大菱鲆配合饲料中植物蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性研究

研究了植物蛋白豆粕部分或全部替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长和消化酶活性的影响。用含不同豆粕量的饲料对4个实验组的大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus L．）在18℃下进行50d的饲喂实验,结果表明不同饲料配方下的大菱鲆对蛋白质和碳水化合物的表观消化率随饲料中豆粕质量分数的增加呈现下降的趋势;生长实验表明,30％豆粕质量分数实验组和10％豆粕质量分数实验组（常规质量分数）的生长状态良好,50d的体质量增长率分别为82．25％,85．3％,特殊生长率为1．19,1．23,饲料系数分别为1．35,1．28,蛋白质效率分别为1．44,1．49,各生长参数差别不显著。50％豆粕质量分数实验组及70％豆粕质量分数实验组生长缓慢;各实验组大菱鲆消化器官比重随豆粕添加量的增多而呈增大的趋势;不同饲料配方组大菱鲆蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力随豆粕质量分数的增多而升高,脂肪酶无明显变化。以上各实验结果均表明,饲料中以豆粕替代鱼粉量20％对大菱鲆生长无负面影响。     

Floc meal as potential substitute for soybean meal in tilapia diets under biofloc system conditions

This study was conducted to evaluate the ef fect of replacing soybean meal(SBM) by low protein ?oc meal(LPFM; 24% CP) in tilapia diets on growth performance, feed utilization and ?sh chemical composition. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated; control diet(C; without LPFM),FM 25(25% of SBM protein was substituted by LPFM) and FM 50(50% of SBM protein was substituted by LPFM). Nine 55 l circular plastic tanks were stocked by 12 ?sh to form three experimental groups.No dif ferences in tilapia performance were observed between the control and the FM 25 diet. Chemical composition of ?sh did not dif fer signi?cantly among treatments except for protein and selenium contents where the highest values were recorded in the control treatment. The highest mineral content was recorded in ?oc collected from the control tanks, while calcium content showed its highest value in ?oc collected from FM 50 e ? uent. These data indicate that replacing soybean meal with LPFM up to 25%, had no negative ef fect on growth performance and potentially may improve the system sustainability. Meanwhile, the adverse ef fect of more inclusion of LPFM in tilapia diet may be attributed to the higher content of ash. In other word,minerals seem to cause more energy utilization in ?sh fed ?oc meal since it is needed to maintain osmotic homeostasis.     

鲈鱼人工配合饲料中豆饼替代部分鱼粉的适宜含量

本文根据实验探讨了在最适蛋白质含量下配合饲料不同的豆饼含量替代鱼粉对鲈鱼生长的影响。经４０ｄ的试验结果表明；用鲈鱼的相对增长率、体长相对增长率、饲料系数和饲料的蛋白质消化率来衡量，鲈鱼人工配合饮料中用１５％以内的豆饼含量替代鱼粉是适宜的。     

Effects of dietary cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate on growth,antioxidants and immunity of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir Sinensis

One hundred and sixty crabs(average initial weight:51.32±0.08 g)were fed with four experimental diets containing cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate(CPH)at 0%(CPH0,control),0.3%(CPH0.3),0.6%(CPH0.6),and 1.2%CPH(CPH1.2).The experiment results show that no difference was observed in specific growth rate and survival rate of crabs fed with CPH diet.Moisture content of crabs fed with CPH0.6 diet was significantly reduced than that of the CPH0 group.Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of crabs fed with CPH0.6 diet were significantly increased and the difference was not significant between the CPH0.3 and CPH0.6 groups.Malondialdehyde content of CPH0.3 group was significantly lower than that of the CPH0 group.Lysozyme,alkaline phosphatase,and acid phosphatase activities of CPH0.3 diet crabs were significantly higher than that of the CPH0 group.Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of crabs fed with CPH0.3 diet was significantly decreased compared to the CPH0 group.The relative expression levels of Toll1,Toll2,MyD88,LITAF,and ILF-2 of crabs fed with CPH0.3 diet were significantly higher than that of the CPH0 group.The expression level of SOCS2 showed an opposite pattern.After CPH perfusion,the expression levels of SOCS2 and Toll1 in intestine at time 3 h and SOCS2 in hepatopancreas at time 18 h increased significantly to the highest value.The expression level of Toll2,MyD88,LITAF,decreased at times 6 h,6 h,12 h,respectively,then increased gradually.Therefore,supplementation of dietary CPH could improve antioxidant capacity and immune function;the appropriate supplement dosage of CPH for crab could be 0.3%-0.6%.Furthermore,the short-term CPH stimulation could significantly increase or decline the expression levels of immune-related genes at different times after CPH perfusion.     

脱脂南极磷虾粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼体组成和消化性能的影响

为探讨脱脂南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)粉对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼体组成和消化性能的影响。作者以鱼粉和脱脂磷虾粉为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,用脱脂磷虾粉蛋白替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,设计7种等蛋白(50%)、等脂肪(8%)的实验饲料(分别表示为F0、F10、F20、F30、F40、F50和F100)。每组设3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,初始体质量为(68.13±0.20)g,经过8周的饲养实验。结果表明:F100组的肝体比和脏体比显著低于其他各组(P0.05),F20~F30组的肥满度显著高于F40组(P0.05);F100组全鱼的水分和灰分显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F10组和F100组全鱼的粗蛋白显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F30组和F50组全鱼的粗脂肪显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F100组全鱼的粗脂肪显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。F10、F20和F50组肌肉的水分显著高于F100组(P0.05),F20组和F30组肌肉的粗脂肪显著高于其他各组(P0.05),各替代组肌肉的粗蛋白、灰分无组间差异(P0.05);胃蛋白酶活性组间无差异(P0.05),F0和F20的胃脂肪酶活性显著低于F30组(P0.05),F30组的胃淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F30和F100组的肠脂肪酶活性显著低于其他各组(P0.05),F0组的肠淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05);脱脂南极磷虾粉替代组的皱襞高度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,F30组的皱襞高度显著高于其他组(P0.05),替代组和对照组的黏膜厚度和绒毛长度没有显著性差异(P0.05)。综合来看,脱脂南极磷虾粉10%~50%的替代比例对圆斑星鲽幼鱼的形态指标、体组成、消化酶活性和肠道形态指标有较好的效果。     

肉骨粉添加微胶囊蛋氨酸替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料表观消化率及体成分的影响

选用均初始体质量为0.91 g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)540尾,随机分为6个处理组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾。用肉骨粉(meat and bone meal,MBM)替代日粮中0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉,分别添加不同梯度微胶囊蛋氨酸(microencapsulated DL-methionine,MM)配制成6种等氮饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾55 d。结果表明:MBM添加MM替代60%鱼粉对对虾增重率和SGR无显著影响(P0.05),对虾对各试验饲料的饲料系数和蛋白质效率无显著影响(P0.05),而替代80%和100%鱼粉对对虾增重率、SGR、饲料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响(P0.05);MBM添加MM替代鱼粉后对对虾体成分、体氨基酸含量和蛋白质含量无明显影响(P0.05)。在MBM高水平替代鱼粉饲料中添加MM可通过平衡对虾饲料必需氨基酸,提高了对虾对饲料的表观消化率,而不影响对虾的生长和体营养成分,降低了对虾饲料的成本。     

Replacing fishmeal with soybean meal affects survival,antioxidant capacity,intestinal microbiota,and mRNA expression of TOR and S6K1 in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Using alternative plant-derived dietary protein to replace fishmeal, combined with practical evaluation indexes, is a recent focus for aquaculture practices. An 8-week feeding experiment with giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae was conducted to determine the effects of replacing fishmeal(FM) with soybean meal in the feed, in terms of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and m RNA expression of target of rapamycin(TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 ...     

在无藻粉饲料中添加包膜氨基酸对幼刺参生长、消化和免疫指标的影响

研究了在糊化山药粉全部替代鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)粉的饲料中添加不同方法处理及不同种类包膜氨基酸的饲料对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)幼参生长、消化及免疫指标的影响。试验1,在水温13.0～18.0℃下,将平均体质量为2.27g的刺参饲养在18个50L(50cm×40cm×30cm)的塑料水槽中(15头/槽),投喂添加淀粉包膜的缬氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸等多种氨基酸的饲料。40d的饲养表明,幼参的特殊增重率(RSG)和对饲料蛋白及脂肪的消化率随饲料中添加包膜氨基酸水平的增加而逐渐升高,其中添加包膜氨基酸水平最高组的幼参显著高于未添加包膜氨基酸的对照组(P0.05)。试验2,在水温10.0～19.0℃下,给平均体质量1.55g的刺参投喂在山药粉完全替代鼠尾藻粉的对照饲料(S0)中分别添加0.37%明胶包膜赖氨酸(S1)、0.37%包膜赖氨酸加0.38%包膜蛋氨基酸(S2)和0.37%包膜赖氨酸、0.38%包膜蛋氨酸加0.39%包膜苏基酸(S3)的饲料。60d的饲养表明,幼参的RSG随饲料中添加氨基酸种类的增加而显著增高,S3、S2和S1组刺参的RSG分别比S0组高154.6%、82.1%和57.2%。S3组刺参体腔液超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力及对饲料蛋白的消化率(87.26%)均显著高于S0组,说明山药粉替代鼠尾藻,添加明胶包膜赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸可以显著提高刺参生长速度及免疫能力。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

Generation of long waves in a basin of variable depth in the process of formation of a region of perturbations of atmospheric pressure

We perform the numerical analysis of the long-wave response of the free surface of a fluid in a basin of variable depth to the formation of an anomaly of the baric field for a finite period of time. In numerical experiments, we use the distribution of depths typical of the south coast of the Crimea. We also study the dependence of the dynamics of the sea level in the zone of the baric anomaly and in the shelf zone on the space and time scales of local changes in the field of atmospheric pressure in the open part of the basin. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

测量不确定度在计量器具示值误差符合性评定中的应用

测量不确定度在法制计量工作中得到广泛的应用,就如何在计量器具示值误差的符合性评定工作中的具体实施进行了阐述.     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev