Mapping a coastal transition in braided systems: an example from the Precipice Sandstone,Surat Basin

The Precipice Sandstone is traditionally interpreted as a braided fluvial deposit that transitions upwards into meandering channel deposits responding to a rise in base level that eventually deposits the overlying alluvial to lacustrine Evergreen Formation. This study found sedimentary evidence of tidal to marine influence within the Precipice Sandstone coincident with avulsion and diversion of the system from southward to northward-flowing channels as the system was transgressed. The north-flowing channels are interpreted to debouch into a shallow restricted marine embayment with tide and wave influence, which provides an alternative insight into this unit and suggests a Lower Jurassic north or northeasterly marine connection. The Precipice Sandstone is a regional aquifer, in places hosts hydrocarbons and has been considered as a storage unit for CO₂ geosequestration. Outcrop analogues can provide geometries to accompany facies interpreted from sedimentary structures that are observable in core, to assist in characterising reservoir heterogeneity.     

Evolution of the depositional environments of the Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures,Surat Basin,Queensland, Australia

The Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures of the Surat Basin in eastern Australia host the continent's most significant coal bed methane resources. Previous studies have interpreted the Walloon Coal Measures within a single depositional facies model encompassing a wholly terrestrial setting. Using a multidisciplinary approach (facies analysis, palynology and wireline logs), the evolution of the Walloon Coal Measures is described within a new chronostratigraphic framework defined by accurate and precise U–Pb tuff dates. Analysis of sedimentary facies indicates that the majority of the Walloon Coal Measures was deposited by relatively small (<300 m wide), low gradient rivers on a poorly‐drained floodplain with numerous small lakes and mires. However, this study also identified some marine‐influenced facies with brackish palynomorphs (notably dinoflagellate cysts) and tidal sedimentary structures. These facies appear to have been deposited in estuaries during times of transgression. The evidence for base level shifts suggests that the coals may not have coevally accumulated with at least some of the thicker sandstones. Palaeogeographic maps for eleven time intervals suggest that rivers drained towards to the south/south‐west and south‐east, as indicated by sandstone percentage and gross unit isopach maps, presumably into proximal estuarine complexes. Marine incursions into the continent probably came from the north and east during times of high eustatic sea level and as precursors to those of the more persistent and extensive transgressions of the Early Cretaceous. A similar multidisciplinary approach should help to elucidate the evolution of other fluviolacustrine systems in other basins and aid in resource prediction.     

Early Jurassic palaeoenvironments in the Surat Basin,Australia – marine incursion into eastern Gondwana

Interpretations of palaeodepositional environments are important for reconstructing Earth history. Only a few maps showing the Jurassic depositional environments in eastern Australia currently exist. Consequently, a detailed understanding of the setting of Australia in Gondwana is lacking. Core, wireline logs, two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic from the Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation in the Surat Basin have been used to construct maps showing the evolution of depositional environments through the Early Jurassic. The results indicate the succession consists of three third-order sequences (Sequence 1 to Sequence 3) that were controlled by eustatic sea level. The lowstand systems tract in Sequence 1 comprises braidplain deposits, confined to a fairway that parallels the basin centre. The strata were initially deposited in two sub-basins, with rivers flowing in different orientations in each sub-basin. The transgressive systems tract of Sequence 1 to lowstand systems tract of Sequence 3 is dominated by fluvio–deltaic systems infilling a single merged basin centre. Finally, the transgressive and highstand systems tracts of Sequence 3 show nearshore environments depositing sediment into a shallow marine basin. In the youngest part of this interval, ironstone shoals are the most conspicuous facies, the thickness and number of which increase towards the north and east. This study interprets a corridor to the open ocean through the Clarence–Moreton Basin, or the Carpentaria and Papuan basins, evidence of which has been eroded. These results challenge a commonly held view that eastern Australia was not influenced by eustasy, and propose a more dynamic palaeogeographic setting comprising a mixture of fluvial, deltaic and shallow marine sedimentary environments. This work can be used to unravel the stratigraphic relationships between Mesozoic eastern Australian basins, or in other basins globally as an analogue for understanding the complex interplay of paralic depositional systems in data poor areas.     

Stratigraphic and depositional framework of the Walloon Subgroup,eastern Surat Basin,Queensland

The Middle Jurassic Walloon Subgroup is a prolific coal seam gas (CSG) resource in the Surat Basin, Queensland. Sedimentary framework models constrain stochastic reservoir models of the geological heterogeneity, but there is limited basin analysis information in the public domain. Here we present a regionally consistent stratigraphic framework model for the Walloon CSG play in the eastern Surat Basin. Lithostratigraphic correlation of open-file industry and government wireline logs supports the interpretation of six subunits in the eastern Surat Basin (oldest–youngest: Durabilla Formation; Taroom Coal Measures; Tangalooma Sandstone; and Juandah Coal Measures, informally divided into three members named the lower Juandah Coal Measures, Juandah sandstone and upper Juandah Coal Measures). Important findings are that subunits within the Walloon Subgroup do not correlate along the entire CSG play area; in many places, the overlying Springbok Sandstone (Upper Jurassic) has incised to the lower Juandah Coal Measures level, removing the upper coal seam groups. The Walloon Subgroup thins to the south through a combination of depositional thinning and truncation. Lithofacies analysis and isopach maps support deposition in a southerly prograding fluvial system or clastic wedge. This stratigraphic and depositional interpretation informs models for hydrogeological studies of the Walloon Subgroup and underpins a regional assessment of controls on microbial methane distribution.     

塔里木盆地东部下志留统下砂岩段储层特征

塔里木盆地东部的志留系为一套海相碎屑岩沉积,现今仅保存有下志留统,分布在铁南2井、维马1井以南、阿南1井以北的东西向狭长地带内。下志留统的下砂岩段是油气勘探的主要目的层之一,发育扇三角洲沉积体系。下砂岩段储层岩性为岩屑砂岩,储集空间类型主要为剩余原生粒间孔,压实作用是影响储层物性的主要因素。在下砂岩段储层中,中砂岩的储集性能相对较好,其孔隙度多数在10%以上,是下砂岩段的主要含油气储层。后期的成岩作用改善了局部层段的储层物性。经历了漫长的地质演化后,下砂岩段依然保存有物性条件较好的储层段,可能蕴涵了商业油气储量。     

Subduction geometry controls on dynamic topography: implications for the Jurassic Surat Basin

The Late Jurassic Springbok unconformity in the Surat Basin remains to date at odds with our understanding of basin-forming processes. A previously proposed cause for the unconformity is uplift related to the rifting of the Argo landmass from Western Australia, but the great distance between the Surat Basin and the Argo rift-zone argues against this interpretation. A more likely scenario is that the uplift was related to a west-dipping subduction zone along the east Australian margin. Numerous examples around the world link subduction processes, such as tears and detaching segments of the slab, to variations in surface topography. We used geodynamic forward modelling to generate uplift in the overriding plate of a subduction zone, as well as topographic changes that occur as subduction is disrupted by slab breakoff or tears. Our findings suggest that slab tearing can produce distribution and magnitude of uplift consistent with the Jurassic uplift in the Surat Basin, which potentially adds new insights into the tectonic evolution of eastern Australia.     

Sedimentary Conditions of Evaporites in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation, Qiangtang Basin: Evidence from Geochemistry Records

The Qiangtang Basin (QB), located in the central Tibetan Plateau, is a Jurassic marine basin and one of the most important prospective salt resource belts in China. In recent decades, many outcrops of gypsiferous?bed have been found in the Jurassic marine strata in the basin. Salt springs with abnormally high sodium (Na+) contents had been identified in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation (Fm.) in the basin in the last years. However, to date, no potash or halite deposits have been identified in the QB. Gypsum outcrops and salt springs are very important?signs in the investigation of halite and potash deposits. Therefore, the Xiali Fm. is?a potentially valuable layer to evaluate for the possible presence of halite and potash deposits in the basin. However,?few studies?have explored the formation?conditions of evaporites in the unit. Here, we present detailed geochemical records from the Yanshiping section related to the study of the formation?conditions of evaporites in the Xiali Fm. of the QB. Climate proxies based on the obviously increased anion concentrations of SO42? and Cl? and the significant correlation?coefficients of Ca2+-SO42? (R = 0.985) and Na+-Cl? (R = 0.8974) reveal that the upper member of the Xiali Fm. (the upper Xiali Fm.) formed under an arid climate and evolved into the sulfate phase or early chloride phase. Provenance proxies based on the obviously increased K+ and Na+ ion concentrations and the significant correlation?coefficient of Na+-Cl? (R = 0.8974) suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. featured optimal provenance conditions for the possible formation of halite deposits. The regression and the semi-closed tidal?flat environment in the upper Xiali Fm. were favorable for the formation of potash and halite deposits. The low Mg2+ /Ca2+ values (mean value = 1.82) and significant Na+-Cl? correlation?coefficient (R = 0.8974) also suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. is the layer most likely to contain potential halite deposits. In addition, the macroscopic correlations of tectonism, provenance, paleoclimate, saliferous strata and sedimentary?environment between the QB and the adjoining Amu Darya Basin in Central Asia reveal that the two basins shared similar geologic settings that were favorable for the formation of evaporites during the Late Jurassic. Therefore, the upper Xiali Fm. is a valuable layer to explore for halite deposit and may be potentially valuable in the future exploration for potash deposits in the QB.     

Sandstone grain size characteristics of the Upper Jurassic Emuerhe Formation in the western region,Mohe Basin (NE China)

The Upper Jurassic Emuerhe Formation was developed with abundant sedimentary facies types in the western section of the Mohe Basin. Based on the systematic sampling and detailed observation on the Emuerhe Formation of this section, the research on the sandstone grain size characteristics of the Emuerhe Formation was carried out with the grain size parameters features (Mz, SK₁, K_G and σ₁), the sensitive components parameters features (SCPGS, SCGSR and SCPV) and the grain size analytical graphs features (grain size frequency curves, grain size cumulative curves, probability cumulative curves and C–M plots). The comprehensive analytical results illustrate that the hydrodynamic energy of the Emuerhe Formation (three times fan delta facies, two times sandy shallow lake microfacies and five times turbidite deposit) in the western section gradually reduced from bottom to top. In addition, the hydrodynamic energy of each fan delta facies gradually enhanced from bottom to top. Based on the analysis of the hydrodynamic conditions of the Emuerhe Formation in the western section, the hydrodynamic conditions evolution history of this section can be divided into five sedimentary phases, namely respectively for the fan delta sedimentary phase, the first‐time sandy shallow lake microfacies sedimentary phase, the short‐term deep lake subfacies sedimentary phase, the second‐time sandy shallow lake microfacies sedimentary phase and the relatively stable deep lake subfacies sedimentary phase from bottom to top. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系直罗组砂岩发育特征

根据岩性旋回结构,在全盆地范围将直罗组划分为上、下两段。分段制图表明,直罗组上、下段地层厚度展布规律与全组厚度展布规律基本一致,均表现为西厚东薄;上段地层较下段厚。下段砂岩层数少、单层厚度大;而上段砂岩以层多、层薄为特点。直罗组砂岩总体成熟度较低,区域制图和碎屑组分等反映周缘存在多个源区。砂岩粒度分布表现为河道和分流河道等沉积特征。直罗组砂岩发育多种反映陆上河流沉积环境的层面和层理构造。综合分析认为,在今残留盆地范围内,直罗组下段以辫状河、曲流河沉积为主,东北部可见三角洲平原沉积。上段以辫状河、曲流河、三角洲和湖泊沉积为主。直罗组下段辫状河道砂岩具有良好的渗透性、连通性和成层性,是砂岩型铀矿和石油的良好储层。
     

四川盆地回龙地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段混积岩特征及模式

川西回龙地区自流井组大安寨段发育湖相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩的混合沉积,结合野外露头、钻井岩芯、测井和显微组构等资料的综合分析,对该研究区混积岩沉积微相特征进行了精细刻画。研究认为,回龙地区大安寨段属湖泊混合沉积相,分为滨浅湖混合沉积和半深湖混合沉积两个亚相,并划分了五个沉积微相,分别为高能介壳滩混合沉积微相,低能介壳滩混合沉积微相,砂质浅滩混合沉积微相,浅湖混合沉积微相以及半深湖混合沉积微相。基于所划分的混合沉积相的特征和四川盆地以及研究区回龙大安寨段在侏罗纪的沉积相演变过程,分析了该区混积岩的成因及混合沉积演化模式。得出结论:研究区湖相混合沉积主要受物源供给和水动力条件的控制,在五种不同混合沉积微相控制作用下形成了不同类型的混积岩。     

羌塘盆地中晚侏罗世雁石坪剖面夏里组古盐度与成盐意义

羌塘盆地是一个具有成盐远景的蒸发岩盆地,对羌塘盆地侏罗系雁石坪群夏里组出露的石膏层和具有钾、钠异常的盐泉水研究表明,夏里组是羌塘盆地潜在的形成钠盐、钾盐的目标层位之一。本文通过对羌塘盆地雁石坪剖面夏里组硼元素、锶元素和钡元素的测量,计算Adams古盐度和Sr/Ba比值,来恢复雁石坪剖面夏里组的古盐度。根据Sr/Ba比值、Adams古盐度和Walker相当硼含量的变化趋势,雁石坪剖面夏里组古盐度可以划分为以下3个阶段:夏里组下段(0~260 m、164~162.3 Ma)淡水环境、中段(260~500 m、162.3~160.7 Ma)咸水环境和上段(500~608 m、160.7~160.2 Ma)超咸水环境。另外,通过分析物源、气候以及古地理条件,认为夏里组具备适宜成盐的物源、气候和古地理条件,根据夏里组上段Ca^2+-SO4^2-离子、Na^+-Cl^-离子和K^+-Cl^-离子的相关性分析表明,夏里组上段古环境已经演化到沉积硫酸盐阶段或者沉积氯化物早期阶段,即夏里组上段形成石盐的环境要优于形成钾盐的环境。     

Lithostratigraphy and depositional environment of the Permian Nowra Sandstone in the southwestern Sydney Basin,Australia

Lithofacies in the mid‐Permian Nowra Sandstone indicate a middle/upper shoreface to foreshore environment of deposition under the influence of storm‐generated waves and north‐northeasterly directed longshore currents. Palaeogeographic reconstruction for the Nowra Sandstone portrays a sand‐dominated high energy shelf and offshore shoal forming a sequence thickening seaward away from the western shore of the Sydney Basin. The shoal‐crest at the outer edge of the shelf trends north‐northeast. It is characterized by fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstone with upper flow regime structures and a high proportion of conglomerate, whereas coarser sandstone with lower energy bedforms occurs along the seaward side of the shoal. In the deeper water to the east, the lower Nowra Sandstone becomes rapidly thinner as it passes seaward, via bioturbated storm redeposited sandstone beds, into the shelf deposits of the Wandrawandian Siltstone. This sequence accumulated during a regressive event and the base of the formation becomes progressively younger eastward. The sand may have been supplied by rivers along the western coast but the major source was south of the study area. The lower Nowra Sandstone is separated from the upper part of the formation by an extensive ravinement surface overlain by the Purnoo Conglomerate Member. In contrast to the lower unit, the upper Nowra Sandstone forms a westward thickening wedge that represents a backstepping nearshore sand facies that accumulated during a transgression. The upper Nowra Sandstone passes vertically and laterally eastward into the Berry Siltstone. Thus both boundaries of the Nowra Sandstone are diachronous, first younging eastward and then westward as a response to a regressive‐transgressive episode.     

四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组陆相页岩油气地质特征

四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组发育东岳庙段和大安寨段两套富有机质页岩层系,主要为湖泊相的页岩夹粉砂岩、介壳灰岩。基于页岩、介壳灰岩和粉砂岩之间的组合特征,自流井组共识别出3类7种页岩岩相组合类型。页岩有机质丰度中等,有机质类型以Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型为主,热演化程度中等,油气共存。页岩储集空间既有无机孔,也有有机质孔,局部发育微裂缝。自流井组页岩中无机矿物与有机质、有机质与有机质孔的配置关系控制着页岩源—储配置的有效性,在较高的演化程度下,随着TOC的增大有机质孔隙度增大,页岩的源—储配置关系变好。刚性矿物稳定支撑格架下保存的固体沥青个体大,内部有机质孔数量多、孔径大;黏土矿物不稳定支撑格架下保存的沥青呈长条形,内部的有机质孔孔径较小。基于页岩层系不同岩性源—储耦合条件评价结果,页岩的源—储耦合条件明显优于夹层,源—储耦合条件好的优质页岩层段是页岩油气的甜点层段,其中黏土质页岩最好,介壳灰质页岩、粉砂质页岩为次;介壳灰岩和粉砂岩夹层不具备烃源条件且储集条件差,只能与相邻的富有机质页岩形成近源聚集体系。     

河南省济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积特征及其构造意义*

在详细野外剖面工作的基础上,通过岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积序列等的系统观察研究,发现济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积由滑塌沉积、砂质碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积构成。滑塌沉积以砂岩和泥岩的混杂、岩层的滑动变形以及泥岩呈碎块被卷入砂岩层中为特征;砂质碎屑流沉积常呈厚层块状,颗粒分选和磨圆较差,杂基较多,可见漂浮于层内的石灰岩砾石;常见的浊流沉积分为2种类型: 具有明显正粒序结构的浊流沉积和砂泥岩薄互层的浊流沉积,可用鲍马序列来描述。鞍腰组重力流沉积可划分为3个沉积序列: 序列A记录了滑塌沉积→砂质碎屑流沉积→浊流沉积→深湖沉积的转换过程;序列B表现为砂质碎屑流与浊流沉积的叠覆;序列C由浊流及湖泊沉积构成,并经历了由序列A→序列B→序列C的沉积演化过程。重力流的形成受秦岭造山带于早侏罗世沿三门峡—鲁山—舞阳断裂发生逆冲推覆作用的控制,其沉积演化指示了秦岭造山带造山作用由强到弱的过程。     

准噶尔盆地东缘中侏罗统头屯河组层序地层与沉积演化

为揭示准噶尔盆地东缘中侏罗统头屯河组(J2t)层序地层特征及其沉积充填规律,结合露头、岩心及测井资料并运用高分辨率层序地层理论,对研究区头屯河组层序地层进行划分对比,对其沉积相展布特征和沉积环境演化规律进行研究。结果表明:头屯河组可划分出个1个Ⅲ级旋回、3个Ⅳ级旋回及9个Ⅴ级旋回,沉积物岩性以砂砾岩和泥岩为主,沉积环境主要为辫状河、辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖,发育向上"变深"对称型和非对称型的两种结构类型。头屯河组沉积时期湖泊较浅,沉积基底平缓,湖泊边缘坡度小,在头屯河组下段(J2t1)时期到头屯河组上段(J2t2)段时期经历了湖侵演变过程。结合研究区的层序地层和沉积相展布特征,认为研究区中侏罗统头屯河组具有辫状河、辫状河三角洲及湖泊3种沉积环境相结合的沉积演化模式。     

Fluvial architecture and diagenesis of the Mt Eclipse Sandstone,northern Ngalia Basin,Australia

The Upper Devonian to Carboniferous Mt Eclipse Sandstone is a basin-wide host to uranium mineralisation in the Ngalia Basin, NT. The fluvial depositional architecture and diagenesis of the Mt Eclipse Sandstone at the Bigrlyi uranium deposit on the northern margin of the basin are deduced from hyperspectral mineral results captured from 200 drill holes, combined with core and outcrop observations across a ~10 km strike length. The succession hosting the uranium mineralisation is interpreted to be deposited in the lower parts of a mature alluvial fan system with low slope angle and dominated by immature, kaolinised, medium-grained subarkosic sandstones and patchy calcite cement. This study reveals the fluvial channel sequence is estimated to be 3 km wide, 100–200 m thick and sourced from the north. This multidisciplinary study also uncovers the complex interaction and codependencies between fluvial/groundwater activity, evaporation, oxidation, fluctuating pH and detrital mineralogy controlling early diagenetic processes in the alluvial fan sediments. Carbon isotope data identify calcite cements as groundwater calcrete, while strontium isotope data suggest limited prolonged water–rock interaction prior and during calcite cementation. The petrographic data reveal the importance of early calcite cement occluding all pore space and preserving detrital minerals from later diagenetic processes. The hyperspectral results highlight the intermittent distribution of the calcite cement and the commonly repetitive mineralogical zonation throughout the 200 drill holes, including the inverse spatial correlation between kaolinite ± goethite ± gypsum vs white mica ± hematite dominated zones. X-ray diffraction and the hyperspectral data reveal the scarcity of early diagenetic clay minerals such as montmorillonite. This paper is the first to report on a systematic mineralogical and sedimentological study for the Mt Eclipse Sandstone. By focusing on the diagenesis and fluvial architecture of this stratigraphic unit, a framework to support exploration for sediment-hosted uranium deposits is established.     

北羌塘盆地中部上侏罗统研究新进展

北羌塘盆地腹地自然条件恶劣 ,地层研究难度极大。经在北羌塘盆地腹地东湖、河湾山、长水河及半岛湖等地进行了详细的岩石地层及生物地层研究工作 ,依据岩石特征和生物化石特征 ,将上侏罗统二分 :下部灰岩层为索瓦组 ,含 L acunosella triobatiformis- Pentithyris vulgaris、Radulopecten fibrosus- Gervillella aviculoides组合 ,其时限为牛津期 ;上部灰岩、碎屑岩互层为白龙冰河组 ,具 Radulopecten scarburgensis、R.moondanensis、Cladophylliaqeibulaensis、Stylosmilia chaputi化石 ,其主体时限为基默里奇期—提塘期 ,顶部可能跨入早白垩世。白龙冰河组的确立 ,是北羌塘盆地上侏罗统岩石地层与生物地层研究上一个新进展     

西藏措勤盆地上侏罗统吐卡日组上下段的厘定及其礁灰岩发现的油气勘探意义

西藏班戈县保吉地区各昌茶玉剖面发现晚侏罗世珊瑚化石约12属16种,分别为Calamophylliopsis?sp.,Clausastraea?sp.,Epistreptophyllum cylindratum Milaschevitsch,Epistreptophyllum sp.,Heliocoenia aff.etalloni Koby,Kobyastraea?sp.,Montlivaltia tenuilamellats Roniewicz,Montlivaltia?sp.,Myriophyllia?sp.,Pseudocoenia hexaphyllia(d’Orbigny),Pseudocoenia?sp.,Rhipidogyra?sp.,Stephanastraea?sp.,Stylina?sp.,Stylina cf.subramosa de Fromentel,Thecosmilia?sp.等。化石指示各昌茶玉剖面上部第42—80层时代为晚侏罗世牛津期—基默里奇期,表明各昌茶玉剖面地层并不属于原划的中二叠统下拉组。本文依据化石及岩性特点将其修订为上侏罗统吐卡日组。根据保吉地区的吐卡日组与上下地层的接触关系及其岩性变化可划分为上下两段地层,各昌茶玉剖面代表吐卡日组下段地层,主要为厚层碳酸盐岩夹少量泥页岩及多层礁灰岩。久朗仓剖面代表吐卡日组上段地层,为一套碳酸盐岩夹大量粗碎屑岩地层。吐卡日组下段在措勤盆地内部、班公湖—怒江缝合带内广泛分布,指示晚侏罗世措勤盆地发育大面积广阔稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,其中生物礁表明晚侏罗世碳酸盐岩台地具有优越的油气生成和储集条件。     

新疆准噶尔盆地侏罗系齐古组凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

报道了准噶尔盆地获得侏罗纪齐古组凝灰岩精确的SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb年龄164.6 Ma ± 1.4 Ma(MSWD=1.3)。该年龄值几乎相当于国际地质年表中Callovian阶的底界年龄(164.7Ma±4.0Ma)。根据地层沉积速率推算,齐古组上界年龄值应为161.8Ma,接近Callovian阶的上界(161.2Ma±4.0Ma);其上的喀拉扎组上界年龄大致在160.0 Ma左右,此年龄值应位于牛津阶(Oxfordian)的下部。另外,下白垩统下部清水河组的时代为早白垩世早期(Berriasian)。由此得出：齐古组的主体时代为中侏罗世卡洛期(Callovian), 其下部跨入了巴通期最晚期(late Late Bathonian);喀拉扎组的时代可能仅为牛津期最早期(early Early Oxfordian),反映白垩系与侏罗系之间的不整合几乎缺失了整个上侏罗统,由此推断晚侏罗世曾发生过一次较强烈的构造运动。     

准噶尔盆地中部下侏罗统三工河组二段沉积相及储层特征

准噶尔盆地中部下侏罗统三工河组二段广泛发育三角洲相。二段下部在研究区东北部以大型辫状河三角洲前缘沉积夹滑动浊流沉积为特征,西部以扇三角洲沉积为特征,在中部两者交汇叠加。二段上部在东北部和西部都为曲流河三角洲前缘亚相沉积,在区中部交汇叠加。三工河组二段砂岩发育大量原生孔隙和次生孔隙,为有利储层。沉积微相类型控制砂体储集性能,成岩作用对砂岩储集性的改造并不强烈。二段下部的辫状河三角洲前缘河道微相及扇三角洲前缘河道微相具有大孔中渗的特点,为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层;上部的曲流河三角洲前缘分支河道及前缘席状砂微相,具中孔中、低渗的特点,为Ⅱ和Ⅲ类储层。