60{sup>Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材质量的影响

目的：研究^{60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材质量的影响。方法：采用3个不同60Co-γ辐照剂量（4 kGy、6 kGy、8 kGy）对三七药材进行灭菌处理,通过检测辐照前后三七中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1含量,辐照前后三七指纹图谱比较、薄层鉴别等,考察不同剂量60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材质量的影响。结果：不同剂量60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材外观、含量、指纹图谱、薄层鉴别影响的差异均无统计学意义。结论：初步表明三七药材灭菌方式可选择60Co-γ辐照进行灭菌。}     

不同灭菌方法对天麻首乌片生药粉的灭菌效果及有效成分含量的影响

目的：考察不同灭菌方法用于天麻首乌片原生药粉的灭菌效果及灭菌对目标成分天麻素、阿魏酸及二苯乙烯苷含量的影响。方法：分别采用湿热、微波、75%乙醇流通蒸汽、⁶⁰Co辐照4种灭菌方法对天麻首乌片中原生药粉进行灭菌处理,测定灭菌前后原生药粉的微生物限度;采用高效液相色谱法测定灭菌前后天麻素、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷的含量。结果：微生物限度检测结果显示,上述4种灭菌方法的灭菌率依次分别为99.21%、95.24%、77.78%、99.21%;目标成分检测结果表明,⁶⁰Co辐照灭菌对天麻素、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷含量影响最小,其次是75%乙醇流通蒸汽灭菌,而微波和湿热2种灭菌方法对天麻素、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷含量的影响最大。结论：综合灭菌效果及对有效成分的影响,天麻首乌片原生药粉灭菌方法建议选用⁶⁰Co辐照灭菌。     

基于ATR-FTIR结合化学计量学快速鉴别玉竹和黄精的实验研究

目的：采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法（ATR-FTIR）和化学计量学对同科同属易混淆药材玉竹和黄精进行鉴别。方法：采用ATR-FTIR获取样本的一级和二级红外指纹图谱,采用PLS-DA构建最佳图谱模型,并采用PCA、HCA等化学计量学对模型图谱基本特征进行分析。结果：玉竹和黄精红外图谱主要由蛋白质、脂类和糖类等吸收带组成,两者光谱相似,但在1200～700cm^-1处存在较小差异;在此范围对原图谱进行主成分分析发现,前3个主成分（集中在970cm^-1、990cm^-1和715cm^-1附近））对玉竹和黄精鉴别的正确率可达96.56%;在此范围对原图谱进行簇类分析发现,玉竹和黄精种内样本均具有一定地域特征性,但不影响整体鉴别效果。结论：采用ATR-FTIR并结合化学计量学可以快速准确鉴别玉竹和黄精,可为同属种植物鉴别提供理论依据。     

鲤疱疹病毒2型(CyHV-2)灭活疫苗制备及其免疫效力测定

鲫造血器官坏死病是由鲤疱疹病毒2型(CyHV-2)引起的危害我国养殖鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)最严重的病毒性疾病。为制备有效预防鲫造血器官坏死病的灭活疫苗,以CyHV-2代表流行株CNDF-TB2015为疫苗株,以CSC细胞系进行病毒增殖,并采用不同浓度的病毒对不同规格鲫鱼进行攻毒,建立攻毒模型。结果表明,培养的病毒滴度达10¹⁰ TCID₅₀/mL,以4×10⁷TCID₅₀/尾的剂量腹腔注射感染体重300 g的鲫鱼可造成100%的死亡率。对病毒灭活剂甲醛、β-丙内酯和BEI灭活条件进行筛选优化,对疫苗免疫佐剂763A、IMS1312、铝胶和M402进行筛选,结果表明,浓度为10^8.3 TCID₅₀/mL的病毒液最佳灭活条件为终浓度10 mmol/L的BEI 37 ℃灭活72 h,疫苗制备最佳佐剂为水佐剂IMS1312。对灭活疫苗的最小免疫剂量、最佳免疫剂量和有效免疫产生期进行测定,结果表明,要获得70%以上保护率的最小免疫剂量为8×10⁶ TCID₅₀/尾,最佳免疫剂量为4×10⁷ TCID₅₀/尾,在免疫4周后保护率可达80%, 5周后保护率达到100%。制备的灭活疫苗为鲫造血器官坏死病的免疫预防提供了有力手段,也为其他水产动物病毒灭活疫苗的制备提供了借鉴。     

五虎汤联合布地奈德混悬液治疗痰热壅肺型喘息性支气管炎59 例

目的:观察五虎汤联合布地奈德混悬液治疗痰热壅肺型喘息性支气管炎的临床疗效。方法：将116 例痰热壅肺型喘息性支气管炎患儿随机分为治疗组（59例）和对照组（57例）。对照组采用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加服五虎汤治疗。治疗7 d后,比较2组临床症状或体征（发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、气喘、湿啰音）消失时长、T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺）水平、炎症因子［白细胞介素-5（IL-5）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）］水平及不良反应发生情况。结果：总有效率治疗组为93.22%（55/59）,对照组为77.19%（44/57）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组临床症状或体征消失时长均短于对照组（P<0.01）。2组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、IL-5、IL-6 水平均较治疗前降低,CD8⁺、血清IL-10、IFN-γ水平均较治疗前升高,且治疗组改善幅度较对照组更大（P<0.01）。不良反应发生率治疗组为8.47%（5/59）,对照组为17.54%（10/57）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：五虎汤联合布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗痰热壅肺型喘息性支气管炎,不仅能够在短时间内改善症状及体征,降低肺部炎症反应,提高患儿机体免疫功能,而且安全有效,值得临床推广。     

2012年南海西北陆架冬季水文特征的观测分析

本文基于2012年12月南海西北部陆架海区的温盐和流速实测资料,分析了粤西和琼东陆架海区冬季三维温、盐结构和流场特征,给出沿陆架和跨陆架方向的水体和热盐通量。结果表明：（1）在50m以浅,粤西和琼东海区温度均由近岸向外海递增,深层则相反;冬季近岸海区混合层较深,外海密度跃层位于60—120m深度且层结较强,浮力频率大于10^–2/s;（2）海流大致沿等深线向西南流动,30m以深流速大小在0.03—0.40m/s之间,且随着深度增加而略有减小;琼东海区100m等深线附近在60m以浅水层观测到水体辐聚并有明显温度锋面存在;（3）沿陆架方向的水体和热盐输送均大于跨陆架方向,其中粤西单位面积沿/跨陆架水体通量平均值为0.13×10^–6/0.03×10^–6Sv/m²,低于琼东海区的0.91×10^–6/0.56×10^–6Sv/m²。     

基于LC-MS/MS成分分析结合高效液相色谱法评价泻白散基准样品质量

目的：建立泻白散基准样品特征图谱方法,以LC-MS/MS指认各特征峰并对其进行归属,建立基准样品各组成药味质控指标的含量测定方法综合评价其质量。方法：以色谱柱Hypersil ODS²(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)、乙腈-0.1%磷酸/甲酸梯度洗脱、检测波长280nm、流速1.0 ml/min、柱温25℃、进样量10μl进行指纹图谱研究,以同一色谱条件使用LC-MS/MS联用进行峰归属并进行化学成分分析,以指认的各药味专属性峰建立基准样品质控指标含量测定方法。结果：泻白散基准样品特征图谱重复性良好,供试品溶液48 h内稳定,多批次检测显示泻白散指纹图谱共有峰14个,相似度均＞0.9;峰归属确认其中5个归属于炒桑白皮,5个归属于炙甘草,3个归属于地骨皮;并通过LC-MS/MS指认出其中11个色谱峰;选取桑皮苷A、甘草酸、枸杞素B分别建立含量测定方法,结果显示方法均具有专属性,重复性良好,加样回收率分别为94.9%、93.5%、95.2%。结论：该指纹图谱方法经验证可行,可有效鉴别泻白散三味饮片;结合LC-MS/MS成分分析可有效选取基准样品各药味的质控成分;建立的检测桑皮苷A、甘草酸、枸杞素B含量测定方法经方法学考察确认可行。     

黄海北部海域沉积物反硝化细菌数量及反硝化速率的季节变化

用乙炔抑制法和最大或然数(most probable number, MPN)法对黄海北部海域沉积物反硝化速率及反硝化细菌数量的季节变化进行了研究, 结果表明, 该海域反硝化速率在夏季最大, 范围在3.2～7.5μmol/(m²·h)之间, 平均值为4.85μmol/(m²·h); 而在春、秋季其范围分别为0.26～2.65μmol/(m²·h)和1.21～4.12μmol/(m²·h)。该研究海域3 个季节反硝化细菌数量差别较大, 春、夏、秋季分别在1.78×10⁴～8.12×10⁴, 1.18×10⁶～6.18×10⁶ 和0.72×10⁵～4.50×10⁵ 个/g 之间。春、秋两季反硝化速率和反硝化细菌数量之间呈显著性正相关, 相关系数分别为0.759 和0.750(P<0.05)。本结果可为黄海北部海域氮循环机制研究提供重要参考。     

Cr4+ :Ca2 GeO4激光晶体生长及结构表征

采用助熔剂法,以CaCl₂为助熔剂,生长Cr⁴⁺ :Ca₂GeO₄新型近红外可调谐激光晶体.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、激光Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对晶体进行结构表征.结果表明,得到的晶体为单斜晶系镁橄榄石结构的低温γ-Cr⁴⁺ :Ca₂GeO₄单晶,晶格参数为a=5.3209 (1 =0.1 nm)     

Incorporation rate measurements of <Superscript>10</Superscript>Be, <Superscript>230</Superscript>Th, <Superscript>231</Superscript>Pa,and <Superscript>239,240</Superscript>Pu radionuclides in manganese crust in the Pacific Ocean: A search for extraterrestrial material

In order to estimate the deposition rate of extraterrestrial material onto a manganese crust in a search for supernova debris, we analyzed the contents of ¹⁰Be, ²³⁰Th, ²³¹Pa, and ^239,240Pu in a sample of manganese crust collected from the North Pacific Ocean. On the basis of the depth profile of ¹⁰Be, the growth rate of the manganese crust was determined to be 2.3 mm Myr⁻¹. The uptake rates of ¹⁰Be, ²³⁰Th, and ²³¹Pa onto the manganese crust were estimated to be 0.22–0.44%, 0.11–0.73%, and 1.4–4.5%, respectively, as compared to the deposition rates onto the deep-sea sediments near the sampling station, while that for ^239,240Pu was 0.14% as compared to the total inventory of seawater and sediment column. Assuming that sinking particles represent 0.11–4.5% of the uptake rates, the deposition rate of extraterrestrial material onto the manganese crust was estimated to be 2–800 μg cm⁻²Myr⁻¹ according to the uptake of ¹⁰Be onto the manganese crust. Further, our estimate is similar to the value of 9–90 μg cm^{− 2}Myr⁻¹ obtained using the integrated global production rate of ¹⁰Be and the deposition rate of ¹⁰Be onto the manganese crust.     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.