基于CorelDRAW和GIS软件的等高线地形图制作——以翠华山地形图为例

CorelDRAW是一款非专业的地图制作软件.但由于它的功能较多、图形处理功能强大,往往能够制作出其他专业地图制作软件无法达到的地图效果,而GIS软件在地图绘制等方面存在优势.以CorelDRAW和GIS软件制作等高线地形图为例,说明在一些特殊的情况下,将两类软件结合,不仅可以制作出精美的地图,更可以节约大量的时间,从而取得事半功倍的效果.     

影像地形图产品模式设计与关键技术

以广东省1∶10 000影像地形图为例,在需求调研分析和生产试验的基础上,设计了影像地形图产品模式,探讨了等高线生成、高程点提取、矢量要素选取、注记及其符号化、图廓整饰等关键技术,研制了相应的生产工艺和技术方法,并制作了产品样本。该研究成果已形成系列技术文档,可为影像地形图的设计和规模化生产提供参考。     

Geoway软件在数字化1：1万地形图中的应用

本文对Geoway软件在数字化1：1万地形图中的软硬环境，作业工艺流程、作业方案等进行了介绍，对如何采集地物要素，矢量化等高线的实际操作做了详细的描述，仅为测绘界同仁提供参考。     

军事地形图与民用地形图的比较研究

从国家测绘局1990年版、军用2004年版《1:250001:500001:100000地形图图式》入手,比较研究了军事与民用地形图,从军事应用的角度分析二者间的差异,旨在达到资源充分共享。     

关于矢量地形图数据字典的研究

矢量地形图数据字典是矢量地形图数据库建设的基础。介绍、分析了国内外矢量地形图数据字典标准的现状，并对我国矢量地形图数据字典的编制内容和形式进行了研究、探讨。     

大比例尺地形图中陡崖表示方法的探讨

结合武汉市锅顶山地形图绘制的过程,对大比例尺地形图中陡崖的表示方法进行了探讨,对采用陡崖符号与等高线相配合表示陡崖的方法进行了实验,讨论了该表示方法的适应条件,提出了采用等高线表示崖壁时根据陡崖比高灵活选择等高距的看法。     

利用AutoCAD二次开发实现地形图高程点与等高线错误自动查找

论述了数字地形图中产生高程点与等高线错误的可能原因,分析了高程点和等高线在地形图中的空间位置关系及作为判断条件的数学关系,论述了解决问题的办法和判断规则,展示了通过编制计算机程序实现找出其错误的核心代码,此研究对于减轻质检人员在检查数字地形图的高程点与等高线错误时的劳动强度和提高工作效率很有意义。     

利用导航电子地图更新地形图的研究

根据导航电子地图的内容和更新特点,提出基于现势性较强的导航电子地图更新地形图的方法。利用MapInfo中Tab格式的1∶1万导航电子地图对ARC/INFO中cover格式的1∶1万地形图道路、居民地、植被、水系等变化较快的人文要素进行了更新。通过试验充分验证,文中提出的技术方案是可行的。     

Interactive generalization on large-scale topographical map supported by a database platform

This paper makes a study on the interactive digital generalization, where map generalization can be divided into intellective reasoning procedure and operational procedure, which are done by human and computer, respectively. And an interactive map generalization environment for large scale topographic map is then designed and realized. This research focuses on: ¹ the significance of researching an interactive map generalization environment, ² the features of large scale topographic map and interactive map generalization, ³ the construction of map generalization-oriented database platform.     

Interactive generalization on large-scale topographical map supported by a database platform

This paper makes a study on the interactive digital generalization, where map generalization can be divided into intellective reasoning procedure and operational procedure, which are done by human and computer, respectively. And an interactive map generalization environment for large scale topographic map is then designed and realized. This research focuses on: ① the significance of researching an interactive map generalization environment,② the features of large scale topographic map and interactive map generalization, ③ the construction of map generalization-oriented database platform.     

利用ArcGIS构建地形图分幅空间数据库

本文利用ArcGIS绑定的脚本语言Python和AML及其空间分析功能,设计了简单可行的算法,并编制了相应的程序,构建了国家基本比例尺地形图分幅空间数据库。首先生成图幅分幅格网,以及对应的网格标识点、图幅编号文件,将标识点与图幅编号文件关联后再与图幅网格叠加即可。该方法充分利用了GIS的空间叠加功能,仅用了极少量的程序代码,没有编程经验的人员可以比较容易掌握,对于各行业应用领域的工作者有很大帮助。     

空间线要素综合算法的不确定性讨论

简述了几种曲线综合算法思路,从综合算法阈值的计算,综合算例数据等方面对综合算法及其不确定性进行了量化的评价,并进一步总结了综合算法不确定的各种表现.     

Comparison of upscaling cropland and non-cropland map using uncertainty weighted majority rule-based and the majority rule-based aggregation methods

Aggregation method is seriously impacted by the landscape characteristics, which has been emphasized due to proportional errors. This research proposed an uncertainty weighted majority rule-based aggregation method (UWMRB) to upscale the cropland/non-cropland map. The Cropland Data Layer for 2016 at 30m resolution, with its corresponding confidence level data, were collected to conduct the experiment using UWMRB and majority rule-based aggregation method. Proportional errors of crop/non-crop were used to assess the accuracy of the two methods. Ordinal logistic regression was used to obtain the probability of an error occurring to predict the uncertainty of both methods. The results show that UWMRB can achieve the lower proportional errors with lower uncertainty. Also, it can reduce the influence of complexity and fragmentation of landscape on aggregation performance. Additionally, the examination of UWMRB provides an important view of application of uncertainty information for upscaling land cover maps in an efficient way.     

矿区地形图动态自动修正系统初探

由于矿区特殊性,其地形图变化十分频繁,及时对变化区域或新测绘区域地形图进行修绘是一项十分重要的工作.通过对地形图计算机绘图理论的分析,开发一个矿区地形图动态自动修正系统.该系统特色之处首先是建立一个提取DXF格式地形图控制数据提取接口,并能根据提取数据和修正区域控制数据进行修正区域搜寻、开窗显示、TIN的生成、等高线追踪平滑,以及与原有地形图接边等功能;其次系统力求做到该功能模块的独立性,以能够成为数字化绘图平台或GIS系统绘图功能的补充,或为其该项功能的完善提供具体思路.最后,通过具体实例验证该系统功能的可行性和实用性.     

等高线的空间关系规则和渐进式图形简化方法

详细讨论了等高线表达地形的规则和以此为基础自动建立等高线关系的方法,对地形特征点、线的提取改进了已有较成熟的方法,建立了一套实用的等高线图形简化的渐进式方法,并对其特殊情况的处理提 出了具体的算法。这种方法把不同比例尺跨度的等高线图形综合融为一体,易于实现,等高线图形简化时的等高线相交可在综合过程中控制。     

Quantitative relations between spatial similarity degree and map scale change of individual linear objects in multi-scale map spaces

Quantitative relations between spatial similarity degree and map scale change in multi-scale map spaces play important roles in map generalization and construction of spatial data infrastructure. Nevertheless, no achievements have been made regarding this issue. To fill the gap, this paper firstly proposes a model for calculating spatial similarity degrees between an individual linear object at one scale and its generalized counterpart at the other scale. Then psychological experiments are designed to validate the new model, taking four different individual linear objects at five different scales as test samples. The experiments have shown that spatial similarity degrees calculated by the new model can be accepted by a majority of the subjects. After this, it constructs a formula that can calculate spatial similarity degree using map scale change (and vice versa) for individual linear objects in multi-scale map spaces by the curve fitting method using the point data from the psychological experiments. Both the formula and the model can calculate quantitative relations between spatial similarity degree and map scale change of individual linear objects in multi-scale map spaces, which facilitates automation of map generalization algorithms for linear features.     

城市大比例尺地形图自动化综合的研究

地图自动综合缩编问题一直以来都是个难题。伴着信息化测绘技术的发展,地图自动综合问题逐渐成为热点。随着社会经济与城市建设的飞速发展,城市管理越来越精细化,大比例尺地图的自动综合显得特别的迫切,特别是由1∶500综合到1∶1 000,1∶2 000在城市规划、土地管理等行业的应用具有广泛的需求。