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元谋干热河谷区土地荒漠化研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
张建平 《云南地理环境研究》2000,12(1):1-8
干热河谷是我国西南地区特殊的生态类型,通过分析云南元谋干热河谷区土地荒漠的面积(海拔1350m以下,荒漠化土地面积1006.02km^2,占该区总面积的70.15%),表现特征(地形破碎,劣地广布,以肉质常绿灌丛为代表的类似荒漠植被,地表水分条件恶化,土壤贫瘠)及形成原因(自然原因:地质基础稳定性差,地貌类型多样,气候炎热干燥;人为原因:人口激增增加环境压力,垦荒,乱滥伐,过度放牧),提出了土地荒 相似文献
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金沙江干热河谷区攀枝花市土地退化初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
金沙江河谷区由于河谷深切、焚风效应显著、气候干热、生态环境脆弱,加上人类活动的强烈干扰,使水土流失加剧及土地退化甚至荒漠化的发生和发展。位于金沙江干热河谷的攀枝花市土地退化面积占本市总面积的49.1%,轻度、中度、强度和极强度退化土地面积分别占总土地面积的37.2%、8.2%、3.2%和0.5%。土地退化使土层变薄、肥力下降、土地生产力降低,破坏水利设施、影响水利工程效益,加剧自然灾害。土地退化的防冶对策为:制定正确的土地退化防治政策;严格控制人口增长;加强宣传,提高农民群众的生态意识;保护现有森林,加强植树造林;巩固与加强农田水利基本建设。 相似文献
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利用RS与GIS技术对新疆昌吉市的荒漠化土地进行监测分析,采取卫星数据解译结合现地调查及抽样方法获取昌吉市荒漠化现状。监测调查表明:昌吉市是荒漠化分布极广的地区,荒漠化面积占监测区面积的83.4%。在荒漠化土地类型中,荒漠化耕地占17.33%,荒漠化林地占30%,荒漠化草地占65.04%,荒漠化未利用地占0.8%。在荒漠化程度中,非荒漠化土地占16.6%,轻度荒漠化占19.1%,中度荒漠化占44.5%,重度荒漠化占36%,极重度荒漠化占0.4%。按荒漠化主导因素:风蚀荒漠化占66.6%,水蚀荒漠化占11.2%,盐渍荒漠化占22.2%。 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS的金沙江干热河谷区退化生态系统评价——以云南省元谋县为例 总被引:13,自引:7,他引:6
文章以元谋县为例,研究干热河谷退化生态系统评价。在对植被指数、斑块分维数、沟谷密度、坡度、水热分带、载畜量、人口密度等因子分析的基础上,通过建立遥感和地理信息数据库进行综合定量评价。评价结果表明,元谋干热河谷生态环境退化较严重,就地形垂直分带而言,坝周低丘陵区生态环境退化最严重;就不同土地景观类型而言,旱地、林地、草地生态系统退化较严重。文章还对元谋干热河谷生态系统退化主要原因、空间分布规律及其恢复重建途径进行研究与探索。 相似文献
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青海高寒区土地荒漠化及其防治 总被引:8,自引:6,他引:8
青海是我国荒漠化面积较大、危害严重地区之一。本世纪50年代以来,由于自然因素和人为因素影响,使土地荒漠化加剧,对人民生产生活、国民经济建设造成了严重危害。根据4次全省荒漠化土地的普查资料,以及对柴达木盆地、共和盆地和青海湖盆地3个主要荒漠化土地分布区的研究,认为青海高寒区的荒漠化土地年平均扩大13.4万hm2,年增速率为2.2%,已成为青海非常突出的生态环境问题。最后对荒漠化防治途径进行了探索。 相似文献
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元谋干热河谷植被呈多顶极分布格局.稀树灌草丛是一具次生性的河谷气候顶极群落,但在发生上也有一定的古老性.扭黄茅+车桑子群落是在现代自然-人为因素强烈影响下形成的一个亚顶极群落. 相似文献
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干旱河谷地带的水热状况和气候特征等与山地地形、河谷深切为主的地貌格局有密切关系。干旱河谷的形成,是在独特自然区位和复合性低纬大气环流系统的环境条件下,受梯度地形、山谷相间和地形环境等地表因素共同影响下的结果。新生代时期以来的造山运动与河谷地貌演变是局部地带"荒漠化"气候环境形成的重要因素,并引发其它相关生态因子和整体生态系统产生变化,在低凹盆谷和河流峡谷出现了脆弱易退化、环境特异性、环境要素亏缺为特征的特殊生态系统。 相似文献
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美国田纳西流域开发及其对我国流域经济发展的启示 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文在分析了美国田纳西河流域开发的历史背景和主要特点基础上 ,借鉴其成功经验 ,提出了我国流域经济发展的方向和途径。 相似文献
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基于1961-2014 年岷江上游及其周边地区20 个气象站点的观测资料,运用Mann-Kendal非参数检验方法分析了研究区近50 a 的气候突变,结合DEM、土壤、水系、土地利用等数据构建了干旱河谷典型特征的诊断指标体系,准确地界定了岷江上游干旱河谷的范围并分析了其气候突变前后的变化。结果表明:(1)研究区气候突变的时间节点为1981 年,当前气候条件(1982-2014 年)下,岷江上游干旱河谷总长度约为151.63 km,面积约705.62 km2(占区域总面积的2.94%),主要分布于松潘镇江关以下,经茂县凤仪镇至汶川县绵褫间的岷江干流,以及黑水河谷和杂谷脑河谷等岷江支流的两侧。(2)当前气候条件下干旱河谷较气候突变前(1961-1980 年)覆盖河道两岸更宽的范围且向北延伸,长度增加20.87 km,面积增加81.61 km2;(3)气候变暖和土地利用方式的改变是引起岷江上游干旱河谷范围扩大的主要原因。 相似文献
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北京山区沟域经济发展的空间组织模式 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
沟域经济是山区发展的新模式,基本涵盖了沟域发展的各个层面,是独具山区发展特色的经济地理形态.以沟域为载体的山区要素布局的空间耦合关系是山区发展的新命题,理论与现实意义重大.结合多年的山区发展研究,在初步探讨了沟域经济的内涵和空间组织过程的基础上,分析了北京山区沟域经济发展的现状,并对北京沟域经济发展的空间布局特征指向及其影响进行了研究,最后建立了沟域经济空间组织的合理模式框架.研究认为,沟域经济对北京山区新时期的发展转型作用重大,首先它不以行政区域界限为边界,基本串联了山区的大部分村庄,并与主要交通线走向重合,因此至少能在山区产业结构调整、城乡统筹发展等方面会对山区发展产生积极影响.其次,通过分析认为目前北京山区沟域经济发展正处于第二次集中型空间组织阶段,资源节约、环境友好、产业优化是这一阶段的特点,因此北京沟域经济的发展一定程度上有助于协调好山区生态保护与经济发展的关系,促进山区的综合开发.北京山区沟域经济发展模式的成功实践一方面支持了北京山区功能转型的战略决策,另一方面也为其他山区发展提供了借鉴和指导意义. 相似文献
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北京山区沟域经济发展的空间结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Valley economy is a new mode in mountainous area development that is defined by various characters of valley development,and is a distinguishing economical geographic pattern for mountainous area development.The special spatial coupling relations in the dis-tribution of different mountainous elements in valleys are new subjects for the mountain de-velopment studies,and such studies are meaningful both for researches and practices.Based on the long term researches on mountainous area development and following a brief exploration into the connotations and the spatial organizing process of valley economy,the authors analyzed the present situations of the development of valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas,studied the characteristics and the impacts of the spatial structural changes of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas,and finally proposed a rational arrangement of the spatial structure of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas.It is considered in this study that valley economy plays an important role in the development and functional transformation in Beijing’s mountainous areas in the new epoch.Firstly,valley economy is not outlined by the administrative boundaries,and it connects most of the villages in the mountainous areas roughly along the major transportation lines.Therefore,valley economy can exert positive influence on the development in the mountainous areas,at least in the aspects such as the rearrangement of industrial structure in the mountainous areas and the coordinated development of rural and urban areas.In addition,it is found that the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas is evolved in a spatial organizing stage of secondary concentration,which is characterized by resource-saving,ecological protection and industrial optimization.Therefore,the development of valley economy will be helpful to the coordination between ecological protection and economic development in the mountainous areas,and will promote the integrated development of the mountainous areas.The developing mode of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas will provide the basis for the decision-making in the transformation of the functional roles of Beijing’s mountainous areas,and on the other hand,will present experiences for the studies in the mountainous areas outside of Beijing. 相似文献
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北京山区沟域经济发展的空间结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Valley economy is a new mode in mountainous area development that is defined by various characters of valley development, and is a distinguishing economical geographic pattern for mountainous area development. The special spatial coupling relations in the distribution of different mountainous elements in valleys are new subjects for the mountain development studies, and such studies are meaningful both for researches and practices. Based on the long term researches on mountainous area development and following a brief exploration into the connotations and the spatial organizing process of valley economy, the authors analyzed the present situations of the development of valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas, studied the characteristics and the impacts of the spatial structural changes of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas, and finally proposed a rational arrangement of the spatial structure of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas. It is considered in this study that valley economy plays an important role in the development and functional transformation in Beijing’s mountainous areas in the new epoch. Firstly, valley economy is not outlined by the administrative boundaries, and it connects most of the villages in the mountainous areas roughly along the major transportation lines. Therefore, valley economy can exert positive influence on the development in the mountainous areas, at least in the aspects such as the rearrangement of industrial structure in the mountainous areas and the coordinated development of rural and urban areas. In addition, it is found that the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas is evolved in a spatial organizing stage of secondary concentration, which is characterized by resource-saving, ecological protection and industrial optimization. Therefore, the development of valley economy will be helpful to the coordination between ecological protection and economic development in the mountainous areas, and will promote the integrated development of the mountainous areas. The developing mode of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas will provide the basis for the decision-making in the transformation of the functional roles of Beijing’s mountainous areas, and on the other hand, will present experiences for the studies in the mountainous areas outside of Beijing. 相似文献
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干热退化山地不同类型侵蚀沟生物生态工程治理试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
冲沟是生态环境治理和控制泥石流活动的关键地段。结合云南南涧县城后山泥石流生物生态工程治理试验示范研究,总结出由土石混砌与土木筑造结构的生物谷坊,浆筑结构拦坝和谷坊等组成的沟道侵蚀治理方法,并成功地进行了相应的生物坝系建设,筛选出大叶桉,赤桉,马鹿花,台湾相思,马占相思,新叶合欢,夹竹桃等一批适宜干热生境和沟道植被恢复及防护林建设的植物种类,同时采取冲沟与谷坡同时整治,生物治理与调蓄水措施相结合的坡面治理方法。结果表明,这些生物生态工程措施对于防止沟床侵蚀,抑制泥石流活动和护床固坡效果显著。 相似文献
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本文分析了新疆天山北坡玛纳斯河流域治理沙漠、防治沙漠化的开发过程。总结了该地区根根流域生态系统特点,充分发挥流域内水土资源潜力,以水资源限度及其利用水平作好流域规划。并从建设完整的水资源系统、联合运用地表和地下水、掌握灌溉技术三方面充分发挥水资源的生态效益出发,同时注重建设沙漠地区绿洲防护体系,改良土壤提高土地生产力和调整农林牧结构的经验。因而,石河子垦区已建立成为一个典型的人工灌溉绿洲生态系统。 相似文献