健脾补肾中药方对结直肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型Klotho及铜死亡相关蛋白的研究

目的：探讨健脾补肾法对结直肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型Klotho及铜死亡相关蛋白FDX1及LIAS的影响。方法：将16只裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型分为对照组和中药组,每组各8只,对照组用0.4 ml0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,中药组用0.4 ml健脾补肾类中药颗粒灌胃。2组裸鼠培育14 d后,免疫组化检测肿瘤组织Klotho及铜死亡相关蛋白FDX1、LIAS的表达情况。结果：2组造模后致瘤率均达100%,中药组裸鼠精神及活跃程度较好;2组灌胃14 d后各死亡1只。2组裸鼠肿瘤的质量及体积比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。中药组裸鼠肿瘤组织中Klotho蛋白、FDX1蛋白阳性表达显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;2组裸鼠肿瘤组织中LIAS蛋白表达均呈阴性,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：健脾补肾法可上调结直肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型抑癌基因Klotho蛋白及铜死亡相关蛋白FDX1的表达。     

消水散对人肠癌小鼠腹腔移植模型B7/CD28/CTLA-4协同刺激通路及腹水微环境的影响

目的：研究消水散对人肠癌小鼠腹腔移植模型B7/CD28/细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4（CTLA-4）协同刺激通路及腹水微环境的影响。方法：采用腹腔注射人肠癌细胞株HCT116细胞建立人肠癌小鼠腹腔移植模型,分为模型组,消水散低、中、高剂量组,另设正常小鼠为对照组,每组各10只。观察阳虚症状积分,血清促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（CORT）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）含量,腹水量,瘤体积,瘤重,B7-1、B7-2、CD28、CTLA-4表达量及其mRNA表达水平,腹膜组织转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）表达水平。结果：与正常组比较,模型组阳虚症状积分显著增加（P＜0.01）,ACTH、CORT、T3、T4、TSH含量显著降低（P＜0.01）。与模型组比较,消水散呈剂量依赖性降低小鼠腹水量、瘤体积、瘤重、CTLA-4水平、TGF-β1、IL-10表达水平（P＜0.05）,增加B7-1、B7-2、CD28水平（P＜0.05）。结论：消水散具有抗人肠癌移植瘤恶性腹水作用,这可能与抑制CTLA-4表达,促进T细胞激活,改善机体免疫抑制及腹腔免疫微环境有关。     

基于HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB 途径探讨藿胆鼻渊丸抑制急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症反应的研究

目的：观察藿胆鼻渊丸对急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症的影响及其分子机制。方法：将36只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组,模型组,阳性药物组,藿胆鼻渊丸低、中、高剂量组,每组各6只。采用鼻腔填塞联合鼻腔滴注脂多糖（LPS）法建立急性鼻窦炎大鼠模型。造模完成后,阳性药物组以阿莫西林克拉维酸钾（4∶1）干混悬剂灌胃（98.4375 g/kg）,低、中、高剂量组予藿胆鼻渊丸灌胃（1.26 g/kg、2.52 g/kg、5.04 g/kg）,正常组和模型组予0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,每只SD大鼠灌胃总体积为3 ml/次,2次/d,连续干预21 d。采用苏木精-伊红染色法（HE）观察大鼠鼻窦黏膜炎症变化;酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量;免疫组化（IHC）和蛋白质印迹法（WB）检测IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α蛋白表达情况;WB检测HMGB1、TOLL样受体4重组蛋白（TLR4）、核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）和磷酸化NF-κB p65（p-NF-κB p65）蛋白表达情况。结果：与正常组比较,模型组鼻窦黏膜组织中炎症细胞浸润明显,阳性药物组和藿胆鼻渊丸不同剂量组炎症细胞聚集减少。与正常组比较,模型组血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达均明显升高（P<0.05）,鼻窦黏膜组织中的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,阳性药物组、藿胆鼻渊丸不同剂量组血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达均明显降低（P<0.05）,鼻窦黏膜组织中的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均下降（P<0.05）。与阳性药物组比较,高剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达均明显降低（P<0.05）,HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达下降（P<0.05）。结论：藿胆鼻渊丸可以有效抑制急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症反应,其机制可能是通过下调HMGB1分子,抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,减少IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α释放,从而达到抑制炎症的作用。     

健脾消癌方对人结肠癌细胞中Wnt信号分子β-catenin、Axin及靶基因MMP-7、CD44的影响

目的：观察健脾消癌方对Wnt信号分子β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）、Axin及靶基因基质金属蛋白酶-7（MMP-7）、CD44的影响,探讨其抗结直肠癌复发转移的作用机制。方法：将对数生长期的HCT116细胞分为空白组,0.9%氯化钠注射液组,5-Fu组及健脾消癌方低、中、高剂量组,分别干预48h后,收集细胞,PCR检测β-catenin、Axin及MMP-7、CD44表达。结果：健脾消癌方含药血清可以降低人结肠癌HCT116细胞中β-catenin mRNA表达水平,上调Axin mRNA表达水平,明显抑制MMP-7 mRNA及CD44 mRNA的表达。结论：健脾消癌方抗结直肠癌转移侵袭的药理作用可能与其下调Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的信号分子β-catenin及上调Axin的表达水平并有效降低靶基因MMP-7、CD44的表达水平有关,这可能是健脾消癌方抗结直肠癌复发转移的重要分子机制之一。     

NF-κB活化对THP-1源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出与炎症因子表达的影响及右归丸的干预机制研究

目的：通过脂多糖（LPS）干预单核细胞（THP-1）源性泡沫细胞制备高胆固醇模型,探讨右归丸含药血清对THP-1源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出与炎症因子表达的影响。方法：利用LPS培养THP-1源性泡沫细胞诱导24h制备高胆固醇细胞模型,给予右归丸含药血清小、中、大剂量干预。通过比色法检测干预后的THP-1源性泡沫细胞内总胆固醇（TC）、游离胆固醇（FC）和胆固醇酯（CE）的含量;酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞内的细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的含量;逆转录-聚合酶链反应法检测细胞NF-κB p65、SREBP1c、ABCA1mRNA的含量和蛋白表达。结果：10 ng/ml LPS培养THP-1源性泡沫细胞成功复制了高胆固醇细胞模型。右归丸大、中、小剂量组THP-1源性泡沫细胞内TC、FC、CE、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、NF-κB p65、SREBP1c、ABCA1mRNA含量以及NF-κBp65、SREBP1c、ABCA1mRNA蛋白表达水平与正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P<0.01）。结论：右归丸可能是通过抑制NF-κB p65和SREBP1c基因表达而调节血脂,同时通过抑制炎症因子的释放来预防动脉粥样硬化,为临床预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化提供了新的靶点。     

解毒扶正方对肺癌分子靶向治疗获得性耐药模型小鼠的干预作用探讨

目的：观察解毒扶正方对分子靶向药物获得性耐药非小细胞肺癌小鼠模型的干预作用。方法：选取BALB/C nu/nu小鼠40只,皮下接种人非小细胞肺癌细胞株PC9/GR成瘤构建皮下移植瘤,随机分为5组,即空白对照组、低剂量+阳性组、高剂量+阳性组、高剂量组、阳性对照组,每组各8只。所有动物经口灌胃给药,灌胃剂量：中药（解毒扶正方）低剂量为52 g生药/kg体质量,中药高剂量为104 g生药/kg体质量,阳性药物（吉非替尼）为51.38 mg/kg体质量,空白对照组给予纯化水灌胃,每天1次,连续15 d。观察各组的瘤体体积、肿瘤生长抑制率,观察瘤体组织,计算肿瘤细胞增殖指数,免疫组化法检测蛋白激酶B（AKT）、磷酸化蛋白激酶B（p-AKT）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（p-ERK）及核因子E₂相关因子2（Nrf2）表达水平,计算p-ERK/ERK、p-AKT/AKT值。结果：瘤体体积、肿瘤生长抑制率高剂量组、高剂量+阳性组与空白对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;低剂量+阳性组、高剂量+阳性组、高剂量组肿瘤细胞增殖指数以及肿瘤组织p-ERK/ERK与空白对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：解毒扶正方可缩小分子靶向药物获得性耐药非小细胞肺癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型体积,抑制皮下移植瘤生长,降低肿瘤细胞增殖指数,降低p-ERK/ERK比值,升高Nrf2蛋白表达。     

补肾活血方对精索静脉曲张大鼠生精功能的影响

目的：基于细胞周期调控因子细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclin D1）、细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶4（cdk4）的表达探讨补肾活血方改善精索静脉曲张大鼠生精功能的机制。方法：将30只大鼠随机均分为假手术组,模型组,补肾活血方低、中、高剂量组,每组各6只。建立左侧精索静脉曲张模型,造模成功后补肾活血方低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃补肾活血方药液6、12、24 g/kg·d^-1,其余2组灌胃10 ml/kg·d^-1的0.9%氯化钠注射液,灌胃30 d。检测精子浓度、活力、畸形率及DNA碎片率,HE染色观察睾丸组织形态,免疫组化分析睾丸cyclin D1、cdk4表达。结果：在大鼠浓度、精子活力、精子畸形率、精子DNA碎片率、睾丸病理评分及cyclin D1、cdk4表达方面模型组与假手术组比较,补肾活血方低、中、高剂量组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;补肾活血方低、中、高剂量组精子浓度、活力、畸形率、DNA碎片率组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：补肾活血方可能通过调控cyclin D1、cdk4表达来改善精索静脉曲张大鼠的精子发生。     

补阳还五汤对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经干细胞移植后凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的：探讨补阳还五汤对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经干细胞移植后凋亡相关基因Bag-1、Bcl-2表达的影响。方法：选取SD大鼠,复制局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,按神经功能缺损评分进行分层,随机分为模型组、空白移植组、移植组、补阳传统饮片组、补阳超微饮片组,每组15只,分别于细胞移植后7、14、28d观察神经功能评分,采用补阳还五汤超微饮片与传统饮片予以干预,于相应时间点处死大鼠后采用免疫组化法检测凋亡基因Bag-1、Bcl-2的表达。结果：补阳传统饮片组、补阳超微饮片组大鼠神经功能得到明显恢复,Bag-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达上升显著,在各时间点（7、14、28d）与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）;补阳超微饮片组促神经功能积分的恢复及上调Bcl-2、Bag-1蛋白表达作用优于补阳传统饮片组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。结论：补阳还五汤可促进神经功能的恢复,上调Bag-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达,且超微饮片的作用较传统饮片更加显著。     

健脾消癌方对结肠癌HCT116/5-Fu耐药细胞增殖、凋亡、周期的影响研究

目的：研究健脾消癌方对HCT116/5-Fu耐药细胞增殖、凋亡、周期的影响。方法：采用5-Fu浓度递增间断刺激法诱导建立HCT116/5-Fu细胞,制备健脾消癌方含药血清,设立10%、15%、20%含药血清组,设立相同浓度无药血清对照组及10%胎牛血清组。采用CellTiter GLO法检测细胞增殖能力并计算细胞抑制率,采用PI-FACS法检测细胞周期变化,采用Annexin V-APC单染法检测细胞凋亡水平。结果：与对照组相比,不同浓度含药血清组对HCT116/5-Fu细胞增殖均有抑制作用,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,且随含药血清浓度的升高而抑制作用增强;与对照组相比,不同浓度含药血清组HCT116/5-Fu细胞凋亡率均明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,且随含药血清浓度升高细胞凋亡率提高幅度增大;与对照组相比,不同浓度含药血清组均可将细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：健脾消癌方可抑制HCT116/5-Fu细胞的增殖,促进HCT116/5-Fu细胞的凋亡,阻滞其细胞周期进程,且其作用随浓度的升高而明显增强,具有改善结直肠癌耐药的作用。     

咳喘宁对RSV诱发哮喘豚鼠GSK-3β和β-catenin信号通路表达的影响

目的：探讨咳喘宁防治呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）诱发支气管哮喘的作用机制。方法：将60只2月龄豚鼠（雌雄各半）随机分为空白对照组,咳喘宁低、中、高剂量组,西药组,每组各10只（雌雄各半）。用RSV悬液滴鼻吸入后,卵清蛋白雾化豚鼠诱发哮喘模型,以地塞米松联合利巴韦林为阳性对照药,观察咳喘宁低、中、高剂量干预后糖原合成酶激酶3β（GSK-3β）、β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）的蛋白表达情况。结果：在RSV诱发的哮喘豚鼠肺组织中,与空白对照组比较,模型组肺组织中GSK-3β表达明显减少,β-catenin蛋白表达明显增加,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,咳喘宁低、中、高剂量组及西药组豚鼠肺组织中GSK-3β表达增加,β-catenin表达减少,差异具有统计学意义（P＜P＜0.05）;西药组与咳喘宁低、中、高剂量组各项指标比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：咳喘宁对RSV诱导的哮喘豚鼠具有抑制作用,其机制可能与WNT/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

棘头梅童鱼的细胞遗传学特征和X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y性染色体系统

我们通过荧光染色、自身基因组原位杂交（Self-GISH）和多色荧光原位杂交（FISH）,首次研究了棘头梅童鱼（Richardson,1844）的核型特征。雌性核型有24对端部着丝粒染色体（2n=48a,NF=48）,而雄性核型包含22对端部着丝粒染色体,2条端部着丝粒染色体单体和1条中间着丝粒染色体（2n=1m+46a,NF=48）。雌性和雄性核型之间的差异表明,棘头梅童鱼的性染色体系统为X₁X₁X₂X₂/X₁X₂Y型,其中Y为雄性中特有的中间着丝粒染色体。三色FISH结果显示,5S rDNA和18S rDNA位点定位在最大的端着丝粒染色体（X₁）以及Y染色体的短臂;X₁染色体上有一个特异的臂间端粒信号（ITS）,与5S rDNA位点部分重叠。Self-GISH结果显示,在推定的性染色体DNA重复序列聚集。根据实验结果我们提出关于棘头梅童鱼Y染色体起源的假说：Y染色体起源于祖先核型（2n=48a）中的两条端部着丝染色体融合,并且在此过程中伴随着片段缺失。本研究首次在石首鱼科中描述了异形的性染色体,将为其他石首鱼的性染色体研究提供线索。     

HY1C/1D海表温度对Terra/Aqua产品的可替代性分析

通过卫星遥感获取的海表温度（SST）产品已经成为海洋和大气研究中的重要数据源,我国海洋水色遥感卫星（HY1C和HY1D）的海洋水色水温扫描仪（COCTS）具有两个热红外通道,可反演全球SST遥感产品。对比Terra和Aqua卫星的中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的SST产品,分析COCTS海表温度产品对MODIS相应产品的可替代性。比较了两种卫星的全球SST单日和月平均融合产品的图像空间结构,分析了匹配像元SST值的离散度,统计了HY1C/1D的误差结果,讨论了HY1C与HY1D产品的一致性、不同质量控制方案对SST产品影响以及遥感产品质量对昼夜SST变化研究影响等问题。结果表明,以2020年6月SST(Terra)为真值,HY1C白天SST的单日全球遥感产品的平均偏差、绝对偏差、均方根误差和相关系数分别为0.04℃、0.60℃、0.78℃和0.98,夜晚SST的单日全球遥感产品的平均偏差、绝对偏差、均方根误差和相关系数分别为-0.16℃、0.78℃、0.95℃和0.86。以2020年6月SST(Aqua)为真值,HY1D白天SST的单日全球遥感产品的平均偏差、绝对偏差、均方根误差和相...     

Absolute Calibration of Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeters in Corsica Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation

The double geodetic Corsica site, which includes Ajaccio-Aspretto and Cape Senetosa (40 km south Ajaccio) in the western Mediterranean area, has been chosen to permit the absolute calibration of radar altimeters. It has been developed since 1998 at Cape Senetosa and, in addition to the use of classical tide gauges, a GPS buoy is deployed every 10 days under the satellites ground track (10 km off shore) since 2000. The 2002 absolute calibration campaign made from January to September in Corsica revealed the necessity of deploying different geodetic techniques on a dedicated site to reach an accuracy level of a few mm: in particular, the French Transportable Laser Ranging System (FTLRS) for accurate orbit determination, and various geodetic equipment as well as a local marine geoid, for monitoring the local sea level and mean sea level. TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter calibration has been performed from cycle 208 to 365 using M-GDR products, whereas Jason-1 altimeter calibration used cycles from 1 to 45 using I-GDR products. For Jason-1, improved estimates of sea-state bias and columnar atmospheric wet path delay as well as the most precise orbits available have been used. The goal of this article is to give synthetic results of the analysis of the different error sources for the tandem phase and for the whole studied period, as geophysical corrections, orbits and reference frame, sea level, and finally altimeter biases. Results are at the millimeter level when considering one year of continuous monitoring; they show a great consistency between both satellites with biases of 6 ± 3 mm (ALT-B) and 120 ± 7 mm, respectively, for TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1.     

The Jason-1 Mission Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation

On December 7, 2001, the Jason-1 satellite was successfully launched by a Boeing Delta II rocket from the Vandenberg site in California, USA. Its main mission was to maintain the high accuracy altimeter measurements, provided since 1992 by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), ensuring continuity in observing and monitoring the ocean for intraseasonal to interannual changes, mean sea level, tides, and so forth. Despite four times less mass and power, the Jason-1 system has been designed to have the same performances as T/P, measuring sea surface topography at the centimeter level. This new Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (CNES/NASA) mission also provides near real-time data for sea state and ocean forecast. The first 10 months of the Jason mission were dedicated to the verification of the system performance and cross-calibration with T/P measurements. A complete CALVAL plan was conducted by the Science and Project Teams of the mission based on in situ and regional experiments, global statistical approaches, and multisatellite comparisons, taking advantage of the T/P-Jason overlap during the first months of the mission. CALVAL and first science results showed that the Jason-1 performances were compliant with prelaunch specifications. This was a needed preamble before starting the routine phase of the mission in July 2003 with generation and distribution of validated geophysical data records to the whole user community.     

Accuracy Assessment of Jason-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON Along-Track Sea Surface Slope Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation

Sea surface slope computed from along-track Jason-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter data at ocean mesoscale wavelengths are compared to determine the equivalent 1 Hz instrument height noise of the Poseidon-2 and TOPEX altimeters. This geophysical evaluation shows that the Ku-band 1-Hz range noise for both instruments is better than 1.7 cm at 2 m significant wave heights (H_1/3), exceeding error budget requirements for both missions. Furthermore, we show that the quality of these instruments allows optimal filtering of the 1-Hz along-track sea surface height data for sea surface slopes that can be used to calculate cross track geostrophic velocity anomalies at the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation to better than 5 cm/sec precision along 87.5% of the satellite ground track between 2 and 60 degrees absolute latitude over the deep abyssal ocean (depths greater than 1000 m). This level of precision will facilitate scientific studies of surface geostrophic velocity variability using data from the Jason-1 and T/P Tandem Mission.     

微泡菌QZHA1褐藻胶裂解酶MAAL1的酶学性质研究

为探究Microbulbifer sp. QZHA1褐藻胶裂解(Escherichia coli)酶MAAL1的酶学性质,将褐藻胶裂解酶基因maal1构建至pET-28a表达载体并利用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行异源表达。研究发现：重组酶MAAL1与来源于Microbulbifer sp. ALW1菌株的褐藻胶裂解酶(WP＿23625014.1)同源性最高,为93.69%,且与PL7家族蛋白聚为一支;重组酶MAAL1最适温度为35℃,最适pH为7.5,在pH为5.5～10.5范围内保存24 h仍能保持60%以上的酶活力;MAAL1具备良好的耐有机溶剂特性,在测试的9种有机溶剂中,除异丙醇外,其他有机溶剂在添加量达到30%(体积分数)后,酶活力依然保持在59%以上;重组酶MAAL1最适条件下酶活力为4.3 U/mg,米氏常数(K_m)值为1.08 mg/mL,最大反应速率(V_max)为4.75 mg/(mL·min),催化常数(K_cat)值为4.52 s^-1;重组酶MAAL1对聚β-D-甘露糖醛酸(p...     

牙鲆Lhx1基因的克隆和表达分析

Lhx1基因对于哺乳动物卵巢缪勒氏管的形成具有重要作用, 但鱼类中的报道仅限于其在体轴和肾脏形成中的作用, 尚未见到其与性别及性腺发育相关的报道。本研究克隆获得了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)Lhx1a和Lhx1b开放阅读框(ORF)序列, 长度分别为1224 bp 和1206 bp (GenBank 注册号为:JX999940、JX999941), 同源序列比较显示牙鲆Lhx1a和Lhx1b基因均具有两个LIM 及一个HOX 结构域, 符合Lhx1进化保守性。这两个基因在牙鲆雌、雄成鱼各组织RT-PCR 差异表达谱不尽相同, Lhx1a在精巢中弱表达, 卵巢中不表达, 在其他组织中雌、雄表达谱差异不大, 都只在脑和眼组织有弱表达;而Lhx1b的表达在性腺中相对较高, 且卵巢的表达量高于精巢。进一步检测牙鲆Lhx1a和Lhx1b在雌、雄性腺发育各期的表达谱, 发现这两个基因表达集中于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期性腺, Lhx1a在精巢中弱表达, Lhx1b卵巢中的表达明显高于精巢, 而在Ⅰ、ⅡII、Ⅴ期性腺几乎均不表达。由此推断牙鲆Lhx1a 和Lhx1b均为性别相关基因, 但在两性性腺发育中的作用可能各有不同。     

Density functional study of AunCu (n=1-7) clusters

The possible stable geometrical configurations and the relative stabilities of the lowest-lying isomers of copper-doped gold clusters, Au_nCu (n=1-7), are investigated using the density functional theory. Several low-lying isomers are determined. The results indicate that the ground-state Au_nCu clusters have planar structures for n = 1-7. The stability trend of the Au_nCu clusters (n=1-7), shows that odd-numbered Au_nCu clusters are more stable than the neighbouring even-numbered ones, thereby indicating the Au₅Cu clusters are magic cluster with high chemical stability.     

HY-1卫星水色扫描仪的辐射定标与真实性检验

主要阐述HY－1卫星10波段水色扫描仪辐射定标与真实性检验的基本原理和关键参数的测量方法，简要介绍已开展的工作，并对2类水体测量方法提出几点建议。     

Jason-1: Assessment of the System Performances Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation

On 7 December 2001, Jason-1 was successfully launched by a Boeing Delta II rocket from the Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The Jason-1 satellite will maintain the high accuracy altimeter service provided since 1992 by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), ensuring the continuity in observing and monitoring the Ocean Dynamics (intraseasonal to interannual changes, mean sea level, tides, etc.). Despite one-fourth the mass and power, the Jason-1 system has been designed to have basically the same performance as T/P, measuring sea surface topography at a centimetric level. This new CNES/NASA mission also provides near real-time data for sea state and ocean forecast. The first two months of the Jason-1 mission have been dedicated to the assessment of the overall system. The goals of this assessment phase were: 1. To assess the behavior of the spacecraft at the platform and payload levels (Jason-1 being the first program to call on the PROTEUS versatile multimission platform for Low and Medium Earth Orbit Missions developed in partnership between Alcatel Space and CNES); 2. To verify that platform performance requirements are met with respect to Jason-1 requirements; 3. To verify that payload instruments performance requirements evaluated at instrument level are met; 4. To assess the performance of the Jason-1 Ground System. This article will display the main outputs of the assessment of the system. It will demonstrate that all the elements of the onboard and ground systems are within the specifications. Provision of data to the Jason-1 Science Working Team started at the end of March 2002. This is the goal of a six-month phase after closure of the initial assessment phase to derive the error budget of the system in terms of altimetry user products.