浅析173雷达不易探测到干冷大风的原因

从713雷达性能及干冷大风性质方面,简单地分析了713雷达不易探测到干冷大风的原因.     

713C数字化雷达与711雷达回波对比分析

驻马店气象局1984～1993年使用的是711(X波段)3cm雷达，1994年更新为713(C波段)5cm数字化雷达。经过前(1984～1993年)后(1994～2003年)各lO年两种雷达回波资料的对比分析，发现了713C数字化雷达与711雷达的异同。     

天气雷达天馈系统损耗的测量

根据微波测量的基本原理，利用雷达台站现有的仪器设备，介绍了对天气雷达达天馈系统的插入损耗进行定量测量的方法和注意事项，并给出了713C天气协达的天馈系统的测量结果。     

南昌多普勒雷达与713-C雷达降水回波产品对比分析初探

通过对比多普勒雷达和713-C雷达在同一时间、同一站点对降水回波的探测资料,找出它们在同类产品上的差异,对完成713-C雷达观测向多普勒雷达观测的过渡,用好多普勒雷达提供参考性意见。     

713天气雷达数字化系统与应用

本文简要介绍了713天气雷达数字化系统的功能、结构组成、数据处理方法以及在现时预报、专业气象服务中的应用，并对今后的工作提出了设想。     

CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统故障分析

通过晋城CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统的故障维修工作,以及对CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统组成和工作原理的研究,针对CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统在实际运行过程中出现的各种问题进行分析、归纳和总结,提出了两种CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统故障分析方法——快速定位故障法与应对疑难故障法,其相对快捷的分类检修方法,为以后的CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达技术保障提供借鉴,进而有效地提高天气雷达保障的工作效率。     

雨区衰减和雷达取样误差对713型双线偏振雷达测量精度的影响

为了确定713型双线偏振雷达的探测精度,本文利用电磁波的矩阵传播法计算了考虑椭球形雨滴在不同空间取向下,雨区衰减对713型双线偏振雷达的可测量反射率因子Z_H、差反射率因子Z_(DR)的影响。并利用已有的统计理论讨论了该雷达的取样误差,为实际雷达改装工作提供了依据。     

数字化713C型天气雷达天控故障的分析与检测

根据数字化713C型天气雷达的天控系统原理,结合潍坊市数字化713天气雷达的一次天控故障检修,分析了产生故障的原因,提出了天控故障的检修思路和处理方法,为数字化713C型天气雷达天控系统的故障检修提供参考。     

713雷达的双线偏振改装

本文介绍了将713天气雷达改为双线偏振雷达的方法。即在713雷达上增加一只大功率微波开关,将天线馈源改为双通道,提高雷达发射机的脉冲重复频率和加设必要的数据处理系统后,使713雷达具有双线偏振探测能力。文中对各主要部件的技术指标亦作了介绍。     

基于Web的713C天气雷达图即时共享系统

在713C天气雷达实时扫描资料定时存盘的基础上,713C天气雷达图即时共享系统利用.NET框架下新的图形接口技术GDI+,实现图形文件的格式转换和传输;在ASP.NET环境下,利用VB.NET开发语言,实现基于Web服务器的雷达图像共享.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.