A study on the polyculture of the algae, the shrimp and the crab

A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable     

The effect of unstable inertia-gravity wave on the occurrence and the development of typhoon and tropical cyclone

In this paper,the analysis of the occurrence and the development of typhoon and tropical cyclone is made with the unstable theory of wave. The result indicates that the primary wave is the unstable inertia-gravity wave in the process of the occurrence and the deveJopmant of typhoon and tropical cyclone: The existence of the deep moist layer and the heating by moisture condensation can impel and intensify the unstability of the wave and is favourable for the reduction of the wave energy dispersion, therefore, it is good for the formation and the development of typhoon and tropical cyclone, and also can slow down the wave speed. Besides, the condition that the change of the specific volume of the basic state with pressure is less than that of adiabatic state may also lead to the wave unstability, thus may have certain effect on the occurrence and the development of typhoon and tropical cyclone.     

Studies on the prevention and treatment of mycosis and ciliate disease of larval penaeid shrimp

This paper deals mainly with etiology, pathology, sympotomatology, harmfulness, preventive measures and treatment of larval mycosis (caused by Lagenidium sp. ) and of ciliate disease (caused by Zoothamnium sp. ) of penaeid shrimp larvae.     

A comparative study on the contents of vitamins in the natural and the cultured prawn

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Analysis of the dynamic characteristics and stochastic simulation on variations of beach volumes

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Experimental Study on the Wavelengths of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Freak Waves

Freak waves are commonly characterized by strong-nonlinearity, and the wave steepness, which is calculated from the wavelength, is a measure of the degree of the wave nonlinearity. Moreover, the wavelength can describe the locally spatial characteristics of freak waves. Generally, the wavelengths of freak waves are estimated from the dispersion relations of Stokes waves. This paper concerns whether this approach enables a consistent estimate of the wavelength of freak waves. The two-(unidirectio...     

A Report about the Seminar on the Development of Port and Coast in the Mainland and Taiwan of China, Nanjing, China

The Seminar on the Development of Port and Coast in the Mainland and Taiwan was heldfrom October 15th to 20th, 1993 in Hohai University, Nanjing, China, under the sponsorship ofHohai University and National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, and under the co-sponsorshipof Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute and Jiangsu Society of the Mainland and Taiwan Rela-tionship. The aim of the Seminar is to strength the academic exchanges in the fields of port andcoastal engineering, to promote cooperation in science and technology, to benefit the develop-ment of construction as well as science, technology and education in port and coastal engi-neering in the Mainland and Taiwan of China. The main topics covered are in four aspects:     

Fluid circulation and formation of minerals and bitumens in the sedimentary rocks of the Outer Carpathians – Based on studies on the quartz–calcite–organic matter association

Different methods have been used to examine minerals and/or solid bitumens in three adjacent Carpathian regions of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia. The minerals fill smaller and larger veins and cavities, where they occur either together or separately. They usually co-occur with the solid bitumens. All δ¹³C_PDB values measured for calcite lie in a relatively wide interval between −6.25‰ and +1.54‰, while most values fall into the narrower interval from below 0 to about −3‰. The general range of calcite δ¹⁸O results for the whole studied region is between +17.13‰ and +25.23‰ VSMOW or from about −11 to −5‰ VPDB, while the majority of these values are between +20.0 and 23.5‰ VSMOW (−10.53 and −8.00‰ PDB, respectively). δ¹⁸O_VSMOW results for quartz vary between +23.2 and 27.6. The carbonate percentage determined in some samples falls between from <2% CaCO₃ to >90% CaCO₃, while the TOC values changes from 0.09% to over 70%.The aliphatic fraction predominates in all studied samples, mainly in bitumens and oils. The composition of the aliphatic fraction is relatively homogeneous and points to a strong aliphatic, oil-like paraffin character of the bitumens. Such a composition is characteristic of the Carpathian oils and different from the rocks studied that contain the higher percentage of a polar fraction. The content of the aliphatic fraction in bitumens is only slightly higher than that in two oils used for comparison. The distribution of n-alkanes is variable in rocks, solid bitumens as well as inclusions in quartz and calcite. Two groups of bitumens may be distinguished. Those with a predominance of long-chain n-alkanes in the C₂₅–C₂₇ interval (in some cases from C₂₃–C₂₅ and without or with a very low concentration of short-chain n-alkanes in the interval of C₁₄–C₂₁) show also a high content of isoprenoids i.e. of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph). In all but one bitumen samples, Pr predominates over Ph. The second group comprises oils and rock samples with a characteristic predominance of short-chain n-alkanes in the interval from C₁₃–C₁₉ and a low percentage of the long-chain n-alkanes from the n-C₂₇–n-C₃₃ interval. Pristane and phytane exhibit a concentration comparable to that of C₁₇ and C₁₈ n-alkanes with a Pr predominance over Ph. Due to high maturity, only small amounts of the most stable compounds from the hopane group have been observed in the samples, also oleanane in one case. Among the aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene and its methyl- and dimethyl-derivatives are dominant in bitumens, source rocks and inclusions in calcite and quartz. Occurrence of cyclohexylbenzene and its alkyl-derivatives as well as cyclohexylfluorenes in solid bitumens suggest that they formed from oil accumulations under the influence of relatively high temperatures in oxidizing conditions.Homogenization temperatures for aqueous/brine inclusions in quartz within the Dukla and Silesian units (Polish and Ukrainian segments) are between 125 and 183.9 °C, while salinities are low in the interval of 0.2–5.5 wt% NaCl eq. The inclusions in calcite homogenize at higher temperatures of almost 200 °C and the brine displays higher salinity than the fluid in the quartz. Two quartz generations may be distinguished by inclusion and isotope characteristics and the macroscopic diversity. Oil inclusions homogenize at 95 °C. One phase inclusions in quartz contain methane, CO₂ and nitrogen in variable proportions.     

Impact of dredging and dumping on the stability of ebb–flood channel systems

The impact of dredging and dumping on the morphologic stability of the tidal channels is investigated using morphologic field observations for the Westerschelde estuary dating back to 1955. The results are used to verify the theoretical concept presented by Wang and Winterwerp (2001). This concept states that a critical threshold for the amount of sediment dumping exists above which a channel system in equilibrium may become unstable and degenerate. The value of this threshold amounts to 5–10% of the total sediment transport capacity. Verification of this concept using field observations is not straightforward as the morphology of tidal channel often changes as a result of both natural processes and human interferences, i.e. the channels are not in equilibrium. In addition, the morphological timescales associated with channel degeneration are large (decades to centuries). Verification of the theory thus requires a careful analysis of abundant morphological data and numerical modeling of sediment transports. The results of such analyses presented in this study confirm the existence and the approximate magnitude of the critical level for dumping that follows from theory. Refined guidelines are derived to use the theoretical concept as an engineering tool for the evaluation and design of strategies for dumping in estuarine multi-channel systems. In the absence of the required morphological data the indicative theoretical level of 5–10% can be used to obtain a first estimate of the dump capacity in two-channel systems.     

Investigation on the fishing ground and fishing period of the drift fishery of Spanish Mackerel in the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea during the spring season

The Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius (C. et V.), a fish of the upper layer lukewarm water quick in movement, migrates over long distances in shoals. With the development of the nylon drift net the annual catch of such fish has increased rapidly. Since     

The evolution of rifting on the volcanic margin of the Pelotas Basin and the contextualization of the Paraná–Etendeka LIP in the separation of Gondwana in the South Atlantic

The Pelotas Basin is the classical example of a volcanic passive margin displaying large wedges of seaward-dipping reflectors (SDR). The SDR fill entirely its rifts throughout the basin, characterizing the abundant syn-rift magmatism (133–113 Ma). The Paraná–Etendeka Large Igneous Province (LIP), adjacent to west, constituted the pre-rift magmatism (134–132 Ma). The interpretation of ultra-deep seismic lines showed a very different geology from the adjacent Santos, Campos and Espírito Santo Basins, which constitute examples of magma-poor passive margins. Besides displaying rifts totally filled by volcanic rocks, diverse continental crustal domains were defined in the Pelotas Basin, such as an outer domain, probably constituted by highly stretched and permeated continental igneous crust, and a highly reflective lower crust probably reflecting underplating.The analysis of rifting in this portion of the South Atlantic is based on seismic interpretation and on the distribution of regional linear magnetic anomalies. The lateral accretion of SDR to the east towards the future site of the breakup and the temporal relationship between their rift and sag geometries allows the reconstitution of the evolution of rifting in the basin. Breakup propagated from south to north in three stages (130–127.5; 127.5–125; 125–113 Ma) physically separated by oceanic fracture zones (FZ). The width of the stretched, thinned and heavily intruded continental crust also showed a three-stage increase in the same direction and at the same FZ. Consequently, the Continental-Oceanic Boundary (COB) shows three marked shifts, from west to east, from south to north, resulting into rift to margin segmentation. Rifting also propagated from west to east, in the direction of the final breakup, in each of the three segments defined. The importance of the Paraná–Etendeka LIP upon the overall history of rupturing and breakup of Western Gondwanaland seems to have been restricted in time and in space only to the Pelotas Basin.     

Study of Wave and Tide Influence on Slope Stability of the Navigation Channel of Tianjin Port

The Tianjin Port is the largest man-made port in China.Since the navigation channel of the Tianjin Port is constructed by dredging,a very important problem,as many people concerned,is the submarine slope stability.As the environment on land is different from that in submarine,it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the environmental loading,such as wave and tide,on the stability of navigation channel slope.In the present study,based on the observed results,the characteristics of the navigation channel slope are summarized,and the causes of creating the special slope shape are analyzed.The roles of waves and tides are evaluated,and failure mechanics are discussed to helq us predict what will happen in the future.     

A Review of Studies on the Interaction Between Waves and Muddy Bottom

This paper presents a brief review of the results on the interaction between waves and muddy bottom obtained during the last decade including the results obtained by the author at the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of Tianjin University.     

The continental shelf wave of the East China Sea and its effect on the Kuroshio

The free shelf wave theory is applied to the practical case of the continental shelf in the East China Sea to analyse the effects of the shelf wave on the Kuroshio. The results indicate that the shelf wave in lower frequency travels from north to south and its phase velocity is proportional to the Kuroshio's current velocity) the maximum current velocity of the Kuroshio lies at the continental margin. The analytical solutions obtained indicate that the hydrodynamic characters of the sea region over the shelf present band structure. The horizontal motion ( x -component) caused by the shelf wave at the margin may be one of the causes for generating wavy pattern of the Kuroshio's axis .     

Numerical simulation of influence of the anomalies of the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific SST and Arctic seaice cover in summer on the atmospheric circulation

A series of numerical experiments have been conducted with a perpetual July, nine-level general circulation spectral model to determine the effect of variation of the Arctic sea ice cover extent and the joint effect of anomalies of both the Arctic sea ice cover and the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature on the summer general circulation. Results show that the two factors,anomalously large extent of the Arctic sea ice cover and anomalously warm sea surface temperature over the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean, play substantially the equal role in the effect on the summer general circulation, and either of them can notably induce the atmospheric anomalies. The main dynamical processes determining the effect of the Arctic sea ice and the equatorial SST anomalies are associated with two leading teleconnection patterns, i. e. the Asia North/American and Eurasian patterns observed in atmosphere. The results presented in this paper again prove that the general circulation is fun     

Studies on the distribution and antibacterial properties of Streptomyces in the intertidal zone of Southern Fujian

The oceans have rich resources of microbes. In recent years, searching for antibiotic of new structure and special biological activity from marine microbes has received great attention. This paper reports the results of the studies on the distribution and the antibacterial properties of Streptomyces in the intertidal zone of Southern Fujian. These studies have important significance to further investigate     

Study on Volume Variation and Stability of Riverbed in the Yangtze Estuary

In recent years,regional floods and typhoons have occurred in the Yangtze Estuary.Changing dynamic conditions and dramatic reduction of sediment discharge in the basin are affecting the dynamic equilibrium pattern of the Yangtze Estuary.Based on the field measurement data and theoretical derivation,this paper analyzed the changing process of runoff-sediment discharge into the sea after the operation of the Three Gorges Project(TGP),and the tidal dynamics and sediment variation characteristics of...     

Numerical and Experimental Research on the Global Performances of Cell-Truss Spar Platform

Spar technology has been applied to the deep-sea oil and gas exploitation for several years.From the first generation of classic spar,the spar platform has developed into the second generation of truss spar and the latest cell spar.Owing to its favorable adaptability to wide range of water depth and benign motion performances,spar has aroused quite a lot of interests from oil companies,universities and research institutes.In the present paper,a new cell-truss spar concept,put forward by the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(SKLOE)at Shanghai Jiao Tong University,is studied both numerically and experimentally.The numerical simulation was conducted by means of nonlinear time-domain fully coupled analysis,and its results were compared to the experimental data.Whereafter,detailed analysis was carried out to obtain the global performances of the new spar concept.Proposals for the improvement of numerical calculation and experimental technique were tabled meanwhile.     

Impact Pressure of Incident Regular Waves and Irregular Waves on the Subfaee of Open-Piled Structures

This paper presents the results of comparison of impact pressures on own-plied structures induced by regular waves and irregular waves in a laboratory channel. Regular waves with wave heights ranging from 0.1 - 0.2 m and periods ranging from 1.0- 2.0 s are tested. The target spectrum for the irregular wave is JONSWAP spectrum. Irregular waves with siguifieant wave heights in the range of 0.10 - 0.25 m and peak periods in the range of 1 . 0 -2.0 s are tested. The relative clearance s/H1/3(H) is between - 0.1 and 0.4, s being the subtace level of structure model above the still water level. Time series of impact pressure are analyzed to indicate whether the properly of impact pressures induced by the regular wave significantly deviates from that by the irregular wave. The distribution of the impact pressure along the underside of the structure is compared for different types of incident waves. The effects of wave parameters, structure dimension and structure clearance on the impact pressure are also diseussed.     

Impact of the cord-grass Spartina alterniflora on sedimentary and morphological evolution of tidal salt marshes on the Jiangsu coast, China

1Introduction Asanimportantcomponentofthecoastalsys tem,tidalflatsareformedbytidalactionunderthe conditionofabundantfine grainedsedimentsupply;theybecomeafocusofthestudyonland oceaninter actioninthecoastalzonebecausetheseareasare subjectedtointensehumanac…