海图印前处理系统的技术应用

简要介绍了海图印前处理系统的基本构成及系统实现过程中使用的一些关键技术，根据目前数字海图生产体系和技术流程，实现了数字海图印刷之前的一系列技术预处理，彻底解决了数字海图生产自动化过程中的技术瓶颈。这些处理技术和设计方法在实现其它类似系统时，同样具有可利用的价值。     

数字海底地形产品生产技术研究

分析和总结近些年来在数字海底地形模型构建及应用领域的研究成果,结合实际生产应用中遇到的问题,对数字海底地形产品生产技术流程进行了深入探讨。详细论述了数字海底地形产品生产中涉及的关键技术,从作业工序上给出了不同技术处理阶段的解决方案。     

挤压膨化技术在水产饲料生产上的应用

近年来，挤压膨化技术在我国水产饲料生产上的应用和推广十分迅速，也将是今后的主要发展方向.本文就挤压膨化原理、挤压膨化过程中水产饲料营养成份的变化、原料对挤压膨化产品的影响诸方面进行探讨和阐述，并对我国目前在挤压饲料产业中所存在的问题进行了讨论.     

数字技术对海图生产方法的影响

海图生产进入数字技术时代以后，海图生产的概念、形式和内容都发生了很大的变化，一些陈旧的制图技术和方法已不适应海图生产的要求。依据这些形式与内容的变化探讨海图生产技术变化的实质，通过建立海图生产新思路，调整制图过程和工艺，缩短生产周期，不断提高海图质量水平。     

现代生物技术在紫菜属中的应用

本文综述了近十年来国内外紫菜生物技术的发展与研究。在细胞生物学方面，介绍了紫菜原生质体制备、组织培养和细胞融合等技术，及其在新种质创建，工业苗种生产、单细胞活饵料开发和基因组操作等研究中的广泛应用，而细胞分光光度技术（MSP）和流式细胞技术（FCM）的加盟使得对紫菜细胞DNA的了解达到量化，快速分选细胞并实现对其生理代谢动态 观测，在生物化学方法中，讨论了用同工酶电泳技术来评价紫菜群体遗传结构、鉴别种质和描述系统发育等研究，以及利用生化方法对糖类等其它化合物进行提纯与测定等工作，在分子生物学方面；总结了如何获得高纯度DNA，并将其应用于DNA分析研究，RFLP、RAPD和DNA-序列测定等分子标记技术所揭示的紫菜的多态性，以及利用DNA-指纹和消减DNA文库的技术来构建紫菜的质体基因图谱和cDNA文库，并进行紫菜比较基因组学的研究，此外还介绍了紫菜基因转移方面的工作。     

中国对虾一种C型杆状病毒随机扩增多态性DNA分析

于１９９４年和１９９５两年的７月从青岛崂山上马镇养虾场中染病的中国地虾中分离纯化出一种Ｃ型杆状病毒。为建立中国对虾病毒的鉴别和检测技术，利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ技术对电泳纯化的病毒ＤＮＡ进行分析和研究。将病虾匀浆、经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化获得完整病毒粒子；从病毒中提取ＤＮＡ后再进行电泳纯化，收集长度完整，均一的病毒ＤＮＡ：在其他参数保持不变的情况下，对Ｏｐｅｒｏｎ生产的１０碱基随机引物Ｋ试     

单胞藻薄膜袋封闭式培养技术的研究

本文提出了用聚乙烯薄膜透明袋对单胞藻进行封闭式培养技术的研究结果。用该技术培养单胞藻作海产动物幼体的饵料,与目前通用的水泥池开放式培养比较,具有方法简单成本低廉、培养的单胞藻密度高、不易污染、生产周期短等优点。该技术在1988年的扇贝人工育苗生产中,提高了投饵质量和幼虫的成活率。     

数据监控系统中监控软件的实现

本文主要介绍了国家海洋863计划中的818－01－04课题（上海海洋环境立体监测和信息服务系统）中的数据监控系统在编制中的设计思想和有关技术，数据监控系统是在广泛的对国内外的相关资料进行深入调研和学习后，根据本项目具体的要求，利用当今先进的系统设计理论和计算机软件地工程工技术进行系统功能的设计，并采用了依先的软件编程技术，完成了本课题中监控平台的制作，本系统软件主要是运用Delphi3,VC 5.0进行编制的，同时使用了SQLSVERVER6．5数据库管理系统进行后台输数据的存储管理，在数据的传输控制和数据处理过程中，系统还利用了远程数据文件传输技术FTP和互联网技术INTERNET以及拔号进行数据传输技术等，系统在近半年运动中，系统功能稳定，数据处理及时准确，同时通过了海洋863专家的鉴定，并得到同行业及用户的好评。     

虾夷扇贝人工苗种高产技术研究

在虾夷扇贝苗种生产中，改进了亲贝升温促熟、产卵、孵化、幼虫培育等技术措施。在海上保苗中，选择适宜保苗袋和培养水深，使成活率明显提高，生长速度加快。在４４５ｍ＾３水体中，培育出商品苗（壳高１．５ｃｍ以上）１．５亿粒，取得较好的经济效益。     

海岸带地形一体化测图生产技术研究

数字摄影测量技术应用于海岸带地形测量成为一种趋势,在分析现有海、陆图生产技术体系和海岸地形图表示内容特点的基础上,提出了利用一体化测图技术进行海岸带地形数据生产的新思路.针对任务调度、立体采集、外业调绘、入库和制图编辑以及质量控制等海岸带地形数据生产的关键工序,进行了一体化测图技术实现的探讨.     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.