基于OpenMP的并行图像相减算法实现与分析

图像相减是一种精确地获得密集星体区域中变星的相对光度变化的技术,其基本原理为通过同一区域不同时间的图像间差异来获得该区域的时间变化信息.传统上图像相减变源测光算法只有串行性算法,计算效率不高.讨论了图像相减测光算法的基本原理,在开源软件ISIS基础上提出了一个基于OpenMP技术的图像相减算法的可靠并行化实现,提高了程...     

基于支持向量机的云图自动识别和提取方法

在时域天文研究中,中小口径光学望远镜的自动巡天是获取观测数据的重要来源.受台站观测条件影响,图像中会有云的干扰,给测光和暗弱目标的自动提取带来很大的困难.为此有必要对天文图像中的云进行识别和提取,建立云的指标图,为后续的信息提取提供参考.为了实现这一目标,建立了天文图像筛选系统,该系统将图像灰度不一致度与纹理差异作为图像的多维特征指标,并与支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)相结合,对有云的数据进行筛选.在筛选的基础上,利用直方图变换和特征提取,进一步提取了云的指标图.实验结果表明:纹理识别结合SVM对天文图像进行实时筛选,分类准确率大于98%.利用直方图变换和特征提取可以初步提取云的指标图,给测光和暗弱目标的提取提供参考.     

光学系统参数确定带宽约束的天文图像盲反卷积

大气湍流极大限制了地基大口径望远镜观测天文目标图像的空间分辨率.根据最大似然估计原理,提出了用实际光学带宽约束的可有效减小天文观测图像中大气湍流影响的盲反卷积方法,通过共轭梯度优化算法使卷积误差函数趋向最小.建立了望远镜光学系统参数和图像频域带宽的关系,采用变量正性约束、点扩散函数带宽有限约束,提高算法的收敛性.为避免图像处理中有效傅立叶变换频率超出截止频率,要求采集望远镜焦面图像时单个成像单元(如CCD像素单元)应小于四分之一衍射斑直径.算法中未用目标支持域约束,所提出的方法适用于全视场天文图像恢复.用计算机模拟和对实际天文目标双鱼座图像数据的恢复结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

AST3图像相减测光模板系统设计

AST3是将要安装于位于南极内陆冰穹A的昆仑站的3台口径50 cm的施密特望远镜,寻找变源(尤其是瞬间变源)是其科考目标之一,需要通过图像相减测光方法实现.首先需要根据初期的观测数据生成标准模板图像,而后在长期观测过程中,将模板图像与新观测到的图像进行相减测光处理,从而发现变源.模板在观测中起着举足轻重的作用,给出了模板制作的流程,并且验证了其可实现性和功能的正确性.     

高精度恒星孔径测光注释

详细介绍了利用孔径测光方法得到CCD图像中恒星仪器星等的全过程,以及使用自己设计的程序对云南天文台1m望远镜观测的CCD图像进行实际测量的实验。测量结果表明:对亮星(约10mag)的内部测量精度能达到0.003mag,而对暗星(约17mag)达到0.2mag。同时,对相关问题进行深入讨论,总结了一些实验所得的经验,并与测光软件IRAF进行了内部精度的比较。     

CCD图像相对测光中的技术研究与精度回报现象

天体随时间的光度变化能够反映其物理性质,高精度测光技术有助于我们更好地分析与探究天体的光变情况,对天体的演化研究有重要意义.介绍了相关的测光工具与技术,探索了把MaxIm DL与photutils测光库相结合的测光技术及应用,提出了连续图像中各星像测光数据快速匹配的解决方案.通过分析中国科学院云南天文台1m光学望远镜拍...     

CLEAN算法在天文图像空域重建中的应用

将CLEAN算法用于天文图像空域重建方法 :迭代位移叠加法中的消卷积过程 ,由于它同样是在空间域中进行的迭代减法过程 ,避免了必须把图像变换到傅里叶空间频率域中 ,然后用除法消卷积的传统做法 ,因而满足了仅在空间域中重建目标像的需要 ,使迭代位移叠加法更加简捷。用该方法对天文目标进行的观测实验得到了很好的像复原结果。     

测光红移算法概述

随着大规模多色巡天项目的完成,测光红移已被枧为研究宇宙大尺度结构以及星系形成和演化的有效工具.该文介绍了测光红移的背景,现状、算法及其在天文学中的应用.综述了九种较为常用的估测测光红移的算法,包括HyperZ、颜色一星等一红移关系法(CMR)、多项式回归、基于Kd树的多项式回归、贝叶斯方法、支持向量机(SVMs)、人工神经网络(ANNs)、最近邻或K近邻方法和核回归等.着重讨论和比较了这些算法的效果和性能,同时也对它们的优缺点进行了阐述,并对未来的测光红移算法研究进行了展望.     

大天区望远镜中sCMOS相机的测光精度分析

与传统CCD (Charge Coupled Device)相机相比, s COMS (scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)相机被广泛装备于超大天区巡天设备,与传统CCD相机不同的是sCMOS相机采用卷帘式快门,因此对其进行测光精度的分析工作是很有意义的.首先,将s CMOS相机拍摄的图像与UCAC2 (The Second U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog)星表进行匹对,识别图像中的UCAC2标准星.接着对图中的标准星进行测光并提取测光数据进行最小二乘直线拟合,获得了相应的系统转换系数并得到仪器星等至标准星等的转换公式.然后,将转化后的仪器星等和标准星等做差并计算相应的均方根误差.最后,利用计算得到的均方根误差评估sCMOS相机的测光精度,并将标准星按星等划分后,分析了相应的测光误差.计算结果表明在标准测光夜测量亮度亮于14等的星时,测光精度优于0.15 mag.通过实测精度分析可知卷帘快门sCOMS相机具有较高的测光精度,基本满足空间碎片巡天观测的要求.     

云南天文台1.2米望远镜测光性能研究

利用云南天文台1.2m望远镜多色测光系统,选取一批Landoh标准星,利用较差测量的方法对该系统进行了大气消光系数和仪器转换系数的测定,分析了这套新的测光系统的性能.计算结果表明本系统与Johnson标准测光系统非常接近.同时也对该系统的测光精度进行了测定,在标准测光夜下测量亮于13.5等的星时,其V波段测光精度可达到0.041星等.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.