数字化地质中的误差校正

分析数字化过程中图形数据输入时引起误差的原因,说明了误差校正的原理,通过几何变换、最小二乘法线性校正、分块校正等方法对图形数据进行校正,经过仿射变换、双线性变换、平方变换、双平方变换、立方变换、四阶多项式变换等对图像进行校准。实践表明MAPGIS提供的误差较正功能模块进行图形校正,在地质图件的应用中效果很好。     

地质图件的计算机制图方法要点

本文以PHOTOSHOP和MAPGIS为例,介绍处理所拍地质照片、地形(地质)图的误差校正、拼接地形地质草(底)图、制图流程中的技术设计、图例板的建立、生成标准图幅、数字化编制地质图、图形输出处理等各制图环节中的方法要点。并提出了“一般底图的校正”、“标准分幅的地形(地质)底图校正”方法,以及矢量化图形要采用“先校正,后矢量化”的方法步骤,校正系数的计算方法是图形图像的理论宽(高)度值除以图形图像实际宽(高)度值。讨论分析了误差的来源,给出了一些提高制图效率的方法技巧与经验。要根据设备、软件的特点,掌握制图的各种技术方法要点,才能达到高质量、高速度制作出满足技术要求的图件。     

地理信息系统在国土资源调查中的应用

目前地理信息系统的制图功能广泛应用地国土资源大调查中，作者结合自己的工作体会，介绍一个微机辅助制图的工作方法和步骤：图层设置，矢量化，误差校正，图幅拼接，图幅整饰和图形输出。     

略谈用"化整为零,化零为整"的方法进行图形误差校正

由于图形经过扫描输入或数字化输入后,必然存在着变形或畸变.出现变形的图形,必须经过误差校正,清除输入图形的变形,才能使之满足实际要求.使用“化整为零,化零为整”的方法形成误差校正控制点文件及采集控制点数据,可以最大限度地取得较多的控制点,从而可以有效地提高机助制图的精度.     

略谈用"化整为零,化零为整”的方法进行图形误差校正

由产形经过扫描输入或数字化输入后，必然存在着变形或畸变。出现变形的图形，必须经过误差校正，清除输入图形的变形，才能使之满足实际要求。使用“化整为零，化零为整”的方法形成误差校正控制点文件及采集控制点数据，可以最大限度地取得较多的控制点，从而可以有效地提高机助制图的精度。     

GIS数据的误差分析与校正

本文主要介绍了GIS数据的误差类型、传播过程、产生的原因、误差控制以及误差校正的方法,并简要阐述了MAPGIS中的误差校正问题。     

GIS数据的误差分析与校正

本文主要介绍了ＧＩＳ数据的误差类型,传播过程,产生的原因,误差控制以及误差校正的方法,并简要阐述了ＭＡＰＧＩＳ中的误差校正问题。     

精准校正非标准分幅的影像

非标准分幅影像是指标准5万地形图、20万地质矿产图等裁切下来的局部图形。我部拥有大量此类资料,包括纸质和电子版的。用传统方法校正此类图像存在工作效率低、校正误差大等问题,本文探索一种简便、快捷、精准的校正方法。     

地理信息系统在建立1∶20万自然重砂空间数据库中的应用

本文以突泉县幅图为例,在建立1∶20万自然重砂空间数据的过程中,利用地理信息系统MAPGIS软件平台,来完成图元的录入编辑、图形的误差校正及属性连接,最终形成空间数据库。     

地理信息系统在建立1：20万自然重砂空间数据库中的应用

本文以突泉县幅图为例，在建立1：20万自然重砂空间数据的过程中，利用地理信息系统MAPGIS软件平台，来完成图元的录入编辑、图形的误差校正及属性连接，最终形成空间数据库。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861