像斑的遥感影像土地利用变化检测方法

提出一种有GIS数据辅助的以像斑为对象基于不同时相非同源的遥感影像变化检测方法,这种方法属于特征级的变化检测,以影像像斑为对象,突破了以往变化检测对数据的要求与限制,改变了传统检测方法对于遥感影像数据的要求同源的模式.通过土地利用图和遥感影像的精确配准套合获取影像像斑,再利用聚类算法按类别进行样本的更新,利用更新后的样...     

利用矢量影像法进行土地利用变化自动检测

为解决土地利用矢量图与遥感影像的变化检测问题,提出了一种基于类别的矢量图与遥感影像变化检测方法。在矢量图约束下,对遥感影像进行影像分割获取像斑;提取像斑在遥感影像上的直方图特征,采用G统计量度量像斑之间的特征距离;利用像斑与其他相同类别像斑之间的特征距离,构建单波段上像斑的类别异质度,自适应加权组合各波段上像斑的类别异质度构建像斑的类别异质度;依据最大熵方法获取各地物类别对应的异质度阈值,以类别为单位对各像斑进行变化判别,获取变化检测结果。在QuickBird遥感影像上的试验验证了本文方法的有效性,实现了矢量图与遥感影像的自动变化检测。     

基于像斑异质度的矢量图与遥感影像变化检测

为实现矢量图与遥感影像的自动变化检测,提出一种基于像斑异质度的矢量图与遥感影像变化检测方法。以旧时期矢量图为约束,对新时期遥感影像采用标记分水岭算法进行影像分割获取像斑;提取兼顾光谱特征与纹理特征的像斑直方图作为像斑的特征,利用直方图相交距离构建像斑特征距离;利用新时期像斑与旧时期同类别像斑特征距离的平均值计算像斑的异质度,采用最大熵法自动获取各地物类别的异质度阈值;通过比较像斑异质度与矢量图所在时期对应类别的异质度阈值,实现像斑的变化/未变化判别。对QuickBird遥感影像的实验验证了所提方法的有效性,变化检测正确率达到了95%。     

基于类别光谱变化规律的土地利用变化检测

提出了一种基于类别光谱变化规律的高分辨率遥感图像土地利用变化检测方法。在基准期土地利用图的辅助下,以像斑为图像分析的基本单位,分别建立不同类别像斑特征在基准期和检测期图像上的分布曲线,通过三次多项式拟合参数表征上述2个时期特征值分布曲线的变化规律,在此基础上获取变化阈值,进行迭代计算,找出不符合类别光谱变化规律的像斑,确认为发生变化的像斑。以武汉市局部2002年、2005年QuickBird多光谱图像及相同区域2002年土地利用图为实验数据,以绿地和城区为例,对上述方法进行验证,证明上述方法有效。     

融合光谱及纹理异质度的遥感影像变化检测

为解决矢量数据与遥感影像的变化检测难题,提出了一种融合光谱异质度与纹理异质度的变化检测方法。以矢量数据为约束,对遥感影像进行分割获取像斑;提取像斑的光谱直方图与局部二值模式(LBP)纹理直方图;采用G统计量度量直方图的距离,利用像斑与其他同类像斑特征距离的平均值分别构建像斑的光谱异质度与纹理异质度,加权组合光谱异质度与纹理异质度构建像斑异质度;利用大津法获取各地物类别的异质度阈值,比较像斑的异质度与对应类别的异质度阈值,对像斑进行变化/未变化判别。在IKONOS遥感影像上的试验验证了本文方法的有效性。     

融合时间特征的遥感影像分类

为了克服基于光谱纹理特征的影像分类法的不足,提出一种融合时间特征的遥感影像分类方法。以历史时期土地利用矢量图为辅助数据,对新时期遥感影像进行带约束的影像分割以获取像斑;采用迭代统计的方法计算新时期遥感影像的地物类别转移概率;利用地物类别转移概率表达时间特征,将其融入到像斑的后验概率中,构建顾及时间特征的像斑联合概率;依据后验概率最大原则获取影像分类结果。采用Quick Bird遥感影像进行的实验结果表明:与基于光谱纹理特征的分类方法相比,所提出的方法能够显著提高影像分类的精度,总体分类精度与kappa系数分别提高了9.8%和17.9%,验证了所提方法的可行性和可靠性。     

融合时间特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类

为了充分利用历史矢量数据,并考虑地物类别的时间关联,提出了一种融合时间特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类方法。将历史时期矢量数据与新时期遥感影像相结合,利用二次分割获取像斑,通过支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法获取像斑类别及像斑的单时期后验概率;依据历史时期及新时期像斑类别属性的关联,获取定量表达时间特征的地物类别转移概率;加权组合像斑的单时期后验概率与转移概率,采用迭代方法获取影像最终分类结果。在Quick Bird影像上的实验表明,该方法能够有效引入时间特征及先验知识,提高影像分类的精度。     

基于对象的多源数据变化检测的方法

不同数据源的遥感数据可综合用于检测地表变化,是土地变更调查中不可或缺的技术手段之一。本文基于高分辨率遥感卫星影像、无人机正射影像和土地利用矢量图,结合多尺度分割法、最邻近分类法和阈值分类法,消除不同遥感数据间的套合误差,实现影像的层层分类,并通过像斑类别识别的方法检测地表变化。试验结果表明:变化检测结果中面积检测正确率为85.37%,精度满足要求。该方法能够结合不同遥感数据源的优势,从而正确识别地表变化区域,同时获取像斑变化的类别。可有效地提高土地调查的效率,提升遥感数据的利用水平。     

基于卡方分布的矢量图和遥感影像变化检测方法

为实现土地利用矢量图的快速更新,提出一种基于卡方分布的土地利用矢量图和遥感影像的变化检测方法。该方法通过栅矢套合获取像斑,利用像斑的特征向量构建χ2统计量,采用迭代的方法获取各地物类别在遥感影像上的均值向量和协方差矩阵,在一定的显著性水平下获取变化检测结果,在Quick Bird影像上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于矢量数据辅助分割的遥感变化检测方法研究

针对变化检测中获取同质像斑较难的问题,提出应用矢量数据辅助分割获取同质像斑。本文提出了基于历史矢量与双时相遥感影像的变化检测方法,实验结果表明,该方法能检测出80%变化的像斑,并能同时获取变化像斑的类别,证明了该方法的有效性。     

单一时相遥感数据土地利用与覆盖变化自动检测方法

针对基期(用于该研究的前一时期数据)T1仅拥有土地利用和覆盖图件(矢量格式)而另一期T2拥有遥感数据的情况,构建了基于知识引导的土地利用和覆盖变化自动检测技术与方法。T1时期土地利用与覆盖与T2期遥感数据在配准叠加情况下,以T1完整的土地利用与覆盖类型图斑为单元构建土地各类别遥感数据知识库,然后以图斑单元或以像素为单位计算遥感影像特征统计量,通过与知识库相关数据的比较与匹配自动检测出变化并识别出相应的土地利用与覆盖类别。文章最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Toward accountable land use mapping: Using geocomputation to improve classification accuracy and reveal uncertainty

The classification of satellite imagery into land use/cover maps is a major challenge in the field of remote sensing. This research aimed at improving the classification accuracy while also revealing uncertain areas by employing a geocomputational approach. We computed numerous land use maps by considering both image texture and band ratio information in the classification procedure. For each land use class, those classifications with the highest class-accuracy were selected and combined into class-probability maps. By selecting the land use class with highest probability for each pixel, we created a hard classification. We stored the corresponding class probabilities in a separate map, indicating the spatial uncertainty in the hard classification. By combining the uncertainty map and the hard classification we created a probability-based land use map, containing spatial estimates of the uncertainty. The technique was tested for both ASTER and Landsat 5 satellite imagery of Gorizia, Italy, and resulted in a 34% and 31% increase, respectively, in the kappa coefficient of classification accuracy. We believe that geocomputational classification methods can be used generally to improve land use and land cover classification from imagery, and to help incorporate classification uncertainty into the resultant map themes.     

土地变更调查遥感监测中QuickBird遥感影像处理方法的讨论

遥感技术在全国土地变更调查工作中得到广泛应用,主要通过从最新获取的遥感影像上提取所需信息,再对比之前的数据库信息进行分析得到一定时间阶段的土地变更情况。文章针对在全国土地变更项目中使用较广的QuickBird影像,以QuickBird影像的全色影像、多光谱影像、前时相基础底图及高程数据为基础,对影像进行拼接处理、降位处理、数据融合、影像彩色合成,以及几何纠正等处理过程,并通过实验确定一个最佳处理流程。最终得到地类清晰可见、容易判读的影像,为之后的影像信息提取打好了基础。     

A spatial–temporal Hopfield neural network approach for super-resolution land cover mapping with multi-temporal different resolution remotely sensed images

The mixed pixel problem affects the extraction of land cover information from remotely sensed images. Super-resolution mapping (SRM) can produce land cover maps with a finer spatial resolution than the remotely sensed images, and reduce the mixed pixel problem to some extent. Traditional SRMs solely adopt a single coarse-resolution image as input. Uncertainty always exists in resultant fine-resolution land cover maps, due to the lack of information about detailed land cover spatial patterns. The development of remote sensing technology has enabled the storage of a great amount of fine spatial resolution remotely sensed images. These data can provide fine-resolution land cover spatial information and are promising in reducing the SRM uncertainty. This paper presents a spatial–temporal Hopfield neural network (STHNN) based SRM, by employing both a current coarse-resolution image and a previous fine-resolution land cover map as input. STHNN considers the spatial information, as well as the temporal information of sub-pixel pairs by distinguishing the unchanged, decreased and increased land cover fractions in each coarse-resolution pixel, and uses different rules in labeling these sub-pixels. The proposed STHNN method was tested using synthetic images with different class fraction errors and real Landsat images, by comparing with pixel-based classification method and several popular SRM methods including pixel-swapping algorithm, Hopfield neural network based method and sub-pixel land cover change mapping method. Results show that STHNN outperforms pixel-based classification method, pixel-swapping algorithm and Hopfield neural network based model in most cases. The weight parameters of different STHNN spatial constraints, temporal constraints and fraction constraint have important functions in the STHNN performance. The heterogeneity degree of the previous map and the fraction images errors affect the STHNN accuracy, and can be served as guidances of selecting the optimal STHNN weight parameters.     

多时相组合分类法在土地利用动态监测中的应用

介绍了土地利用遥感动态监测的基本概念，简述了遥感土地利用变化信息提取等遥感监测方法．重点探讨了多时相组合分类方法的相关技术。对广西2002年和2003年两个时相的MODIS数据．采用多时相直接分类法对土地利用变化状况进行了遥感动态监测。对不同方式波段组合的试验表明。经过差值、比值处理的波段组合具有较差的试验效果(总体精度只有30％～40％)，而经过PCA变换的波段组合则具有相对较好的试验效果(总体精度超过70％)。     

Remote sensing research issues of the National Land Use Change Program of China

In 1999, the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) of China launched the National Land Use Change Program especially to monitor the scale and distribution of urban expansion and the decrease in cultivated land through remote sensing technology. This Program has been carried out annually and continuously for seven years since then and played an important role in the policy-making of MLR about land management and planning. This paper gives an overview about this Program and discusses several research issues. First, the remote sensing data sources and other ancillary data used in this Program are presented. The approaches for image preprocessing, i.e. radiometric normalization, image geometric rectification and image fusion are then introduced with an emphasis on the algorithm development for image registration. Second, land use change detection technique is the most critical and complex aspect of the Program. The methodologies for change detection using either bi-temporal image pair or one existing land use map and one remotely sensed image are detailed. Third, since the data of land use changes derived from remote sensing will be operationally used for local and central government, field validation and accuracy assessment are crucial to ensure the reliability of change detection results. The strategy of field work and the resulting accuracy evaluations is presented. The land use and change information derived from remotely sensed data has wide applications for land management, including land use database updating, verification of land use planning and monitoring of national high-tech parks. Last, suggestions on how to make full use of the images and change detection result, to improve the consistency of land use classification and to develop change detection algorithms for diverse and complex remote sensing data are given.     

基于暗原色先验的遥感影像去雾方法研究

目前,遥感影像应用的场景越来越多,但受到空气污染或气候等原因影响,局部地区雾霾现象严重,严重影响遥感影像质量。针对这一问题,本文结合遥感影像的特点提出了一种基于暗原色先验的遥感影像去雾方法。首先,结合遥感影像的特点,在求取暗通道过程中设置失效点,排除不符合暗原色先验的像素点;其次,根据获得的暗通道计算大气光值;然后,求取透射率图并用导向滤波精细化,根据大气传输模型求得去雾后的影像;最后,分别用无人机影像和Landsat卫星遥感影像进行去雾实验,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Production of high-resolution remote sensing images for navigation information infrastructures

This paper introduces the image fusion approach of multi-resolution analysis-based intensity modulation (MRAIM) to produce the high-resolution multi-spectral images from high-resolution panchromatic image and low-resolution multi-spectral images for navigation information infrastructure. The mathematical model of image fusion is derived according to the principle of remote sensing image formation. It shows that the pixel values of a high-resolution multi-spectral images are determined by the pixel values of the approximation of a high-resolution panchromatic image at the resolution level of low-resolution multi-spectral images, and in the pixel valae computation the M-band wavelet theory and the d trous algorithm are then used. In order to evaluate the MRAIM approach, an experiment has been carried out on the basis of the IKONOS 1 m panchromatic image and 4 m multi-spectral images. The result demonstrates that MRAIM image fusion approach gives promising fusion results and it can be used to produce the high-resolution remote sensing images required for navigation information infrastructures.     

Production of high-resolution remote sensing images for navigation information infrastructures

This paper introduces the image fusion approach of multi-resolution analysis-based intensity modulation (MRAIM) to produce the high-resolution multi-spectral images from high-resolution panchromatic image and low-resolution multi-spectral images for navigation information infrastructure. The mathematical model of image fusion is derived according to the principle of remote sensing image formation. It shows that the pixel values of a high-resolution multi-spectral images are determined by the pixel values of the approximation of a high-resolution panchromatic image at the resolution level of low-resolution multi-spectral images, and in the pixel valae computation the M-band wavelet theory and the à trous algorithm are then used. In order to evaluate the MRAIM approach, an experiment has been carried out on the basis of the IKONOS 1 m panchromatic image and 4 m multi-spectral images. The result demonstrates that MRAIM image fusion approach gives promising fusion results and it can be used to produce the high-resolution remote sensing images required for navigation information infrastructures.