太白金矿流体包裹体中黄铁矿和铁白云石等子矿物的发现及成冈意义

太白金矿含金角砾岩带赋存于秦岭泥盆纪浅变质细碎屑岩系中,地质特征独特。金矿佛主要产于含铁白云石－黄铁矿等胶结物中,这些载金矿物中普遍有大量流体包裹体产出。应用扫描电镜、能谱分析和电子探针技术发现了石英和含铁白云石中的黄铁矿、毒砂和铁白云石等离子矿物,结合流体包裹体成分ＬＲＭ分析资料,对成矿流体特征有了新认识。     

Platinum-group minerals in fluid inclusions from the Marathon deposit,Coldwell Complex,Canada

Summary Platinum-group minerals (PGM) project into fluid inclusions that occur in chalcopyrite and cubanite from the Marathon deposit, Two Duck Lake gabbro, Coldwell Complex, Ontario. Semi-quantitative analyses of the micron-sized PGM were made by SEM-EDS; they reveal Ag-bearing intermetallic compounds of Pd₃Sn-Pd₃Pb-Pd₃Te (i.e., atokitezvyagintsevite-keithconnite) and telargpalite (Pd₂AgTe) on broken, irregular surfaces of the Cu-Fe-S minerals. Halite daughter minerals, and quenched brine occur in and around some opened fluid inclusions. These data confirm the hypothesis based on petrography and mineral compositions that saline fluids remobilized PGE, Cu, and other elements and precipitated them well after crystallization of sulfide and silicate magmas in the Marathon deposit.

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Platin-Gruppenminerale in Flüssigkeitseinschlüssen aus der Marathon Lagerstdtte, Coldwall Komplex, Kanada

Zusammenfassung Platin-Gruppenminerale (PGM) ragen in Flüzssigkeiteinschliisse, die im Kupferkies und Cubanit der Marathon Lagerstätte, Two Duke Lake Gabbro, Coldwell Komplex, Ontario, vorkommen, hinein. Semiqantitative Analysen der mikrongroßen PGM wurden mit einem SEM-EDS durchgeführt. Sie ergaben Ag-führende, intermetallische Verbindungen von Pd₃Sn-Pd₃Pb-Pd₃Te (Atokit-Zvyagintsevit-Keithconnit) und Telargpalit (Pd₂AgTe) auf zerbrochenen, irregulären Oberflächen der Cu-Fe-SMinerale. Steinsalz-Tochterkristalle und abgeschreckte Salzlösungen treten innerhalb und in der unmittelbaren Umgebung geöffneter Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse auf. Diese Daten bestätigen die Hypothese, basierend auf der Petrographie und der Mineralzusammensetzung, daß saline Fluida PGE, Cu und andere Elemente remobilisieren können, und daß d iese nach der Kristallisation der Sulfide und des Silikatmagmas in der Marathon Lagerstätte zur Ablagerung gekommen sind.

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With 3 Figures     

Short-chain carboxylates in fluid inclusions in minerals

The carboxylate (formate, acetate, propionate and oxalate) and common inorganic anions (F⁻, Cl⁻ and SO²⁻₄) compositions for aqueous fluid inclusion leachates from 17 mineral samples collected from various deposits have been determined using ion chromatography in conjunction with microthermometric measurements on the fluid inclusions of their host minerals. The minerals, quartz, fluorite, barite, beryl and a few `ore' minerals (wolframite, pyrite and galena), came from hydrothermal vein-type deposits in felsic igneous rocks or Archean metamorphic rocks. The results indicate that short-chain carboxylates are common components in hydrothermal fluids and can be present in considerable amounts. Formic acid (as formate) is the dominant species over other carboxylic acids. The present study raises new questions about the origin and geochemical significance of carboxylates in hydrothermal ore-forming processes.     

川西甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中熔体、流体包裹体固相物质研究

川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩内发育大量原生熔体包裹体和富晶体流体包裹体。为了查明甲基卡成矿熔体、流体性质与演化特征,运用激光拉曼光谱和扫描电镜鉴定了甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉不同结构带内的原生熔体、流体包裹体的固相物质。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩石英内熔体包裹体的矿物组合为磷灰石+白云母、白云母+钠长石、白云母+石墨;伟晶岩绿柱石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为刚玉、富铝铁硅酸盐+刚玉+锂辉石、锂辉石+石英+锂绿泥石;伟晶岩锂辉石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为磷灰石、锡石、磁铁矿、石英+钠长石+锂绿泥石、萤石、富钙镁硅酸盐+富铁铝硅酸盐+富铁硅酸盐+石英;花岗岩浆熔体与伟晶岩浆熔体(流体)具有一定的差异,成矿熔体、流体成分总体呈现出碱质元素(Na、Si、Al)、挥发分(F、P、CO_2)含量增高及基性元素(Fe、Mg、Ca)降低的特征;包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分具有一定的差别,揭示出伟晶岩熔体(流体)存在局部岩浆分异作用,具不混溶性及非均匀性。因此认为,伟晶岩熔浆(流体)为岩浆分异与岩浆不混溶共同作用的产物,挥发分含量的增高(F、P、CO_2)使伟晶岩能够与稀有金属组成各类络合物或化合物,这对于稀有金属成矿起到了至关重要的作用。     

西华山钨矿床共生透明矿物与不透明矿物中流体包裹体的对比研究

西华山钨矿床是一个产于燕山期花岗岩中的大脉型钨矿床。笔者利用红外显微镜、冷热台及其他相关设备对矿床中的透明矿物(石英、绿柱石和萤石)与不透明矿物(黑钨矿、黄铁矿)中的流体包裹体进行了对比研究。结果显示,共生透明矿物与不透明矿物之间,在包裹体均一温度等特征上既可基本相同又可出现很大差异。一般来说,黑钨矿能有效地保存原生流体包裹体(t_h=300～420℃;晶洞中为220～290℃),仅有少量次生包裹体(t_h=160～280℃),而与之共生的石英中原生包裹体则几乎被破坏殆尽,现在所见到的包裹体绝大多数是次生的或是在较晚结晶时捕获的(t_h=130～270℃)。只有未经后期应力作用和流体改造的晶洞水晶及与其共生的黑钨矿,二者获得的结果才相同或相似。绿柱石中通常有大量的次生包裹体和原生包裹体。黑钨矿与绿柱石中硅酸盐熔融包裹体的出现,表明西华山钨矿床的成矿作用始于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,其初始成矿流体是一种岩浆-热液过渡性流体,尔后才演变成单一的热水溶液。笔者认为,在进行金属矿床流体包裹体研究时,应强调共生透明矿物与不透明矿物的对比研究,在进行对比研究时,详尽的基础地质研究和包裹体岩相学观察必不可少;当单独利用透明矿物包裹体资料对金属矿床进行地质解释时,需慎之又慎。     

Trace element distribution in mineral separates of the Allende inclusions and their genetic implications

Concentrations of the REE, Sc, Co, Fe, Zn, Ir, Na and Cr were determined by instrumental neutron activation and mass spectrometric isotope dilution analysis for mineral separates of the coarseand fine-grained types (group I and II of Martin and Mason's classification) of the Allende inclusions.These data, combined with data on mineral/liquid partition coefficients, oxygen isotope distributions and diffusion calculations, suggest the following: (1) Minerals in the coarse-grained inclusions (group I) crystallized in a closed system with respect to refractory elements. On the other hand, differences in oxygen isotope distributions among minerals preclude a totally molten stage in the history of the inclusion. Group I inclusions were formed by rapid condensation (either to liquid or solid) in a supercooled solar nebula; extrasolar pyroxene and spinel dust were included but not melted in the condensing inclusions, thus preserving their extrasolar oxygen isotope composition. REE were distributed by diffusion during the subsequent heating at subsolidus temperatures; because oxygen diffuses much more slowly at these temperatures, the oxygen isotope anomalies were preserved. (2) The fine-grained (group II) inclusions were also formed by condensation from a super-cooled nebular gas; however, REE-rich clinopyroxene and spinel were formed early and REE-poor sodalite and nepheline were formed later and mechanically mixed with clinopyroxene and spinel to form the inclusions. The REE patterns of the bulk inclusions and the mineral separates are fractionated, indicating that REE abundances in the gaseous phase were already fractionated at the time of condensation of the minerals. (3) Pre-existing Mg isotope anomalies in the coarse-grained inclusions must have been erased during the heating stage thus resetting the ²⁶Al-²⁶Mg chronometer.     

白云鄂博矿床稀土矿物稳定同位素特征及其意义

稀土元素是白云鄂博矿床最有特色的矿产。本文在详细讨论了稀土矿物氧、碳同位素制样方法的基础上，对矿床中晚期脉、白云石型矿石、萤石型矿石中的主要稀土矿物进行了系统的氧、碳同位素分析。其中，晚期脉中的氟碳酸盐矿物的碳、氧同位素值较低，具有幔源热液结晶的特点；白云岩型矿石中氟碳铈矿δ１３Ｃ在－１．１‰～－３．４‰，δ１８Ｏ在８．６‰～１２．０‰；独居石δ１８Ｏ在５．７‰～１１．４‰，磷灰石δ１８Ｏ在６．３‰～９．４‰；萤石型矿石中氟碳铈矿δ１３Ｃ在－５．２‰～－５．８‰，δ１８Ｏ在３．６‰～５．５‰；独居石δ１８Ｏ在３．５‰～４．５‰。结合矿床地质特征分析，矿区萤石型矿石和晚期脉的形成可能与深源热液有关；而白云岩中的稀土矿化作用则表现出多源多期次的特点     

Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine,Oregon

Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360 t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000 ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060 ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62 ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11–0.82 ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R² = 0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270 ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770 ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8 ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from <0.02 to 0.22 ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter.     

陕西石梯钡矿床中流体包裹体特征及成因意义

陕西石梯重晶石-毒重石矿床产于南秦岭早古生代大型钡成矿带中。矿石类型有重晶石矿石、毒重石矿石、重晶石-毒重石混合矿石和钡解石矿石,但以重晶石矿石为主。经显微测温表明,重晶石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为103.4～253.1℃(主峰值140～160℃),盐度范围为(0.35～10.73)wt%NaCleqv;毒重石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为152.8～303.7℃(主峰值200～220℃),盐度范围为(0.18～9.73)wt%NaCleqv;钡解石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为107.8～260.0℃(主峰值160～200℃),盐度范围为(0.71～8.41)wt%NaCleqv。经激光拉曼分析表明,在矿物流体包裹体的气相组成中,各矿物有一定差异:重晶石含一定量N2、H2S和CH4,毒重石含大量CO2和N2,而钡解石含有CO2、N2和CH4。成矿流体温度相对较高、富含CO2是形成毒重石的重要条件。     

雪峰山铲子坪金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

湘西雪峰山地区分布着众多的金、钨、锑矿床(点)是湘西-鄂西多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,铲子坪大型金矿床是其中颇具代表性矿床之一。文章对铲子坪金矿床主成矿阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了系统的研究。结果表明,该矿床内流体包裹体主要为气液两相,存在少量纯气相和纯液相包裹体。成矿流体均一温度主要集中在160~220℃和280~360℃两个区间,盐度集中8%~11%NaCleqv,密度集中在0.62~1.00 g/cm3,成矿流体主要为一种中高温、低盐度的Na Cl-H2O体系,成矿环境为低压(39.4~98.9 MPa)中成(3.9~8.2 km)环境。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,次为CO2;液相组分中,阳离子以Na+和Ca2+为主,阴离子以SO2-4和Cl-为主,属Cl--SO2-4-Ca2+-Na+型水化学类型。流体包裹体H和O同位素研究表明,岩浆水和变质水是成矿流体的主要来源,在成硫后期有大气降水的掺入,成矿流体具混合流体特征。成矿作用阶段,矿区内构造破碎带为含矿热液集中和金的沉淀提供了良好的容矿构造场所,印支期的岩浆热液活动占主导作用。铲子坪金矿的成因类型为中高温岩浆热液型。     

Halogen contents of eclogite facies fluid inclusions and minerals: Caledonides,western Norway

Primary multiphase brine fluid inclusions in omphacite and garnet from low‐ to medium‐temperature eclogites have been analysed for Cl, Br, I, F, Li and SO₄. Halogen contents and ratios provide information about trapped lower crustal fluids, even though the major element (Na, K, Ca) contents of inclusion fluids have been modified by fluid–mineral interactions and (step‐) daughter‐crystal formation after trapping. Halogens in the inclusion fluids were analysed with crush–leach techniques. Cl/Br and Cl/I mass ratios of eclogite fluids are in the range 31–395 and 5000–33 000, respectively. Most fluids have a Cl/Br ratio lower than modern seawater and a Cl/I ratio one order of magnitude lower than modern seawater. Fluids with the lowest Cl/Br and highest Cl/I ratios come from an eclogite that formed by hydration of granulite facies rocks, and may indicate that Br and I are fractionated into hydrous minerals. Reconstructions indicate that the inclusion fluids originally contained 500–4000 ppm Br, 1–14 ppm I and 33–438 ppm Li. Electron microprobe analyses of eclogite facies amphibole, biotite, phengite and apatite indicate that F and Cl fractionate most strongly between phengite (F/Cl mass ratio of 1469 ± 1048) and fluid (F/Cl mass ratio of 0.008), and the least between amphibole and fluid. The chemical evolution of Cl and Br in pore fluids during hydration reactions is in many ways analogous to Cl and Br in seawater during evaporation: the Cl/Br ratio remains constant until the a_H2O value is sufficiently lowered for Cl to be removed from solution by incorporation into hydrous minerals.     

赣南木梓园钨矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

木梓园钨矿床是赣南地区一中型石英脉型钨矿床,是利用地表云母线、石英线等矿化标志带寻找隐伏石英脉型矿床的典范。本文对木梓园矿床含黑钨矿石英脉石英中流体包裹体开展了岩相学和显微测温研究,并运用显微激光拉曼光谱测试技术对单个流体包裹体成分进行测试。结果表明,石英中流体包裹体至少记录了两期流体活动。这两类流体分属中-高温、中低盐度、中低密度的NaCl-H2O流体体系和中-低温、中低盐度、中等密度的NaCl-H2O流体体系。在木梓园钨矿床成矿流体的演化过程中,高温阶段发生了小规模的沸腾作用,并由此导致成矿流体中部分金属络合物分解进而沉淀成矿;低温阶段则主要经历了自然冷却过程,流体中矿质的沉淀则主要由温度的降低引起。     

Identification and implications of fight hydrocarbon fluid inclusions from the Proterozoic Bidjovagge gold-copper deposit, Finnmark, Norway

Carbonic fluid inclusions were observed in quartz-bearing veins at the Proterozoic Bidjovagge AuCu deposit within the Kautokeino greenstone belt in Norway, where mineralization occurred in oxidation zones of graphitic schists. A primary fluid inclusion zonation was observed with C0₂-rich fluid inclusions in the structural footwall of the deposit, and CH₄-rich inclusions within the ore zone in the oxidation zone. Microthermometry of the primary hydrocarbon inclusions revealed 2 groups; (1) a group which homogenized between −125°C and the critical temperature of CH₄ (−82.1°C), which indicated the presence of pure CH₄, and (2) a group which homogenized between the critical temperature of CH₄ and −42°C, which indicated the presence CH₄ and higher hydrocarbons (HHC). Raman microprobe analyses of the first group confirmed the presence of CH₄. The second inclusion group were fluorescent, and Raman spectra clearly displayed CH₄,C₂H₆, and rarer C₃H₈ peaks. A typical feature of the Raman spectra were elevated baselines at the hydrocarbon peaks. Carbon peaks were also usually detected in each inclusion by Raman analysis. Bulk gas chromatography analyses of samples containing the first group (CH₄) indicated the presence of CH₄ and low concentrations of C₂H₆ and C₃H₈. Gas chromatography analyses of samples containing the second group (CH₄ and higher hydrocarbons) confirmed the presence of CH₄, and higher hydrocarbons such as C₂H₆ and C₃H₈ and also butanes. Based on the spacial zonation of hydrocarbons and the estimated PT conditions of 300 to 375°C and 2 to 4 kbars, the authors suggest an abiotic origin for the hydrocarbons. It is suggested that the hydrothermal fluids oxidized the graphitic schist, precipitated Cu and Au and formed light gas hydrocarbons.     

湘西北张家界市李家铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

湘西北地区是著名的铅锌矿、锰矿产出地,为完善该地区成矿序列,对张家界市李家铜矿成矿期的石英、方解石、重晶石进行了流体包裹体均一温度、盐度、气相成分、群体液相成分和氢氧同位素测定.结果表明:包裹体均一温度为146 ~282℃,流体盐度为0.71% ~ 15.86% (NaCl),成矿流体气相成分含少量的CH4和H2,包裹体液相成分中离子以Ca2、Mg2+、Na+、SO42-及Cl-为主,氧同位素δ18O矿物值范围为11.6‰~17‰,氢同位素δD值范围为-54.7‰~-76.2‰.经计算,成矿压力为1.02-66.17 MPa,成矿深度为0.1 ~6.57 km.成矿热液为层控型热卤水,成矿时间自震旦纪陡山沱期一直持续到志留纪文洛克期.     

Origin of CO2-rich fluid inclusions in synorogenic veins from the Eastern Mount Isa Fold Belt, NW Queensland, and their implications for mineralization

Synorogenic veins from the Proterozoic Eastern Mount Isa Fold Belt contain three different types of fluid inclusions: CO₂-rich, aqueous two-phase and rare multiphase. Inclusions of CO₂ without a visible H₂O phase are particularly common. The close association of CO₂-rich inclusions with aqueous two-phase, and possibly multiphase inclusions suggests that phase separation of low- to -moderate salinity CO₂-rich hydrothermal fluids led to the selective entrapment of the CO₂. Microthermometric results indicate that CO₂-rich inclusions homogenize between –15.5 and +29.9 °C which corresponds to densities of 0.99 to 0.60 g.cm⁻³. The homogenization temperatures of the associated aqueous two-phase inclusions are 127–397 °C, with salinities of 0.5 to 18.1 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The rarely observed multiphase inclusions homogenize between 250 and 350 °C, and have salinities ranging from 34.6 to 41.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Evidence used to support the presence of fluid immiscibility in this study is mainly derived from observations of coexisting H₂O-rich and CO₂-rich inclusions in groups and along the same trail. In addition, these two presumably unmixed fluids are also found on adjacent fractures where monophase CO₂-rich inclusions are closely related to H₂O-rich inclusions. Similar CO₂-rich inclusions are widespread in mineral deposits in this region, which are simply metal-enriched synorogenic veins. Therefore, we argue that fluid immiscibility caused volatile species such as CO₂ and H₂S to be lost from liquid, thus triggering ore deposition by increasing the fluid pH and decreasing the availability of complexing ligands. Received: 28 April 1997 / Accepted: 4 January 1999     

云南大坪金矿床流体包裹体研究及其意义

云南大坪金矿床是产于闪长岩中的石英脉型金矿床,矿体形态呈脉状,明显受断裂构造控制。成矿阶段可分为:早期成矿阶段(白钨矿石英脉)、主成矿阶段(硫化物石英脉)和晚成矿阶段(碳酸盐石英脉)。石英脉中的流体包裹体分为H2O包裹体、CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体,以富含CO2-H2O包裹体为特征。CO2-H2O包裹体的完全均一温度为283.1~382.0℃,盐度为(4.44~11.33)wt%Na Cleqv,计算的均一压力为151.2~261.5MPa,相应的成矿深度为10.272~12.649km,显示出该矿的成矿流体是一种富含CO2的高压、中高温、中低盐度的H2O-Na Cl-CO2的流体。加热时,富H2O相的CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一到H2O相,富CO2相的CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一到CO2相,而且二者的完全均一温度和压力一致,说明流体发生了不混溶作用,CO2的溶离使成矿流体的p H值升高,氧逸度降低,从而导致Au溶解度降低,并造成金沉淀成矿。大坪金矿床属于深成中高温热液石英脉型金矿床。     

晚期折返过程含石墨流体包裹体及其意义：以印度两个不同地体为例

Archean greenstone belts and Proterozoic granulite mobile belts are products of fundamentally different tectonic processes that culminated in different levels of crustal incision.The present study focuses on graphite-bearing fluid inclusions from two such terrains in India,the Angul domain of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar greenstone-granite belt.In beth cases,a high population of such inclusions within the fluid inclusion assemblage rules out the possibility of graphite being a captive phase,and instead confirms that it was deposited by the fluid within the inclusion cavity.Graphite is usually observed to be occurring with either pure water or a pure carbonic( CO_2 only)liquid,or with a CH_4 dominated carbonic liquid without vapor at room temperature.Graphite precipitation in inclusions is brought about by reaction of the CO2 and CH4 trapped as a homogeneous fluid to give rise to H_2O and C(graphite).Molar volume calculations for the CO_2-CH_4 mixture assuming an appropriate PVTX relationship indicates that there is a substantial increase in volume with decreasing pressure at a given temperature.The reaction producing graphite and H_2O from CH_4 and CO_2 involves substantial volume reduction,and hence would be favored when the rock undergoes rapid exhumation.Graphite-beating inclusions in quartz in a late-stage leucosome from migmatites in the Angul domain of the EGMB are accompanied by other fluid inclusion evidence for isothermal decompression.In the Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar Craton,graphite-bearing inclusions occur in structurally controlled quartz veins(often auriferous)within metamorphosed mafic volcanics(schists and amphibolites).The Raman spectra indicate that graphites in fluid inclusions from the Hutti-Maski schist belt have both ordered(O)and the disordered(D)peaks,whereas those from the Angul area of EGMB lack the disordered(D)peaks, with both having perfectly symmetrical‘S’peak.This implies that in both belts,exhumation from the burial depth maxima was a rapid process.However,the Hutti-Maski schist belt experienced a lower amount of uplift than the Angul domain,where the driving mechanism led to a deeper level of incision.This difference in the extent and rate of exhumation is speculated to be related to a fundamental difference in the nature of tectonism.A more detailed comparative study of the fluid inclusion characteristics would possibly throw more light on the changing tectonic style from the Archean to the Proterozoic,a topic that is extensively debated.     

Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Characteristics of REE—Fluorocarbonate Minerals and Their Genetic Implications,Bayan Obo Deposit,Inner Mongloia,China

REE－fluorocarbonates as major REE minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit,the largest REE deposit in the world,were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions,The δ^13 C and δ^18 O values of huanghoite,cebaite and bastnaesite from late-stage veins vary in the ranges of 7.8--4.0‰ and 6.7-9.4‰,respectively,These data are relatively similar to those of bastnaesites from banded ores:δ^13C-5.6--5.2‰ andδ^18O3.6-5.5‰.The REE fluorocarbonates from both late-staege veins and banded ores are characterized by lower δ^13 C and δ^18O values,especially the δ^18O values of bastnaesites from banded ores.Compared with them,the disseminated bastnaesits the dolomite-type ores possess rather highδ^13 C and δ^18O values,i.e.,-2.1-0.4‰ and 8.6-12.9‰ respectively.The high values are typical of the sedimentary host dolomite rocks as well as of the dolomite-type-ores.The carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics of REE fluorocarbonate minerals provide new evidence for the hypothesis on the origin of Bayan Obo deposit-epigenetic hydrothermal metasomatism.