西藏多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床蚀变与脉体系统

多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床是班公湖_怒江成矿带第一个勘查评价出的大型斑岩铜矿床。文章在对矿区野外地质编录及室内镜下鉴定的基础上,对矿床蚀变与脉体系统进行了详细研究。结果表明,矿区发育典型斑岩铜矿蚀变系统,且分带性非常明显,从斑岩体内部向外具有钾硅酸盐化带(外缘叠加泥化蚀变与绢云母化蚀变)→绢英岩化带(大部分叠加有泥化蚀变)→青磐岩化带→角岩化带的分带特征。根据穿插关系、矿物组合及蚀变晕等特征可划分出21种脉体,早期形成的脉体包括在钾硅酸盐化带发育的磁铁矿细脉(M型脉共1种)、石英±钾长石±黑云母±磁铁矿±黄铜矿±黄铁矿脉(A型脉共8种)以及具有矿物组合分带特征的石英±磁铁矿±黑云母+钾长石+黄铜矿+黄铁矿脉(EB型脉共2种),中期形成的脉体包括主要在绢英岩化与泥化叠加带发育的石英±黄铜矿±黄铁矿±辉钼矿±石膏脉(B型脉共5种),晚期形成的脉体包括主要在青磐岩化带发育的石英±黄铁矿±黄铜矿±石膏±方解石脉(D型脉共5种),以A、B、D型脉最为发育。与矿化密切相关的蚀变带主要是钾硅酸盐化带、绢英岩化与泥化叠加带,与矿化密切相关的脉体主要为A型脉及B型脉。与国内外典型矿床相比,多不杂矿床蚀变模式及矿物组合与"二长岩"模式相似。多不杂矿床从内部的钾硅酸盐化带至外部的青磐岩化带均发育大量磁铁矿,且在青磐岩化带发育大量无矿石膏网脉,此是多不杂矿床的独有特色。     

Thermal History of the Naruo Porphyry Deposit in the Duolong Ore District, Western Tibet: Evidence from U-Pb, 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He Thermochronology

The Naruo porphyry copper deposit containing more than 2 Mt of copper is located in the Duolong ore district in the west of the Bangongco–Nujiang belt in central Tibet. New zircon U-Pb, biotite 40Ar/39Ar, zircon (U-Th)/He ages, published age data together with thermal modeling were presented in this paper to investigate the thermal history of Naruo deposit. Thermal modeling reveals a prolonged magmatic-hydrothermal evolution firstly cooling from ~700°C to ~350°C at 120 Ma, then cooling to 230°C at 106 Ma and maintaining at 200°C from 106 to 90 Ma which is attributed to multiple magmatic events and thermal effect of strike-slip fault. Affected by thrust nappe structure, the sample was consistent with 120°C from 70 to 63 Ma. The Naruo deposit started to experience exhumation at a rate of ~0.07 km/Myr since 60 Ma which is related to India-Asia collision. The prolonged magmatic-hydrothermal evolution process might have important influence on the Naruo deposit. The ore-related intrusions preserved in the foot walls of strike-slip fault and thrust nappe structure are the objects of future exploration in the Duolong ore district.     

班公湖带多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床斑岩-火山岩的地球化学特征与时代:对成矿构造背景的制约

西藏多不杂铜矿床是班公湖-怒江带北侧新近发现的具有超大型远景的、典型的富金斑岩型铜矿床.本文对含矿斑岩、玄武质火山岩进行了系统的地球化学分析,甄别出三套岩石系列:埃达克岩、高Nb玄武岩和正常的岛弧玄武安山岩.三套岩石SiO2含量47%～68%,Al2O3含13%～18%,MgO含量1.4%～8.5%,FeOt含量2.3%～8.1%和CaO含量2.1%～10%,属于钙碱系列.MgO、CaO和FeOt与SiO2呈负相关,K2O与SiO2基本呈正相关.高Nb玄武岩和正常的岛弧玄武安山岩富Na,Na2O/K2O在0.9～7之间,而埃达克岩是相对富K,Na2O/K2O比为0.8.稀土元素总量∑REE为29×10-6-203×10-6,从基性到酸性岩乏REE是逐渐减小的,高Nb玄武岩的稀土元素含量最高,而埃达克岩最低.球粒陨石标准化配分曲线为轻稀土富集型,LREE/HREE为7.0～12.4,(La/Yb)N为3.2～13,δEu为0.9～2.1.埃达克岩和正常的岛弧玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:如Rb、Ba、K、Sr)和活泼的高场强元素(如:U、Th),相对亏损其它高场强元素(HFSE:如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti),表明具有俯冲带之上岛弧岩浆的特征.而高Nb玄武岩具有明显Nb、Ta正异常,且TiO2含量高(>2%),(La/Nb)PM<2.微量元素地球化学特征和Sr、Nd同位素结果表明该区埃达克岩直接来源于俯冲洋壳的部分熔融,但可能有俯冲沉积物成分的加入;而高Nb的玄武岩则可能来源于埃达克质熔体交代或者超临界流体交代而产生富Nb、Ta的地幔源区,可能有软流圈地幔的加入;而正常的岛弧火山岩则来源于俯冲流体交代过的地幔楔.另外,多不杂矿区埃达克岩和高Nb玄武岩(HNB)空间共生的"埃达克质岩浆交代的火山岩系列",表明多不杂铜矿床形成于典型的岛弧俯冲构造背景.对与成矿密切相关的花岗闪长斑岩进行精确的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究,其锆石具有明显的岩浆结晶环带,Th/U比值范围为0.51～0.90,均大于0.1,为岩浆成因锆石,其SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为121.6±1.9Ma,表明至少在大约120Ma期间班公-怒江洋盆正在向北俯冲,洋盆闭合时间应晚于早白垩世中期.     

西藏班公湖带多不杂超大型富金斑岩铜矿的高温高盐高氧化成矿流体：流体包裹体证据

多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床位于斑公湖-怒江缝合带北侧多不杂构造岩浆弧中,成矿与侵位于中侏罗统雁石坪群和早白垩统美日切组地层中的石英闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩有关.由于斑岩体的侵位,在岩体内及其围岩中形成强烈蚀变且分带明显,由含矿斑岩中心向外可划分出钾硅化带、中级泥化带、泥化带、伊利石-水白云母化-褐铁矿化带-角岩带或青磐岩化带（围岩是中基性火山岩时）.矿化为细脉-浸染状,含矿斑岩全岩矿化,少量矿化产于围岩中,成矿为铜-金组合,为典型的富金斑岩铜矿.初步识别出（1）钾化带中主要发育M型、EB型、A型及部分B型脉;（2）绿泥石化带（中级泥化带）中发育B型、C型、石英-绿泥石脉及S型、G型脉;（3）在粘土化带（泥化带）中主要发育C型脉、G型脉及S型细网脉;（4）在围岩中主要发育B型、C型、D型及G型细网脉以及碳酸盐脉、M型脉等.矿区范围内发育丰富的热液磁铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石等,铜、金沉淀与热液磁铁矿的形成关系密切;矿石中主要为黄铜矿、少量斑铜矿和辉铜矿,而黄铁矿很少,总体上为黄铜矿＞斑铜矿,黄铜矿＞黄铁矿.在石英斑晶及各种脉系中识别出三个大类和十个亚类的流体包裹体.包裹体显微测温数据表明最高（达935℃、压力200MPa）的均一温度出现在石英斑晶中,这种由含不透明子矿物、简单多相、含硅酸盐子矿物、赤铁矿多相包裹体类型构成的具45%NaCleq盐度的多相包裹体可能代表本矿床最原始的成矿流体组成;这种成矿流体上升到3km左右、冷却到580℃左右发生沸腾,分离出超高盐度（60%～80%NaCl eq）流体包裹体和富气相包裹体,并导致大量磁铁矿的结晶和还原硫的释放,且伴随部分金属硫化物及部分金沉淀,形成早期的M、A型脉;随着温度的进一步降低和分离出的流体包裹体的聚集,在500℃～480℃之间、22～40MPa之间、深度约1.5km发生沸腾,大量释放出的硫与金属离子结合,导致了大量铜、金的沉淀,形成如B型脉等一系列脉系及浸染状的铜矿化.在450℃～400℃之间、压力20～32MPa之间、深度1.1km左右又发生了明显的沸腾事件,形成了如C型脉、S型等舍铜脉系.在370℃～200℃之间、压力5～30MPa之间,包裹体以液相包裹体和多相包裹体为主,其盐度变化较大,可能是由于岩浆流体的稀释作用或少量大气降水参与循环所致,形成了D型脉及面状硅化.我们的研究结果揭示多不杂富金斑岩铜矿是主要由直接从岩浆熔体中出溶（600℃～950℃）的具高氧化性、（超）高盐度的富合成矿元素的岩浆流体形成的,是斑岩矿床系列中正岩浆端元的典型代表.     

冈底斯斑岩铜矿带冲江铜矿含矿流体的形成和演化：来自流体包裹体的证据

对冲江斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩中石英斑晶和含矿石英脉中包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温分析、包裹体中气液相成分的激光拉曼显微探针（LRM）分析和子矿物的扫描电镜/能谱（SEM/EDS）分析.研究表明含矿流体来自富含挥发分的岩浆的出溶作用,最初从岩浆中出溶的流体为近饱和的超临界流体,其最低捕获温度在362～389℃左右,盐度在17.7%～18.9%NaCleq左右.随着出溶流体温度压力的下降,超临界流体发生相分离,并分离出低盐度的气相和高盐度的液相.在石英绢云母化阶段进一步发生高盐度液相包裹体的沸腾作用,形成子矿物溶化温度高于气液相均一温度的高盐度包裹体和富气相包裹体.与粘土化有关的流体为流体演化的晚期产物,属低温、低盐度流体.     

Tectonometamorphic evolution of Seram and Ambon,eastern Indonesia: Insights from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology

The island of Seram, eastern Indonesia, experienced a complex Neogene history of multiple metamorphic and deformational events driven by Australia–SE Asia collision. Geological mapping, and structural and petrographic analysis has identified two main phases in the island's tectonic, metamorphic, and magmatic evolution: (1) an initial episode of extreme extension that exhumed hot lherzolites from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and drove ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and melting of adjacent continental crust; and (2) subsequent episodes of extensional detachment faulting and strike-slip faulting that further exhumed granulites and mantle rocks across Seram and Ambon. Here we present the results of sixteen ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar furnace step heating experiments on white mica, biotite, and phlogopite for a suite of twelve rocks that were targeted to further unravel Seram's tectonic and metamorphic history. Despite a wide lithological and structural diversity among the samples, there is a remarkable degree of correlation between the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages recorded by different rock types situated in different structural settings, recording thermal events at 16 Ma, 5.7 Ma, 4.5 Ma, and 3.4 Ma. These frequently measured ages are defined, in most instances, by two or more ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages that are identical within error. At 16 Ma, a major kyanite-grade metamorphic event affected the Tehoru Formation across western and central Seram, coincident with ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and melting of granulite-facies rocks comprising the Kobipoto Complex, and the intrusion of lamprophyres. Later, at 5.7 Ma, Kobipoto Complex rocks were exhumed beneath extensional detachment faults on the Kaibobo Peninsula of western Seram, heating and shearing adjacent Tehoru Formation schists to form Taunusa Complex gneisses. Then, at 4.5 Ma, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages record deformation within the Kawa Shear Zone (central Seram) and overprinting of detachment faults in western Seram. Finally, at 3.4 Ma, Kobipoto Complex migmatites were exhumed on Ambon, at the same time as deformation within the Kawa Shear Zone and further overprinting of detachments in western Seram. These ages support there having been multiple synchronised episodes of high-temperature extension and strike-slip faulting, interpreted to be the result of Western Seram having been ripped off from SE Sulawesi, extended, and dragged east by subduction rollback of the Banda Slab.     

Paleo-Tethyan tectonic evolution of Lancangjiang metamorphic complex: Evidence from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating and 40Ar/39Ar isotope geochronology of blueschists in Xiaoheijiang-Xiayun area,Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Blueschists are sporadically exposed as lenses within the Lancangjiang metamorphic complex, and represent unique components of the Paleo-Tethys. In this paper, we present geochemical and geochronological results of blueschists to decipher their origin and tectonic significance. The whole-rock geochemical analyses revealed strong similarities with ocean island basalt (OIB), and further discrimination diagrams confirm an affinity to a within-plate setting. Combined studies on blueschists using cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon domains and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of phengite and glaucophane provide evidence of their magmatic origin and metamorphic evolution. Slightly oscillatory zoned or compositionally homogeneous zircon grains/domains, as well as structureless zircon rims, yield ages from 231.6 ± 3.7 to 225.3 ± 4.8 Ma, recording the blueschist facies metamorphic event. In contrast, the captured zircon grains and cores with a major age peak at ~241 Ma as well as several minor older age peaks indicate the multiple provenance of the zircons. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar step heating analyses on single grains of phengite and glaucophane separated from blueschists yield plateau ages ranging from 242.5 ± 1.4 to 228.7 ± 1.5 Ma which are interpreted to reflect high-pressure metamorphism.This study provides geochemical and geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Tethyan ocean, which was closed and subsequently subducted as a result of the collision of the Simao and Baoshan Blocks. During subduction in Trassic (243 to 225 Ma), the protoliths of blueschists underwent blueschist facies conditions.     

西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带厅宫铜矿床流体包裹体研究

厅宫斑岩铜矿床是西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带上重要的矿床之一。为了探明该矿床成矿流体的成分及温压条件等物理化学性质,文章对厅宫铜矿各蚀变阶段石英脉及石英斑晶中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温、四极杆质谱、离子色谱和激光拉曼探针分析,结果表明：厅宫铜矿成矿流体为高温、高盐度岩浆热液,成矿事件主要发生在340～380℃,成矿过程中流体发生了沸腾;成矿流体中气相成分以H2O为主,还含有一定量的CO2及少量的CH4、H2S、C2H6等气体;液相中离子以K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-、SO4^2-、F^-等为主,还含有少量的Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋等;另外,出现大量气泡先消失、子矿物后熔融的Ⅲa类包裹体,表明有些成矿流体可能直接来源于深部岩浆的出溶作用。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带发现晚三叠世斑岩型铜矿

正1研究目的(Objective)冈底斯斑岩铜矿带位于西藏南部,在空间上受平行于主碰撞造山带的东西向逆冲断裂和横跨拉萨地体的正断层系的控制,具有"东西成带、南北成串"的分布特征。众多年代学测试数据显示,冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的斑岩成矿作用具有多期次性的特征,斑岩型矿床主要集中在中侏罗世(～174 Ma)、始新世(48～51Ma)和中新世(12～23 Ma)等三个矿化集中期,除了已发现的这3个矿化集中期外是否还存在其他时代的斑岩型成矿作用是一个重要     

西藏沙让斑岩钼矿床锆石SHRIMP定年和角闪石Ar-Ar定年及其地质意义

采用SHRIMP锆石微区U-Pb测年及角闪石40Ar-39Ar测年对冈底斯成矿带东段工布江达县沙让斑岩钼矿区的角闪石闪长岩体进行了年代学研究。对角闪石闪长岩中单颗粒锆石11个样品点分析,其206Pb/238U年龄范围在(45.39±0.77)～(52.7±3.3)Ma之间,加权平均值为(47.17±0.41)Ma,(n=11,MSWD=2.0)。对角闪石样品采用40Ar-39Ar阶段升温测年,年龄谱呈马鞍形,说明角闪石样品存在过剩氩,加权平均年龄(55.10±0.79)Ma不具地质意义,最低坪年龄(53.25±0.60)Ma接近但大于角闪石的结晶年龄。综合前人研究结果,笔者认为:①角闪石闪长岩体形成年龄为(53.25±0.60)Ma,属于喜马拉雅期,相当于始新世,岩体侵入时间早于含矿主岩体斜长花岗斑岩的形成时间。②受后期花岗斑岩体侵入热事件的影响,锆石的蜕晶化作用导致年龄偏小,角闪石Ar-Ar法最低坪年龄基本代表成岩年龄。③斑岩钼矿的形成与主碰撞期岩浆底侵作用有关,始新世早期,冈底斯成矿带的地壳已经增厚到可以产生地壳熔融的厚度,形成斑岩钼矿。④冈底斯成矿带存在40～65Ma的主碰撞期,显示出念青唐古拉成矿带具...     

西藏冈底斯铜矿带甲马夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床与驱龙斑岩型铜矿流体包裹体特征对比研究

对甲马铜多金属矿床流体包裹体研究表明与成矿有关的流体包裹体主要有富液相、富气相和含子矿物多相包裹体三类,包裹体的均一温度范围变化大,从240℃到＞500℃.矿床形成早期干夕卡岩阶段,矿物形成温度大于500℃,湿夕卡岩阶段均一温度区间集中在270℃～360℃之间,该时期为硫化物矿物形成的主要沉淀阶段.矿床的矿物组合、包裹体类型及包裹体激光拉曼探针分析表明成矿流体以高盐度、富含Na、K、Ca、Si、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-等成分为特点,流体来源以岩浆作用为主.甲马矿床属与岩浆作用有关的典型夕卡岩型多金属矿床.根据甲马矿床与附近驱龙斑岩铜矿流体包裹体和同位素特征对比分析,提出二者应属于同一成矿系列.     

藏北多龙矿集区荣那斑岩铜矿找矿突破的实践

荣那铜矿是中铝矿产资源有限公司近年在斑岩型铜矿找矿方面取得的一项重大突破。矿床产于班公湖—怒江缝合带北侧岛弧带中。公司在找矿初期重视基础地质研究,加强对地调和矿调成果的二次解剖,借鉴国内外斑岩铜矿区域分布规律,结合1∶5万磁法异常,明确多龙矿集区重点找矿方向;根据前期勘查成果,结合1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果,确定荣那、拿若为重点验证区。通过总结国外斑岩铜矿蚀变模式、矿化模式和勘查模式,选择有效的激电勘查方法圈定重点验证地段。结合隐伏斑岩体系矿化中心为中低阻、负磁异常、中等极化率,外围发育黄铁矿化壳形成近似环状中高阻、正磁异常、中高极化率异常,最终确定外围正磁、中高极化环形异常系荣那矿床与青磐岩化带有关的黄铁矿化壳引起,负磁、中等极化率异常为矿化中心部位,通过选择合理网度进行钻探验证实现找矿突破。荣那矿床勘查过程中的理论思考,区域-矿田物化探异常的综合分析、有效方法的投入和验证工程的部署充分体现了科学研究与生产的有机结合。     

Mineralogy and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of supergene Mn-oxides in the Dongxiangqiao deposit,Hunan Province,South China

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Dongxiangqiao Mn deposit in Hunan Province is one of numerous supergene Mn-oxide deposits in central South China. This deposit is derived from chemical weathering of...     

西藏班公湖带多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床中金红石的特征及其意义

西藏班公湖带多不杂铜矿床是新近发现的具有超大型远景的典型富金斑岩铜矿床。金红石是富金斑岩铜矿中最特征的副矿物之一,对其结构和成分的研究可以反演成矿流体演化过程并确定斑岩铜矿的主矿体。在详细的野外地质考察基础上,对钾化带、强粘土化叠加钾化带样品中的金红石研究表明,金红石主要发育在黑云母斑晶中及其附近,呈不规则状、颗粒状(粒径约5~20μm)、长条状(一般长10~50μm,宽3~5μm)等。电子探针分析数据显示,多不杂富金斑岩铜矿中的金红石相对富集SiO2、V2O3、FeO,SiO2含量(质量分数,不同)在0·04%~4·40%范围之内;V2O3介于0.39%~1.13%,FeO为0·51%~3·01%;而其他成分相对较少,CaO0·02%~2·71%,MnO最高可达0·2%,SnO0·1%,Al2O3最高达1·97%,MgO0·96%,Cr2O30·63%,K2O一般0·11%~0·49%,Na2O一般0.1%~0·23%,CuO最高可达0.56%,不含NiO。Fe、Al、V、Sn、Cr、Si、Cu原子数与Ti表现出很好的负相关性,表明这些原子替代金红石的Ti而占据晶格;而金红石中K、Na、Ca较高则可能是由于补偿电荷平衡而进入金红石的晶格。金红石较高含量的CuO、K2O、Na2O,表明成矿热液富含Cu、K和Na,同时也暗示金红石在钾化带中形成。金红石与黑云母密切的关系表明,大多数金红石形成于黑云母蚀变或者重结晶的过程中。另外,多不杂富金斑岩型铜矿床矿体中的金红石w(V2O3)>0.4%,表明金红石中的V含量有助于确定斑岩铜矿中主矿体的范围,从而具有重要的找矿意义。     

江西中西部地区白垩纪玄武质岩石的40Ar/39Ar年代学和地球化学研究

对江西中西部两处中生代玄武质岩石进行了^40Ar／^39Ar年代学和元素一同位素地球化学研究,赣西北上高和赣中螺丝山地区玄武质岩石分别给出了137Ma和90Ma的全岩^40Ar／^39Ar年龄。赣西北上高为亚碱性的玄武安山岩,而赣中螺丝山为碱性玄武岩／粗玄岩,两者均以富集LREE和LILE、无明显HFSE亏损为特征。前者初始^86Sr=0．70492～0．70575,εxd(t)=0．61～3．36,落在Samoa-OIB同位素组成范围;后者初始ε=0．70323～0．70350,εxd(t)=6．19～6．93,与Hawaii-OIB的Sr-Nd同位素组成相似。与赣南早中生代(约173Ma)EMⅡ型玄武岩一起暗示该地区中生代岩浆源区有着自岩石圈向软流圈属性演化的时序迁移规律,表明该区自早中生代以来处于软流圈上隆的岩石圈伸展构造背景。     

西藏多龙矿集区波龙斑岩铜矿床蚀变与脉体系统

波龙铜矿床是多龙矿集区继多不杂斑岩铜矿床后发现的又一大型斑岩铜矿床.文章在详细的野外地质编录及室内镜下鉴定基础上,对波龙斑岩矿床蚀变与脉体系统进行系统梳理.结果表明,波龙矿床发育明显的蚀变分带,从深部(或核部)往浅部(或外侧)具有钾化带→黄铁绢英岩化带→泥化叠加黄铁绢英岩化带→角岩化带(或外侧的青磐岩化带)的蚀变分带特征.共识别出M、A、B、D4种脉体类型,以A、B脉最为发育.与成矿关系密切的主要为钾化带、黄铁绢英岩化带及A、B脉.与国内外典型斑岩矿床蚀变特征相比,波龙矿床蚀变特征总体与“二长岩”模式相似,特征矿物组合与阿根廷Bajo de la Alumbrera矿床,国内驱龙铜矿、多不杂铜矿等都具有相似之处.但波龙矿床从钾化带至黄铁绢英岩化带都大量发育的稀疏-稠密浸染状及脉状磁铁矿是该矿床的独有特色.     

Fluid inclusion geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology constraints on the genesis of the Jianchaling Au deposit,China

The giant Jianchaling gold deposit is located in the Shaanxi Province, China. The mineralization is hosted by WNW-trending faults in the Mianxian-Lueyang-Yangpingguan (MLY) area. The mineralization can be divided into three stages based on mineralogical assemblages and crosscutting relationships of mineralized quartz veins. These stages, from early to late, are characterized by the mineral assemblage of: (1) quartz – coarse-grained pyrite – pyrrhotite – pentlandite – dolomite; (2) quartz – pyrite – gold – sphalerite – galena – carbonate – arsenopyrite – fuchsite; and (3) dolomite – calcite – quartz – fine-grained pyrite – realgar – orpiment.Three types of fluid inclusions have been recognized in this study based on petrographic and microthermometric measurements, including pure CO₂ and/or CH₄ (PC-type), NaCl-H₂O (W-type), and NaCl-CO₂-H₂O (C-type) fluid inclusions. These fluid inclusion types are present in quartz from the Stage 1 and 2 assemblages, whereas the Stage 3 quartz only contains W-type fluid inclusions. The Stage 2 assemblage is associated with the mineralization at the Jianchaling deposit. Fluid inclusions of Stage 1 quartz homogenize mainly between 250° and 360 °C, with salinities up to 15.6 wt.% NaCl equiv., whereas the Stage 3 dolomite with homogenization temperatures of 160° – 220 °C and salinities of 1.1–7.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. This indicates that the ore fluid system evolved from CO₂-rich, probably metamorphic hydrothermal to CO₂-poor, meteoric fluid. All three types of fluid inclusions can be observed in the Stage 2 quartz, suggesting that this heterogeneous association was trapped from a boiling fluid system. These inclusions homogenized at temperatures of 200°–250 °C and salinities of 1.2–12.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. The estimated trapping pressures of the fluid inclusions are between 117 and 354 MPa in Stage 1, suggesting an alternating lithostatic–hydrostatic fluid system, which was controlled by a fault-valve at the depth of ~ 12 km.Two fuchsite samples collected from the Stage 2 polymetallic-quartz veins yielded well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic plateau ages of 197 ± 2 and 194 ± 2 Ma, and ³⁹Ar/³⁶Ar-⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar normal isochrones of 198 ± 2 and 199 ± 2 Ma. This indicates that the mineralization at Jianchaling is Early Jurassic (ca. 198 Ma) in age. We propose that Jianchaling is an orogenic gold deposit, and formed during continental collision related to the northward subduction of the Mian-Lue oceanic plate during the Early Jurassic. We also conclude that the beginning of the continental collision between the Yangtze and the North China Cratons took place around 200 Ma.     

四川冕宁木落寨稀土矿床成岩成矿的^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究

木落寨稀土矿床位于四川省冕宁县境内,雅砻江西侧.矿体产于英碱正长岩与变质辉绿岩和大理岩接触的构造破碎带中.此前,英碱正长岩被认为形成于燕山期,但没有任何同位素年龄资料的报道.本文通过40Ar/39Ar快中子活化分析,得出英碱正长岩微斜长石的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为31.2±0.56Ma,等时线年龄为30.6±2.6Ma.矿石金云母的Ar/39Ar坪年龄为35.5±0.5Ma,等时线年龄为35±1Ma.微斜长石的年龄比金云母年龄偏小,是因为两者的Ar同位素封闭温度不同,前者约为170℃,而后者为350℃.两者年龄差较大表明在35.5～31.2Ma之间,矿体和岩体均进入了较慢冷却阶段,冷却速率约为41.9℃/Ma.因此,木落寨矿床的矿石与英碱正长岩的形成年龄接近,均属新生代喜马拉雅期.木落寨矿床成岩成矿年龄的确定,对于进一步了解该区域偏碱性火成岩的形成时代及拓宽区域稀土找矿远景,具有很大意义.