomass of seedlings of nine tree species; Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus caribaea, Araucaria cunninghamii, Melia volkensii, Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica, Maesopsis eminii and Terminalia superba. The seedlings were potted in five soil types; sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam and clay. These were amended at two hydrogel levels: 0.2 and 0.4% w/w and grown under controlled conditions in a green house. Root and shoot growth responses of the seedlings were determined by measuring the dry weight of the roots, stems, leaves and twigs. The addition of either 0.2 or 0.4% hydrogel to the five soil types resulted in a significant increase of the root dry weight (p < 0.001) in eight tree species compared to the controls after 8 wk of routine watering. Also, the dry weight of stems and leaves and twigs were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the nine tree species potted in hydrogel amended soil types than in the hydrogel free controls. These results suggested that hydrogel amendment enhances the efficiency of water uptake and utilization of photosynthates of plants grown in soils which have water contents close to field capacity.     

江西省浅水湖泊大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性特征和影响因素

2019年春、秋两季,对江西省76个湖泊的底栖动物进行了调查,在分析其群落结构和多样性的基础上,探讨了多样性与环境因子间的关系,旨在确定影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的重要环境因子,以期为江西省湖泊的精准化管理提供科学依据和技术支持。两次调查共检出140个分类单元,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,摇蚊类物种数占水生昆虫物种数的53.62%。富营养指示种(长足摇蚊属一种和摇蚊属一种)为春、秋两季的优势分类单元,湖沼典型种(长足摇蚊属一种、摇蚊属一种、石田螺属一种、苏氏尾鳃蚓和霍甫水丝蚓)的丰度变化导致了群落结构的季节变化。大型底栖无脊椎动物α多样性水平较低,基于PLSR和PLS-SEM的分析结果表明,影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性指标的环境因子既与藻类种群动态密切相关,也与水质状态有关。大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性与藻类种群状态存在稳定的联系,不受季节因素的影响,过高的藻类丰度不利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高,而较好的水质状况有利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高。为保护江西省湖泊大型底栖无脊椎动物资源,应在具有渔业养殖功能的湖泊和城镇湖泊中进行水生植物的修复工作,使藻型湖泊向草型湖泊方向演化;对一...