中等贫金属星高分辨率光谱分析Ⅱ.化学元素丰度

在第1篇论文的基础上，确定了样本星的恒星大气参数，得到这些星中9种元素的丰度。讨论了各种元素丰度随[Fe/H]的变化。平均的[Na/Fe]～－0．01dex，接近于太阳丰度。α元素Si和Ca具有几乎相同的丰度模式，而[Ti/Fe]弥散较大，但三者均有随[Fe/H]的减小而增加的趋势。铁峰元素V、Cr、Ni在不同丰度处有较大的弥散，[Cr/Fe]在所有样本星中均表现超丰；而[Mn/Fe]却明显过贫，且随金属丰度的增加而增加。     

贫金属星的重元素丰度Ⅱ.细致的光谱分析

本文确定了贫金属矮星和亚巨星的重元素丰度，基于高分辨率高信噪比光谱得到２７颗样本星的锶，钇，锆，钡，镧，铈和铕丰度，主要结果为：（１）第一峰区元素锶－钇－锆显示了奇偶效应，在晕族星中钇相对于锶和锆过贫。（２）对［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＞－２．５的恒星钇丰度为常数。（３）［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＜１．７的样本星，随金属丰度减小钡过贫增加。（４）镧和铈相对于铁过贫。（５）在金属丰度－１．０＞［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＞－２．０区间，铕表现     

贫金属星的重元素丰度Ⅱ.细致的光谱分析

本文确定了贫金属矮星和亚巨星的重元素丰度.基于高分辨率高信噪比光谱得到27颗样本星的锶、钇、锆、钡、镧、铈和铕丰度.主要结果为:(1)第一峰区元素锶-钇-锆显示了奇偶效应,在晕族星中钇相对于锶和锆过贫。(2)对[Fe/H]>-2.5的恒星钇丰度为常数([Y/Fe]=-0.06).(3)对于[Fe/H]<-1.7的样本星,随金属丰度减小钡过贫增加·(4)镧和铈相对于铁过贫.(5)在金属丰度-1.0>[Fe/H]>- 2.0 区间,铕表现过富.(6)对[Y/Fe],[Zr/Fe]和[Ba/Fe]存在约0.1dex的本质弥散.     

中等贫金属星的元素丰度分析

给出１１颗中等贫金属星－１．３≤「Ｆｅ／Ｈ」≤－０．６的观测资料,确定了这些样本星的恒星大气参数,得到这些星中１４种元素的丰度,讨论了各类元素丰度比随金属经,α元素（Ｍｇ、Ｓｉ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ）相对于铁均表现超丰,每一金属丰度处都存在不同程度的弥散。大部分的铁峰元素（Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ）也相对于铁超丰,不随「Ｆｅ／Ｈ」而变化,百「Ｍｎ／Ｆｅ」则随金属丰度的增加而增加。「Ｎａ／Ａｌ」在「Ｆｅ／Ｈ〉０－     

中等贫金属星的元素丰度分析

给出 １１颗中等贫金属星－１．３ ５［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］ ≤－０．６的观测资料,确定了这些样本星的恒星大气参数,得到了这些星中１４种元素的丰度．讨论了各类元素丰度比随金属丰度的变化。α元素（Ｍｇ、 Ｓｉ、 Ｃａ、 Ｔｉ）相对于铁均表现超丰,每一金属丰度处都存在不同程度的弥散．大部分的铁峰元素（Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ）也相对于铁超丰,不随［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］而变化,而［Ｍｎ／Ｆｅ］则随金属丰度的增加而增加．［Ｎａ／Ａｌ］在［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＞－１．１的样本星中表现超车,在［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＜－１．１的样本中却明显过贫．     

用主成分分析法研究星团谱线的等值宽度

利用主成分分析法（Principal Component Analysis,PCA)，分析了41个银河系球状星团和22个年轻星团光学谱线的等值宽度，发现了一些对金属丰度比较敏感的特征谱线，如CN、CaⅡK、CaⅡH，MgⅠ MgH等，以及一些可作为年龄指标的谱线，如Hδ、Hγ、Hβ、Hα等，这些谱线将有助于区分星团年龄和金属丰度的耦合效应。     

Formation of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor RR Lyrae Stars

Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are considered to be related to the first generation of stars, and responsible for the chemical evolution of the early Galaxy. More than half of them are in binaries, and could be explained by the binary evolution, but the formation channel of them is still not fully understood. Among the hundreds of CEMP stars, there are nine CEMP RR Lyrae stars identified, and at least seven of which are very likely not binaries. The usual binary star evolution channel is difficult to produce such a single star, particularly that of carbon enrichment. One way in which such a single star might be produced is the merger of a helium white dwarf with a Hertzsprung gap (HG) star. We use a stellar evolution program to calculate the models of the merger remnants, and find that the models can reproduce the observed distribution of these CEMP single RR Lyrae stars in terms of surface temperature, gravity, and carbon abundance. Hence, it is extremely possible that the helium white dwarf and HG star merger model is one of the formation channels of the metal-poor carbon-rich RR Lyrae stars.     

Radioactive Ages of Metal-Poor Halo Stars

The abundances of long-lived radioactive elements Th and U observed in metal-poor halo stars can be used as chronometers to determine the age of individual stars, and hence set a lower limit on the age of the Galaxy and hence of the universe. This radioactive dating requires the zero-decay productions of Th and U, which involves complicated r-process nucleosynthesis calculations. Several parametric r-process models have been used to calculate the initial abundance ratios of Th/Eu and U/Th, but, due to the sharp sensitivity of these models to nuclear physics inputs, the calculations have relatively large uncertainties which lead to large uncertainties in the age determinations. In order to reduce these uncertainties, we present a simple method to estimate the initial productions of Th and U, which only depends on the solar system abundances and the stellar abundances of stable r-process elements. From our calculations of the initial abundance ratios of Th/Eu and U/Th, we re-estimate the ages of those ver     

Non－LTE Analysis of the Sodium Abundance of Metal－Poor Stars in the Galactic Disk and Halo

We performed an extensive non-LTE analysis of the neutral sodiumlines of Na I 5683/5688, 5890/5896, 6154/6161, and 8183/8195 in disk/halo starsof types F-K covering a wide metallicity range (-4 [Fe/H] +0.4), using ourown data as well as data collected from the literature. For comparatively metal-rich disk stars (-1 [Fe/H] +0.4) where the weaker 6154/6161 lines are thebest abundance indicators, we confirmed [Na/Fe] ～ 0 with an "upturn" (i.e., ashallow/broad dip around -0.5 [Fe/H] 0) as already reported in previousstudies. For the metal-deficient halo stars, where the much stronger 5890/5896 or8183/8195 lines subject to considerable (negative) non-LTE corrections amountingto 0.5 dex have to be used, our analysis suggests mildly "subsolar" [Na/Fe] valuesdown to ～ -0.4 (with a somewhat large scatter of ～±0.2 dex) on the average at thetypical halo metallicity of [Fe/H] ～ -2, followed by a rise again to a near-solar ratioof [Na/Fe] ～ 0 at the very metal-poor regime [Fe/H] ～ -3 to -4. These resultsare discussed in comparison with the previous observational studies along with thetheoretical predictions from the available chemical evolution models.     

Analysis of high-resolution spectra of mildly metal-poor stars I. Spectral data and equivalent widths

A number of high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of mildly metal-poor stars were obtained with the coudé echelle spectrograph attached to the 2.16m telescope at Xinglong Observation Base of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The spectra of seven mildly metal-poor stars were processed with the MIDAS software package, and the equivalent widths of their spectral lines were measured. The measured equivalent widths together with an error analysis are presented.     

红团簇巨星的光谱分析及其作为I、K波段标准烛光的研究

基于高分辨率、高信噪比光谱观测资料，确定了19颗贫金属红团簇巨星的恒星大气参数，得到样本星4种α族元素(O、Mg、Ca、Si)的化学丰度．讨论了铁丰度与恒星大气参数的相关性以及α族元素丰度随金属丰度的变化，计算了共58颗红团簇巨星在I、K波段的绝对星等，讨论了它们与恒星铁丰度之间的关系．结果表明，在分析铁丰度范围内相对于I波段，K波段的绝对星等与铁丰度的相关性更弱，并且与利用理论模型得到的红团簇巨星I、K波段绝对星等与铁丰度的关系进行了比较与验证。     

贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成

贫金属富碳恒星(Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor, CEMP)是研究宇宙早期恒星性质和化学演化的极佳样本,通常认为来自双星.目前发现的贫金属富碳星中有9颗天琴RR变星(RR Lyrae star, RRL),其中至少7颗未表现出任何双星特征.传统双星物质转移模型不足以充分解释贫金属富碳天琴RR变星(CEMP-RR Lyrae)单星的形成.之前研究表明氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星(HG)的并合模型可以解释部分富碳红巨星单星的碳增丰现象,因此贫金属富碳星单星也可能来自氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星的并合模型渠道.通过详细计算的氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型来检验这一演化渠道,结果表明:该并合模型在后续的演化过程中,其重力加速度、温度、表面碳丰度均能与观测符合较好.由此,氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型极有可能是贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成渠道之一.     

A Statistical Model for Predicting the Average Abundance Patterns of Heavier Elements in Metal-Poor Stars

We have collected nearly all the available observed data of the elements from Ba to Dy in halo and disk stars in the metallicity range -4.0 <[Fe/H]< 0.5. Based on the observed data of Ba and Eu, we evaluated the least-squares regressions of [Ba/Fe] on [Fe/H], and [Eu/H] on [Ba/H]. Assuming that the heavy elements (heavier than Ba) are produced by a combination of the main components of s- and r-processes in metal-poor stars, and choosing Ba and Eu as respective representative elements of the main s- and the main r-processes, a statistical model for predicting the Galactic chemical evolution of the heavy elements is presented. With this model, we calculate the mean abundance trends of the heavy elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Dy with the metallicity. We compare our results with the observed data at various metallicities, showing that the predicted trends are in good agreement with the observed trends, at least for the metallicity range [Fe/H]> -2.5. Finally, we discuss our results and deduce some importa     

Nucleosynthesis in Low and Intermediate Mass Stars – The Good, the Bad and the Unspoken

Stellar nucleosynthesis is the corner-stone of many astrophysical problems. Its understanding, which can be tested by countless observations, leads to insights into the stellar structure and evolution and provides crucial clues to the physics of galaxies and of the Universe. Precise answers can be given to the questions ‘When, where and how are the chemical elements synthesized in stars?’ However, in spite of the observational confirmation of many predictions, important weaknesses remain in many crucial details of the global view. We discuss here some of the theoretical developments which are required in order to improve the nucleosynthesis predictions for low and intermediate mass stars.