通～南～巴大山区三维采集资料品质及影响因素分析

通～南～巴地区属典型的大山区,在该区开展三维地震资料采集工作,其采集资料的品质主要受到工区地形、激发岩性、断裂发育情况,以及激发井组合形式等多方面的影响.通过对通～南～巴大山区的三维采集资料品质进行分析,对影响通～南～巴大山区三维采集资料品质的各种因素,进行了认真分析和总结,并对如何消除这些影响提出了针对性的技术措施.这将对提高类似地区的三维采集资料品质具有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于SMS(短消息)通信的水文长观孔的远程监测系统设计

论述了远程水文监测系统的方案设计、系统组成、硬件配置、软件设计、工作原理、功能以及技术性能。该系统通过采集子站,将采集的数据整理后由GSM手机模块发送到监测中心进行处理,绘制出相应的曲线,并打印成报表。如果出现异常,则直接将相应信息发送到维修人员的手机上。监测中心还可以对采集子站进行远程参数设置、定时采集和电池电量等相关参数的监测。      

同步可控震源地震采集技术新进展

同步震源地震采集技术,因其任意两个震源之间激发时间的间隔不受任何门限值的制约,可以进行同步激发,与常规采集技术相比,在相近的时间内能够采集到更多的地震记录,从而大大缩短了采集周期,提高采集效益,是近年来国外发展最快的高效采集技术。这里首先介绍了该技术的发展现状,其次以独立同步扫描(ISS)、距离分开同步扫描(DSSS)、HPVA和V1等同步可控震源特色采集技术为例,从其勘探设计出发,结合各自的采集技术、数据分离技术以及野外测试情况进行了介绍,最后对各种高效采集技术的优势进行了对比总结。     

大地电磁测深技术发展及在油气勘探的应用

文章在简要介绍大地电磁测深法方法原理的基础上,对采集系统、二维三维采集方法、处理解释系统及发展方向进行了评述,结合在油气勘探中的实例,对如何正确应用大地电磁测深法方法技术进行了分析.     

韶关市始兴县丝鱼坑矿区化探异常评价方法探讨

通过对丝鱼坑工作区开展1∶2.5万土壤化探扫面,土壤样重新采集、岩石样采集、蚀变样采集,并对数据进行分析对比,对矿区圈定的化探异常进行逐一筛选,发现含矿蚀变破碎带,为下一步进行矿脉的地表追索和深部验证提供了目标体。这套工作方法的关键环节是:勘查区化探扫面发现异常,土壤样重新采集排除假异常,岩石样采集识别最有价值的异常,蚀变样采集发现含矿地质体几个方面。这个过程体现了对热液矿床成矿过程的认识和不同元素在不同环境下的地球化学行为的差异作用,以及对化探分析数据的精细化对比。这个分析过程体现了将地质成矿作用分析与地球化学异常特征分析相结合的工作理念。     

Access数据库在地质资料整理中的应用

利用GPS手持机对地质观察点进行坐标数据的采集,通过GPS手持机应用软件（GISOffice、MapSource）将所采集的原始数据传输保存到电脑中,使用Microsoft Office办公软件（Access、Excel）对数据进行整理、应用,或存贮、共享应用于其他地质资料整理.     

高分辨率地震勘探采集方法研究

野外地震资料采集是地震勘探的基础和质量的基本保证。文章对大量试验资料进行了的详细分析, 证明利用现有的高分辨率地震采集设备, 通过改善资料采集的各种激发、接收因素来进一步提高分辨率,是完全可以实现的,同时为今后的资料采集工作提供了许多经验和方法。     

铀矿资源勘查三维电阻率采集系统与应用研究

LQC-Ⅱ三维电阻率采集系统采用多子站、分布式智能电极设计思路,实现了多通道同时快速并行采集,通过16个子站排列组合实现了大深度的勘查要求。文章对LQC-Ⅱ型三维电阻率测量系统的基本原理、工作方法和技术作了概括性论述。利用该仪器进行了野外试验研究,对采集数据进行了三维反演,得到的水平方向和垂直方向电阻率切片均与钻孔资料吻合。     

北黄海盆地地震主要采集参数模拟

北黄海盆地地质条件相当复杂,前期采集的地震资料品质较差,信噪比低,中深层反射波组不明显,难以清晰反映盆地的构造形态。为了取得品质高的地震资料,采集参数的选择是关键,笔者利用Nucleus模拟系统,对气枪容量、沉放深度,电缆沉放深度等采集参数进行模拟、分析,结合海上地震采集参数试验,最终确定了北黄海盆地的采集参数,并获得较好的地震资料。     

矿井瞬态瑞雷波勘探中若干问题的讨论

针对煤矿井下具有地质条件复杂、干扰大的特点,对井下瞬态瑞雷波勘探资料采集和解释若干问题进行了研究。经过大量的现场实验给出了合适的采集参数。通过对记录进行零漂校正、F-K滤波、切除等预处理方法,提高了瞬态瑞雷波勘探的精度和深度。      

无人机遥感系统在国土资源执法监察中的应用研究

无人机遥感系统是一种新型的高分辨率影像数据快速获取方式,具有高效快速、精细准确、作业成本低等特点。本文介绍了无人机遥感系统的组成、特点,设计了无人机遥感系统在国土资源执法监察中应用的技术流程,并以芜湖县湾沚镇为航摄区域进行实例验证分析。通过遥感影像的几何校正、空三加密、图像拼接和数据精度分析等数据预处理,套合比对2011年度的卫星影像数据和第二次土地调查的土地利用现状数据库,对国土资源执法监察区域的土地利用变化情况进行了初步评价,取得了较好的效果。     

烟台市土地储备系统设计与实现

分析了烟台市土地收购、整理、储备和出让等业务管理内容,在数字烟台地理空间信息公共平台的基础上,以GIS技术为支撑工具,以土地收购储备、出让业务中的空间信息和属性信息为核心数据资源,建立了土地收购储备、出让业务实施管理系统。简化了烟台地区土地储备流程,优化了储备土地及土地开发流程,提高了土地资源利用率,也进一步验证了基于SOA架构的GIS的优势。     

Comparative analyses of East Texas forest cover maps generated from Landsat and AVHRR data

Comparing satellite data derived map products are affected by differences in data characteristics, image acquisition dates, processing techniques, and classification schemes used for assigning pixels to a thematic class. By comparing two forest maps generated from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images acquired on the same day, and processed using identical classification scheme and methods these differences were minimized. The ETM+ derived map had higher classification accuracy values and more precise area estimates than the AVHRR derived map. In the ETM+ derived map, 87 of the 599 verification data were misclassified, whereas in the AVHRR derived map, 155 of the 469 verification data were misclassified. Detailed error analyses by land cover class revealed that a land use based definition of forest accounted for 74% (64 out of 87) and 57% (89 out of 155) of the classification errors in ETM+ and AVHRR derived maps, respectively.     

遥感技术在新一轮国土资源大调查中的进展与作用

随着现代科学技术的飞速发展,遥感技术的应用领域越来越广泛,特别是在国土资源的本底调查、环境评价和科学规划等研究应用中,已成为空间多源信息获取的有力手段,为在国民经济发展中合理开发利用自然资源提供了科学的数据源和信息服务。作者在本文中就近年来遥感技术在遥感数据获取、遥感图像信息提取与分析等方面的进展作了简要阐述,并针对新一轮国土资源大调查的性质和任务,探讨了遥感、地理信息系统在新一轮国土资源大调查中的作用。     

A monitoring framework for land use around kaolin mining areas through Landsat TM images

Sustainable management of land requires regular acquisition of qualitative information regarding the status of its use. It is especially important to track the changes relating to the land’s competitive development needs such as mining. The field-based monitoring of a mine with a wide footprint is expensive and time-consuming. Remote sensing techniques have been developed and demonstrated as cost-effective alternatives for the conventional methods of land use/land cover (LULC) monitoring. In this study, the land cover changes that occurred between the year of 2000 and 2009 in a kaolin mining and processing area in the Kutch region of India are mapped using two Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images. For this purpose, the spectral signature of the land covers including vegetation cover and kaolin were determined and matched filtering (MF) method was applied to classify the images. The overall accuracy of the classified 2009 image was estimated for the kaolin and the vegetation cover to 89.5 and 86.0 % respectively. The change in the land use which occurred from 2000 to 2009 were quantified and analysed for both classes. This study provided a practical framework for rapid mapping of the land cover changes around open-cut kaolin mining area using freely available Landsat data.     

A new model of exact reclamation of post-mining land to address land acquisition problem in Indian coal mining industry

Indian coal mining industry is in transition phase with the growing demand of coal and is likely to escalate further with the need of ultra-mega power projects as well as announcement of smart cities projects. Although, there exist sufficient coal reserves in India, continuous acquisition and possession of coal bearing land is required to minimize the existing gap prevailing between coal demand and supply.The solution of the problem lies not only in modification of laws and policies of industry, but also in modification of mining engineering practices towards sustainable development. This paper critically examines the cause of the problem in the light of Indian laws and practices of the industry. In this paper a method of exact reclamation of post-mining land has been designed as a solution to make easier land acquisition by way of proposing a system of returning back the exact reclaimed land to its owners under corporate social responsibility activity of the industry. The proposed conceptual model of interlinking corporate social responsibility with land exchange will encourage sustainable development practice by mining engineers, and may turn around the public image of the industry.     

Seismic reflection imaging of thin, kimberlite dykes and sills: exploration and deposit characterization of the Snap Lake dyke, Canada

Seismic reflection techniques are, for the first time, used to image a thin, diamondiferous, kimberlite dyke from subcrop to depths greater than 1300 m. Exploration for vertical kimberlite pipes generally utilizes potential field techniques that often fail to reveal subhorizontal or shallow-dipping intrusions. In contrast, seismic reflection methods are well suited for imaging targets with this geometry. Therefore, in order to evaluate seismic reflection as a tool for subhorizontal kimberlite dyke/sill exploration and mine planning, a feasibility study and subsequent seismic survey were undertaken on the diamondiferous Snap Lake dyke (Northwest Territories, Canada). A substantial drilling program has mapped the dyke as a gently dipping sheet that averages 2–3 m in thickness. The detailed structural and composition data available at Snap Lake provides a unique opportunity to test reflection techniques on a well-sampled deposit. The feasibility study involved measuring P-velocities and densities of cores drilled from the kimberlite and host rocks. These data were used to model reflection amplitudes, evaluate resolution limitations, and determine the acquisition parameters for the reflection survey. Two 2-D lines were acquired that provide comparative datasets for different sources (explosive and vibroseis) and ground types (land and lake ice). In addition, the exploration-scale survey incorporated high fold (40–260 nominal) and long offsets (3260 m). The explosive-source profile recorded on land yielded a superb image of the dyke from depths of 60 m to more than 1300 m over a lateral distance of 5700 m. The seismic image correlates well with adjacent drill hole data and adds considerable detail to the topography of the kimberlite sheet determined by drilling. The vibroseis source also imaged the dyke, but only when sources and geophones were on land; the dyke was not imaged beneath the ice due to reverberation and attenuation effects. The frequency response and unusually strong reflection amplitudes from the dyke indicate the importance of tuning effects and multiples for this type of target and acquisition environment. Apparent correlations between reflection amplitudes and dyke structure (e.g., thickness, feathering, 3-D geometry) suggest that seismic reflection data may be valuable for guiding drilling programs. The results demonstrate that, in the appropriate situation, seismic methods have great potential for use in kimberlite exploration, subsurface mapping, and detailed imaging for mine development purposes.     

多媒体技术在地铁隧道变形监测中的应用

简述了通过摄像机、照相机、测量机器人、三维激光扫描仪和其他图形图像采集设备采集隧道变形数据的方法,提出了多媒体变形监测数据的数学处理流程,讨论了多媒体变形监测数据的存储、查询调用、分析和管理方法。研究表明,采用现代多媒体数据采集技术和数据库技术,建立隧道变形监测系统,能以数字、曲线、图形和图像等方式,来反映隧道的实时变...     

RS、GPS、TMS相结合在合肥市大房郢水库工程用地测量中的应用

为满足合肥市大房郢水库建设及土地管理部门对用地资井的要求，利用航空遥感片对用地现状进行了调查，采用航测解析法配合其它先进测量手段(GPS全球定位系统、TMS全站仪测量系统)确定用地的各类界线。本文介绍了这次工作的技术路线，土地利用现状调查，用地界线的确定，数字影像线划地籍图的编辑及数据汇总等方面的情况。