东亚季风区冬季经向风的季节内变化及其可能机理

利用1979—2013年ERA-interim再分析资料,通过均方差分析、功率谱分析、带通滤波及合成分析等统计方法系统地分析了东亚季风区冬季经向风的季节内变化及其可能机理。结果表明,东亚季风区冬季经向风异常在我国华南一带变化显著,振荡周期为10~20 d(准双周振荡)。在准双周尺度上,水平方向上,850 h Pa异常北风主要呈现从高纬向低纬传播的特点,60°N附近异常经向风向东南方向传播,副热带30°N附近弱的异常经向风向东传播,二者在华南汇合,随后分为两支中心,分别向南和向东继续传播,我国华南一带存在基本气流向准双周尺度波动的能量转换,因此异常经向风在华南会显著增强;垂直方向上,对流层上层、中层、下层的经向风呈现强—弱—强的异常中心特征,对流层下层850 h Pa和上层200~300 h Pa均存在经向风大值中心;我国东部上空300 h Pa上,副热带地区波动比850 h Pa更明显,60°N附近波动向东南方向移动,同样在我国东部地区合并,波动辐合导致波动能量增强。     

东亚季风区大气季节内振荡经向与纬向传播特征分析

将NECP/NCAR资料中850 hPa纬向风分量进行30～60天带通滤波, 研究东亚季风区大气季节内振荡的传播特征。分析表明, 夏季东亚季风区大气季节内振荡(ISO)的传播分为经向传播和纬向传播, 其中经向传播主要为热带地区ISO的向北传播, 纬向传播则是分别起源于印度季风区的ISO东传和起源于西太平洋海域的ISO西传。东传和西传的ISO在120°E附近汇合后增强自热带地区北传到此的ISO, 使得ISO在经向上可以继续向北传播, 其最北界可达35°N以北, 并对我国长江中下游地区夏季降水产生一定的影响。     

东亚高层纬向风季节内振荡与盛夏登陆中国大陆热带气旋频数年际变化的联系

利用1979-2017年欧洲中期天气预报中心提供的ERA-Interim再分析数据与中国气象局-上海台风研究所(China Meteorological Administration-Shanghai Typhoon Research Institute,CMA-STI)、美国联合台风警报中心(Joint Typhoo...     

东亚—西北太平洋地区夏季季节内振荡的年代际变化

本文重点分析对比热带夏季季节内振荡(Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation, BSISO)1987—1995年(P1),1996—2007年(P2)和2008—2017年(P3)三阶段东亚—西北太平洋地区(East Asian-Western North Pacific, EAWNP)5—9月BSISO年代际变化的季节内差异特征。结果表明,在P1和P3两阶段,5—7月EAWNP BSISO强度几乎相同,但P2中每个月均显著增强,表明5—7月EAWNP BSISO经历了P1—P2增强和P2—P3减弱的年代际变化。8月,EAWNP BSISO强度从P1到P3逐渐增强,P3阶段比P1有显著增强,孟加拉湾和东亚副热带区域的BSISO活动增强。和P1相比,南海地区BSISO活动在P2阶段异常活跃,在5—7月强度增强,并且北传显著。在P2阶段,负位相的太平洋年代际(Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, IPO)对应的赤道西太平洋和印度洋海温增暖,及Walker环流的增强为5—7月BSISO活动提供了水汽和对流发展的有利条件,而南...     

东亚夏季风的季节内振荡研究

利用动力学因子和热力学因子结合的方法,将东亚夏季风区的西南风与OLR进行了综合处理,构造成东亚季风指数(IM).研究结果表明,该指数既可很好地反映东亚季风区的风场、高度场的环流特征,又能较好地描述我国长江中下游地区夏季降水和气温的变化.通过功率谱和带通滤波结合的方法研究东亚夏季风中的季节内振荡,东亚夏季风区内低频振荡在夏季主要是以30～60天周期的振荡为主;东亚夏季风的季节内振荡在东亚沿海呈波列的形式,并表现为随时间向北传播的季风涌;由于该季节内振荡的波动,造成了东亚热带夏季风在东亚热带和副热带地区活动的反位相关系.     

夏季亚洲-太平洋遥相关季节演变与大气环流和降水

利用1981-2007年逐日大气再分析资料和降水资料以及统计分析方法,研究了夏季(5-9月)亚洲与太平洋区域的大气遥相关,并分析了其季节演变与夏季亚洲-太平洋大气环流和亚洲季风区降水的联系.结果表明:在5-9月逐日对流层上层扰动温度场上,亚洲与北太平洋中纬度存在着类似于亚洲太平洋涛动的遥相关现象,即在季节尺度上,当亚洲大陆中纬度对流层上层偏暖时,北太平洋中纬度对流层上层偏冷,反之亦然;亚洲与太平洋对流层上层温度的反位相变化特征也出现在对流层中下层和平流层低层.亚洲-太平洋涛动指数不仅可以指示夏季亚洲与太平洋中纬度纬向热力差异的变化特征,也可以较好地指示亚洲与热带印度洋经向热力差异的变化特征.亚洲-太平洋涛动指数最大值常出现在7月中旬到8月初,并且从1981年到2007年该最大值出现时间有偏早趋势.当夏季亚洲太平洋涛动指数偏高(低)时,亚洲大陆上空的南亚高压和其下方的亚洲大陆低压系统偏强(弱),太平洋副热带高压偏强(弱)并偏北(南),亚洲-非洲上空的热带东风急流和低层的西南风偏强(弱),从印度到中国华南的广大地区、中国华北以及东北亚等地降水偏多(少).     

东亚高空纬向风的季节内振荡对登陆中国大陆热带气旋活动的影响

使用1979—2015年欧洲长期天气预报中心所提供的ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的西北太平洋热带气旋（TC）最佳路径资料,分析了7—8月东亚高空纬向风的季节内振荡（ISO）信号特征及其与登陆中国大陆热带气旋（TC）的关系。结果表明:（1）200 hPa纬向风在副热带、中纬度地区季节内振荡显著,尤其是在纬向西风带中,有两个南北分布的大值中心,方差贡献均超过50%。（2）基于东亚高空纬向风的ISO和EOF典型空间模定义的西风指数(EAWI),可以用来描述东亚高空纬向西风在ISO尺度上的经向移动。（3）在西风指数的ISO负位相期间,登陆中国东南沿岸22 °N以北的TC增多;反之减少。在西风急流出口南侧的副热带区域,200 hPa ISO纬向风向北移动,使纬向西风位置偏北,出现东风异常,从而使西风减弱;TC引导气流为向西的异常,有利于TC登陆中国大陆偏北沿岸;同时有异常的ISO纬向异常东风切变,有利于TC登陆过程的维持。（4）在西风指数的ISO负位相期间,在对流层高层西风急流出口区向南输送的天气尺度的E矢量,在TC登陆地区,出现异常扰动涡度通量的辐合,引起了该区域的西风减弱。      

冬季东太平洋峡谷风的季节内变化及相联系的海气特征

基于高分辨的卫星资料和再分析资料,本文采用合成分析、相关分析和带通滤波等方法研究了季节内时间尺度上东太平洋峡谷风的变化,并首先发现冬季东太平洋峡谷风存在4~16 d的季节内变化周期。进一步分析表明在该时间尺度上峡谷风异常与局地海温异常之间的关系存在由负相关到正相关的明显转变,在峡谷风强度达到最大之前及最大时,峡谷风异常与局地海温异常之间的关系主要表现为大气对海洋的强迫作用,北风分量的加强使中高纬度干冷空气进入峡谷风地区,海表面的净热通量损失使得海温降低。在峡谷风强度达到最大之后其与局地海温异常的关系则转变为海洋对大气的强迫作用,冷海温异常可一直持续到峡谷风强度达到最大后的第六天。冷海温异常的维持使得湍流混合受到抑制,导致其上的海表面风速减小。此外,峡谷风的季节内变化可能与东太平洋至北美上空的大气环流异常及其演变有关。在湾区峡谷风达到最大之前,北太平洋海平面气压正异常逐渐东移南下并在其最大时到达墨西哥湾上空,使得北美高压增强,湾区两侧气压差增大,对应湾区峡谷风达到最大。     

热带大气季节内振荡对东亚季风区的影响及不同时间尺度变化研究进展

在引证论述大气ISO对东亚季风区天气气候重要作用的基础上,概括性地回顾大气ISO基本特征及其形成机制的主要成果,重点针对热带大气ISO的季节变化、年际变化甚至年代际变化方面的研究工作进行总结评述.     

利用大气环流模式讨论舍入误差对东亚和西北太平洋夏季气候模拟的影响

采用单精度和双精度编译的大气环流模式对东亚以及西北太平洋气候进行集合模拟,分析舍入误差对大气环流模式在东亚和西北太平洋区域夏季气候模拟的影响,结果表明采用双精度编译的模式在850 hPa环流场比单精度模式模拟效果要好。为了进一步分析双精度模式模拟效果优于单精度模式的原因,集中研究了850 hPa纬向风场的模拟情况。结果表明,双精度模式对东亚以及西太平洋850 hPa纬向风场第1模态有着更好的模拟,而且第2模态的时间序列与再分析资料850hPa纬向风场的第2模态时间序列有着更好的相关。这些结果表明,由于舍入误差的影响使得该区域大气内部噪音更强烈,从而使得海温强迫导致的气候变率变弱,进而使得双精度编译的模式对东亚和西北太平洋区域气候的模拟要优于单精度模式。     

Potential Correlation between the Decadal East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

This study discusses the potential contribution of the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)to the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)and the evident correlation between the positive PDO and"Southern flood and Northern drought(SFND)"summer rainfall pattern over East China.The mechanism behind this contribution is also discussed.     

冬季北太平洋涛动异常与东亚冬季风和我国天气气候的关系

用1948-2000年的北半球海平面气压场月平均资料，计算了北太平洋涛动指数和东亚冬季风指数，并研究了北太平洋涛动与东亚冬季风及我国冬季天气气候的关系。研究表明，北太平洋涛动异常变化与我国冬季天气、气候关系密切。强涛动年，东亚冬季风偏弱，我国气温普遍偏高，长江中下游地区降水偏少，而华南降水偏多；而弱涛动指数年，东亚冬季风偏强，我国气温普遍偏低，降水偏少。此外，还指出，强(弱)INPO年大气环流具有弱(强)WP型和强(弱)EU遥相关型。     

Simulating the intraseasonal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon by IAP AGCM4.0

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the intraseasonal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） simulated by IAP AGCM 4.0, the fourth-generation atmospheric general circulation model recently developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In general, the model simulates the intraseasonal evolution of the EASM and the related rain belt. Besides, the model also simulates the two northward jumps of the westem Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）, which are closely related to the convective activities in the warm pool region and Rossby wave activities in high latitudes. Nevertheless, some evident biases in the model were found to exist. Due to a stronger WPSH, the model fails to simulate the rain belt in southern China during May and June. Besides, the model simulates a later retreat of the EASM, which is attributed to the overestimated land-sea thermal contrast in August. In particular, the timing of the two northward jumps of the WPSH in the model is not coincident with the observation, with a later jump by two pentads for the first jump and an earlier jump by one pentad for the second, i.e., the interval between the two jumps is shorter than the observation. This bias is mainly ascribed to a shorter oscillating periodicity of convection in the tropical northwestern Pacific.     

Spring Indian Ocean-western Pacific SST contrast and the East Asian summer rainfall anomaly

studying the relationship between SST in the tropical Indian Ocean （TIO）, tropical western Pacific （TWP）, and tropical eastern Pacific （TEP） and East Asian summer rainfall （EASR）, using data provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD and the National Climate Center of China for the period 1979-2008, an index, SSTDI, was defined to describe the SST difference between the TIO and TWP. In comparison with the winter ENSO, the spring SST contrast between the TIO and TWP was found to be more significantly associated with summer rainfall in East Asia, especially along the EASR band and in Northeast China. This spring SST contrast can persist into summer, resulting in a more significant meridional teleconnection pattern of lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies over the western North Pacific and East Asia. These circulation anomalies are dynamically consistent with the summer rainfall anomaly along the EASR band. When the SSTDI is higher （lower） than normal, the EASR over the Yangtze River valley, Korea, and central and southern Japan is heavier （less） than normal. The present results suggest that this spring SST contrast can be used as a new and better predictor of EASR anomalies.     

An Index Measuring the Interannual Variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon ——The EAP Index

Based on the EAP (East Asia/Pacific) teleconnection in the summer circulation anomalies over ther Northern Hemisphere, an index measuring the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon, i.e., the so-called EAP index, is defined in this paper. From the analyses of observed data, it is clearly shown that the EAP index defined in this study can well describe the interannual variability of summer rainfall and surface air temperature in East Asia, especially in the Yangtze River valley and the Huaihe River valley, Korea,and Japan. Moreover, this index can also reflect the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon system including the monsoon horizontal circulation and the vertical-meridional circulation cell over East Asia. From the composite analyses of climate and monsoon circulation anomalies for high EAP index and for low EAP index, respectively, it is well demonstrated that the EAP index proposed in this study can well measure the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon.     

Responses of the East Asian Jet Stream to the North Pacific Subtropical Front in Spring

This study concerns atmospheric responses to the North Pacific subtropical front(NPSTF) in boreal spring over the period 1982–2014. Statistical results show that a strong NPSTF in spring can significantly enhance the East Asian jet stream(EAJS). Both transient eddy activity and the atmospheric heat source play important roles in this process. The enhanced atmospheric temperature gradient due to a strong NPSTF increases atmospheric baroclinicity, resulting in an intensification of transient eddy and convection activities. On the one hand, the enhanced transient eddy activities can excite an anomalous cyclonic circulation with a quasi-baraotropical structure in the troposphere to the north of the NPSTF. Accordingly, the related westerly wind anomalies around 30?N can intensify the component of the EAJS over the Northeast Pacific. On the other hand, an enhanced atmospheric heat source over the NPSTF, which is related to increased rainfall, acts to excite an anomalous cyclonic circulation system in the troposphere to the northwest of the NPSTF, which can explain the enhanced component of the EAJS over the Northwest Pacific. The two mechanisms may combine to enhance the EAJS.     

东亚-太平洋遥相关型波列对夏季东北亚阻塞高压年际变化的影响

利用1980～1988年9年的观测资料,分析了夏季东北亚阻塞高压的年际变化及其与江淮地区夏季降水之间的关系,指出夏季东北亚阻塞高压具有十分明显的年际变化,同时它与江淮地区夏季降水之间存在着较密切的关系:当夏季东北亚阻塞高压频发时,江淮地区降水偏多;而当夏季东北亚阻塞高压维持日数少时,江淮地区降水偏少。为考察产生上述结果的原因,我们分析了全球海温异常,并利用合成的热带西太平洋海温异常模拟研究了热带西太平洋海温异常对东北亚阻塞高压形成和维持的影响。最后指出热带西太平洋海温异常引起的东亚-太平洋型遥相关波列是产生夏季东北亚阻塞高压的年际变化及其与江淮地区夏季降水之间关系的一个重要原因。     

Simple metrics for representing East Asian winter monsoon variability: Urals blocking and western Pacific teleconnection patterns

Instead of conventional East Asian winter monsoon indices(EAWMIs), we simply use two large-scale teleconnection patterns to represent long-term variations in the EAWM. First, the Urals blocking pattern index(UBI) is closely related to cold air advection from the high latitudes towards western Siberia, such that it shows an implicit linkage with the Siberian high intensity and the surface air temperature(SAT) variations north of 40?N in the EAWM region. Second, the well-known western Pacific teleconnection index(WPI) is connected with the meridional displacement of the East Asian jet stream and the East Asian trough. This is strongly related to the SAT variations in the coastal area south of 40?N in the EAWM region.The temperature variation in the EAWM region is also represented by the two dominant temperature modes, which are called the northern temperature mode(NTM) and the southern temperature mode(STM). Compared to 19 existing EAWMIs and other well-known teleconnection patterns, the UBI shows the strongest correlation with the NTM, while the WPI shows an equally strong correlation with the STM as four EAWMIs. The UBI–NTM and WPI–STM relationships are robust when the correlation analysis is repeated by(1) the 31-year running correlation and(2) the 8-year high-pass and low-pass filter. Hence,these results are useful for analyzing the large-scale teleconnections of the EAWM and for evaluating this issue in climate models. In particular, more studies should focus on the teleconnection patterns over extratropical Eurasia.     

热带印度洋和太平洋增暖对东亚夏季风趋势的相反影响

利用多成员集合试验结果,比较分析了热带印度洋和太平洋增暖各自对东亚夏季风趋势变化的影响。试验所用模式是GFDLAM2大气环流模式,增暖是通过在气候平均海洋表面温度（SST）基础上,叠加随时间线性增加的、相当于实际50a左右达到的SST异常来实现的。结果表明：热带印度洋和太平洋共同增暖有使东亚夏季风减弱的趋势。相比较而言,单独印度洋增暖有使东亚夏季风增强、华北降水增多的趋势,而单独太平洋增暖有使东亚夏季风减弱的趋势,即印度洋增暖与太平洋增暖对东亚夏季风存在相反的、竞争性影响。进一步分析指出,热带太平洋特别是热带中东太平洋的增温可能对20世纪70年代末期开始的夏季风年代际减弱有更重要的贡献;在未来热带印度洋和太平洋持续增暖、但增暖强度纬向差异减小的新情况下,东亚夏季风减弱的趋势可能还将持续。