Tunneling mechanism in higher-dimensional rotating black hole with a cosmological constant in the approach of dimensional reduction

Recently, Umetsu applied the tunneling method to the research on Hawking radiation of black holes using the dimensional reduction method near the horizon. In a simple way he obtained the radiation temperature of Kerr-Newman black hole. In this paper, using the dimensional reduction method near the horizon, we apply the tunneling method to the research on Hawking radiation of a general Kerr-de Sitter metrics in all dimensions. Our results support the views of Umetsu and extend the tunneling method proposed by Parikh and Wilczek.     

Hawking non-thermal and thermal radiations of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black hole by Hamilton-Jacobi method

The massive particles tunneling method has been used to investigate the Hawking non-thermal and purely thermal radiations of Schwarzschild Anti-de Sitter (SAdS) black hole. Considering the spacetime background to be dynamical, incorporate the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles the imaginary part of the action has been derived from Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Using the conservation laws of energy and angular momentum we have showed that the non-thermal and purely thermal tunneling rates are related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure thermal spectrum. The result obtained for SAdS black hole is also in accordance with Parikh and Wilczek’s opinion and gives a correction to the Hawking radiation of SAdS black hole.     

Hawking non-thermal and thermal radiations of Reissner Nordström anti-de Sitter black hole by Hamilton-Jacobi method

We have investigated Hawking non-thermal and purely thermal Radiations of Reissner Nordström anti-de Sitter (RNAdS) black hole by massive particles tunneling method. The spacetime background has taken as dynamical, incorporate the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles the imaginary part of the action has derived from Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We have supposed that energy and angular momentum are conserved and have shown that the non-thermal and thermal tunneling rates are related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure thermal spectrum. The results for RNAdS black hole is also in the same manner with Parikh and Wilczek’s opinion and explored the new result for Hawking radiation of RNAdS black hole.     

Fading Hawking radiation

In this study, we explore a particular type Hawking radiation which ends with zero temperature and entropy. The appropriate black holes for this purpose are the linear dilaton black holes. In addition to the black hole choice, a recent formalism in which the Parikh-Wilczek’s tunneling formalism amalgamated with quantum corrections to all orders in ? is considered. The adjustment of the coefficients of the quantum corrections plays a crucial role on this particular Hawking radiation. The obtained tunneling rate indicates that the radiation is not pure thermal anymore, and hence correlations of outgoing quanta are capable of carrying away information encoded within them. Finally, we show in detail that when the linear dilaton black hole completely evaporates through such a particular radiation, entropy of the radiation becomes identical with the entropy of the black hole, which corresponds to “no information loss”.     

Effect of holographic principle and generalized uncertainty principle on the semiclassical Parikh-Wilczek tunneling radiation of black holes

In the present paper, based on the generalized uncertainty principle, the Parikh-Wilczek black hole tunneling radiation is studied. It is shown that the black hole tunneling radiation receives a correction. Furthermore a bound on the tunneling approach, is shown to be valid when, based on the holographic principle, a bound applied to the black hole entropy.     

Quantum corrections for ABGB black hole

In this paper, we study quantum corrections to the temperature and entropy of a regular Ayón-Beato-García-Bronnikov black hole solution by using tunneling approach beyond semiclassical approximation. We use the first law of black hole thermodynamics as a differential of entropy with two parameters, mass and charge. It is found that the leading order correction to the entropy is of logarithmic form. In the absence of the charge, i.e., e=0, these corrections approximate the corresponding corrections for the Schwarzschild black hole.     

Generalized uncertainty principle and s-wave semiclassical tunneling radiation of Kerr black hole

Based on the generalized uncertainty principle, the modified area and entropy of Kerr black hole is calculated. The semiclassical Parikh-Wilczeck tunneling proposal is applied to a Kerr horizon. It is shown that the tunneling radiation probability of Kerr black hole is modified.     

Little Black Holes: Dark Matter and Ball Lightning

Small, quiescent black holes can be considered as candidates for the missing dark matter of the universe, and as the core energy source of ball lightning. By means of gravitational tunneling, unidirectional radiation is emitted from black holes in a process much attenuated from that of Hawking radiation, P, which has proven elusive to detect. Gravitational tunneling emission is similar to electric field emission of electrons from a metal in that a second body is involved which lowers the barrier and gives the barrier a finite rather than infinite width. Hawking deals with a single isolated black hole. The radiated power here is P ∝ e^-2Δγ P, where e^-2Δγ is the transmission probability. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tunneling of massive and charged particles from noncommutative Reissner-Nordström black hole

Massive charged and uncharged particles tunneling from commutative Reissner-Nordström black hole horizon has been studied with details in literature. Here, by adopting the coherent state picture of spacetime noncommutativity, we study tunneling of massive and charged particles from a noncommutative inspired Reissner-Nordström black hole horizon. We show that Hawking radiation in this case is not purely thermal and there are correlations between emitted modes. These correlations may provide a solution to the information loss problem. We also study thermodynamics of noncommutative horizon in this setup.     

Hawking Radiation of Mass Generating Particles from Dyonic Reissner–Nordström Black Hole

The Hawking radiation is considered as a quantum tunneling process, which can be studied in the framework of the Hamilton–Jacobi method. In this study, we present the wave equation for a mass generating massive and charged scalar particle (boson). In sequel, we analyse the quantum tunneling of these bosons from a generic 4-dimensional spherically symmetric black hole. We apply the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism to derive the radial integral solution for the classically forbidden action which leads to the tunneling probability. To support our arguments, we take the dyonic Reissner–Nordström black hole as a test background. Comparing the tunneling probability obtained with the Boltzmann formula, we succeed in reading the standard Hawking temperature of the dyonic Reissner–Nordström black hole.     

Hawking radiation of Kerr-de Sitter black holes using Hamilton-Jacobi method

Hawking radiation of Kerr-de Sitter black hole is investigated using Hamilton-Jacobi method. When the well-behaved Painleve coordinate system and Eddington coordinate are used, we get the correct result of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy before and after radiation but a direct computation will lead to a wrong result via Hamilton-Jacobi method. Our results show that the tunneling probability is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure thermal but it is consistent with underlying unitary theory.     

Semiclassical tunneling radiation of Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole and holographic principle

The thermodynamics of Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole is studied. Applying the generalized second law of thermodynamics, a bound on the semiclassical tunneling radiation of black hole is obtained.     

Generalized uncertainty principle and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in tunneling rate of Kerr black hole

We study the effects of the generalized uncertainty principle in the tunneling formalism for Hawking radiation to evaluate the quantum-corrected Hawking temperature and entropy for a Kerr black hole. By assumption of a spatially flat universe accompanied with expansion of metric, the modified area and entropy of Kerr black hole are calculated and we could obtain an expression for entropy of black hole that is changing with respect to time and Bekenstein-Hawking temperature.     

Corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde formula at the Planck scale

The possible corrections to the thermodynamic quantities of higher dimensional Schwa-rzschild black hole have been investigated by considering the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) and the modified dispersion relation (MDR) separately. The quantum gravitational corrections to the Hawking temperature, energy and entropy of the black hole have been calculated based on both the GUP and the MDR analysis. The explicit form of the corrections are worked out up to the sixth power of the Planck length. The impacts of GUP and MDR have been used separately to obtain the quantum gravitational corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde (C-V) formula. It has been shown that the usual C-V entropy formula receives some new corrections. Also the renormalized form of the C-V formula has been introduced by redefining Virasoro operator and central charge within both the GUP and the MDR. Through comparison of the corrections obtained from GUP and MDR approaches it has been found that the results of these two alternative approaches should be identical if one uses the suitable expansion coefficients.     

Light bending in Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole by Rindler-Ishak method

We investigate the influence of the cosmological constant, Λ, on the bending of light by a charged black hole in a de Sitter spacetime. Despite vanishing of the cosmological constant in the second order null geodesic equation, considering the method introduced by Rindler and Ishak (2007), we obtain an expression for the deflection angle, consistent with previous results for Schwarzschild, Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS), and Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) spacetimes.     

Quantum tunneling makes a Reissner–Nordstrom black hole turn into a Kerr–Newman black hole under angular momentum conservation

Hawking radiation can be viewed as a process of particle quantum tunneling near a black hole horizon. When a particle with angular momentum tunnels across the event horizon of a Reissner–Nordstrom black hole, the black hole will change into a Kerr–Newman one. In previous papers, axisymmetric black hole has been studied only when a keeps constant. Changing from Reissner–Nordstrom to Kerr–Newman should be a simple case when a varies. After this, more general radiation including changed a in Kerr or Kerr–Newman spacetimes can be studied in the future. The emission rate of the massless particles with angular momentum is calculated, and the result is consistent with an underlying unitary theory.      

Relativistic Rotational Darkening of Lightlike Radiation and Von Zeipel's Theorem for Radially Emitting Spheroids

It is shown that an outgoing null radiation field in the outer space of a Kerr-Newman black hole is darkened by the rotation of the black hole. This rotational darkening is calculated for a spheroid emitting null radiation normally to its surface, yielding the von Zeipel-like effectthat the equatorial region is darkened more strongly than the polar regions.This effect is not confined to the case of black holes but is also observable for relativistically rotating fluid spheroids such as atmospheres of pulsars or neutron stars. Moreover, application to Hawking radiation suggests that the black hole cannot be viewed as a classical black body but that the Hawking radiationis a global geometric effect. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hawking radiation of scalars from accelerating and rotating black holes with NUT parameter

We study the quantum tunneling of scalars from charged accelerating and rotating black hole with NUT parameter. For this purpose we use the charged Klein-Gordon equation. We apply WKB approximation and the Hamilton-Jacobi method to solve charged Klein-Gordon equation. We find the tunneling probability of outgoing charged scalars from the event horizon of this black hole, and hence the Hawking temperature for this black hole     

Cosmic microwave background radiation of black hole universe

Modifying slightly the big bang theory, the author has recently developed a new cosmological model called black hole universe. This new cosmological model is consistent with the Mach principle, Einsteinian general theory of relativity, and observations of the universe. The origin, structure, evolution, and expansion of the black hole universe have been presented in the recent sequence of American Astronomical Society (AAS) meetings and published recently in a scientific journal: Progress in Physics. This paper explains the observed 2.725 K cosmic microwave background radiation of the black hole universe, which grew from a star-like black hole with several solar masses through a supermassive black hole with billions of solar masses to the present universe with hundred billion-trillions of solar masses. According to the black hole universe model, the observed cosmic microwave background radiation can be explained as the black body radiation of the black hole universe, which can be considered as an ideal black body. When a hot and dense star-like black hole accretes its ambient materials and merges with other black holes, it expands and cools down. A governing equation that expresses the possible thermal history of the black hole universe is derived from the Planck law of black body radiation and radiation energy conservation. The result obtained by solving the governing equation indicates that the radiation temperature of the present universe can be ∼2.725 K if the universe originated from a hot star-like black hole, and is therefore consistent with the observation of the cosmic microwave background radiation. A smaller or younger black hole universe usually cools down faster. The characteristics of the original star-like or supermassive black hole are not critical to the physical properties of the black hole universe at present, because matter and radiation are mainly from the outside space, i.e., the mother universe.     

Generalized uncertainty principle and quantum gravitational effects on tunneling rate of Reissner-Nordström black hole

It is shown that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes can accept a correction that effects on the radiation tunneling probability. By assumption of a spatially flat universe accompanied with expansion of metric, we could obtain an expression for entropy of black hole that is changing with respect to time and Bekenstein-Hawking temperature.