基于能力谱法的SSI体系抗震pushover分析方法

本文首先经过2次等效将土与结构相互作用的多自由度体系等效为单自由度体系,并给出了修正反应谱和等价能力谱的确定方法,进而提出了基于能力谱法考虑土与结构动力相互作用(SSI)效应的结构体系pushover分析方法(SSIPA);然后对3种不同高度考虑SSI效应的结构体系在5条地震动作用下采用本文提出的方法进行了算例分析,将结果与非线性时程分析的结果进行了比较,研究了本方法的适用性和准确性;最后,与建筑抗震设计规范的设计反应谱相结合,对9层考虑SSI效应的钢结构用本文提出的方法进行了弹塑性地震反应分析,根据我国抗震设计规范的规定进行抗震性能的评估验证了本方法的可行性。     

基于改进能力谱方法的位移反应估计

本文阐述了Pushover分析中改进能力谱方法的概念和实施步骤；对不同场地条件下四个中、低层框架结构采用改进能力谱方法估计的目标位移和非线性时程反应分析结果进行了比较，分析，并提供了不同场地条件下两种方法的相对误差，为该方法的实际应用提供了一些参考依据。     

基于MPA方法的结构滞回耗能计算

在能量反应分析中,滞回耗能是最具明确工程意义的而又便于工程应用的能量指标,可用以衡量结构的塑性累积损伤。然而,以往研究中,在计算多自由度体系的滞回耗能时,通常采用时程分析法,计算比较烦杂,不利于工程实际的应用。因此,本文提出了一种采用模态pushover分析（MPA）计算多层结构滞回耗能的简便方法,并通过两个高层结构算例,验证了该方法的精度。结果表明：基于模态pushover分析的结构滞回耗能计算方法精度良好,结果可靠;对于框架结构,可以直接采用第一阶模态（倒三角）加载模式对结构进行pushover分析计算,对于高层框架剪力墙结构,必须组合高阶模态的滞回耗能计算结果。     

Envelope‐based pushover analysis procedure for the approximate seismic response analysis of buildings

An envelope‐based pushover analysis procedure is presented that assumes that the seismic demand for each response parameter is controlled by a predominant system failure mode that may vary according to the ground motion. To be able to simulate the most important system failure modes, several pushover analyses need to be performed, as in a modal pushover analysis procedure, whereas the total seismic demand is determined by enveloping the results associated with each pushover analysis. The demand for the most common system failure mode resulting from the ‘first‐mode’ pushover analysis is obtained by response history analysis for the equivalent ‘modal‐based’ SDOF model, whereas demand for other failure modes is based on the ‘failure‐based’ SDOF models. This makes the envelope‐based pushover analysis procedure equivalent to the N2 method provided that it involves only ‘first‐mode’ pushover analysis and response history analysis of the corresponding ‘modal‐based’ SDOF model. It is shown that the accuracy of the approximate 16th, 50th and 84th percentile response expressed in terms of IDA curves does not decrease with the height of the building or with the intensity of ground motion. This is because the estimates of the roof displacement and the maximum storey drift due to individual ground motions were predicted with a sufficient degree of accuracy for almost all the ground motions from the analysed sets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

交错桁架多层钢结构推倒分析方法研究

随着基于性能的抗震设计思想的发展,推倒分析开始成为罕遇地震下多、高层结构抗震设计的有力工具。本文以交错桁架多层钢结构为例,采用推倒分析对其在E l Centro波作用下的地震反应进行研究,分别采用位移系数法和能力谱法确定结构目标位移,同时进行结构在相同地震动下的弹塑性时程分析。研究表明,推倒分析能准确地评价交错桁架多层钢结构的抗震性能,采用位移系数法和能力谱法确定的结构顶点侧移均与弹塑性时程分析吻合较好,对层间位移及塑性铰分布的预测,能力谱法比位移系数法更为准确。     

考虑高振型影响的结构层间位移能力谱分析方法

工程界普遍采用的能力谱分析方法是建立在结构单自由度简化假设基础上，利用结构基本振型来进行能力分析。虽然此简化假设可以为工程界提供一种简便的分析方法，但从其分析效果来看，简化方法并不能很好地反映结构真实地震反应。高振型对结构局部变形的影响在分析结构动力反应特性中是很重要的因素，不应忽略掉。基于上述对现有能力谱分析方法不足之处的考虑，从提高结构能力谱分析方法的准确性出发，本文在Chopra能力谱分析方法的基础之上，根据我国振型分解反应谱思想，在能力谱分析方法中引入了结构高振型的影响分析，并提出了考虑结构高振型影响的结构层间位移能力谱分析方法的一般步骤。通过平面框架结构体系的算例分析，说明上述推荐方法在改进能力谱分析精度上的有效性。     

能力谱方法在梁桥抗震性能评估中的比较研究

本文在阐述了能力谱方法的基本原理和实施步骤的基础上,比较了五种不同的改进能力谱方法在计算原理和实施步骤上的差异,并对它们的特点进行了剖析。然后,用这五种能力谱方法分别对9个中短周期的梁桥纵桥向的简化模型进行6条地震波下目标位移的估计,并以非线性时程分析结果为标准,比较了这五种方法的计算精度。结果显示,前三个短周期体系方法的误差离散性比较大,周期大于0．65s后的误差基本稳定在±30％以内,使用非弹性反应谱的方法计算结果误差在±30％以内的个数多于对应使用弹性反应谱的方法,此外,精度较好的两条波,对应反应谱加速度峰值较小,且附近加速度变化较平缓。     

钢筋混凝土结构基于改进能力谱法的地震损伤性能设计

本文基于国内外非线性静力分析方法,阐述了最近由Ｃｈｏｐｒａ和Ｇｏｅｌ提供的改进能力谱法的基本概念和实施步骤;其次,结合文献「１８」中提出的钢筋沸凝土结构地震损伤“三水准”性能目标和改进能力谱法,提出了基于能力谱法的结构地震损伤性能简化设计及验算方法;最后,通过设计例题说明了本文方法的可行性,并将计算结果与时程分析进行了比较,显示了此法的有效性。     

Seismic analysis of coupled soil-pile-structure systems leading to the definition of a pseudo-natural SSI frequency

The elastodynamic response of coupled soil-pile-structure systems to seismic loading is studied using rigorous three-dimentional (3D) finite element models. The system under investigation comprises of a single pile supporting a single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure founded on a homogeneous viscoelastic soil layer over rigid rock. Parametric analyses are carried out in the frequency domain, focusing on the dynamic characteristics of the structure, as affected by typical foundation properties such as pile slenderness and soil-pile relative stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate the strong influence on effective natural SSI period of the foundation properties and the crucial importance of cross swaying-rocking stiffness of the pile. Furthermore, the notion of a pseudo-natural SSI frequency is introduced, as the frequency where pile-head motion is minimized with respect to free field surface motion. Dynamic pile bending is examined and the relative contributions of kinematic and inertial interaction, as affected by the frequency content of input motion, are elucidated.     

Performance spectra based method for the seismic design of structures equipped with passive supplemental damping systems

A new direct performance‐based design method utilizing design tools called performance‐spectra (P‐Spectra) for low‐rise to medium‐rise frame structures incorporating supplemental damping devices is presented. P‐Spectra are graphic tools that relate the responses of nonlinear SDOF systems with supplemental dampers to various damping parameters and dynamic system properties that structural designers can control. These tools integrate multiple response quantities that are important to the performance of a structure into a single compact graphical format to facilitate direct comparison of different potential solutions that satisfy a set of predetermined performance objectives under various levels of seismic hazard. An SDOF to MDOF transformation procedure that defines the required supplemental damping properties for the MDOF structure to achieve the response defined by the target SDOF system is also presented for hysteretic, linear viscous and viscoelastic damping devices. Using nonlinear time‐history analyses of idealized shear structures, the accuracy of the transformation procedure is verified. A seismic performance upgrade design example is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method for achieving design performance goals using supplemental damping devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved capacity spectrum method for ATC‐40

In order to account for the non‐linear behavior of structures via non‐linear static procedure, the capacity spectrum method has been adopted by ATC‐40 for evaluation and retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings. For elastic‐perfectly‐plastic SDOF systems, the accuracy of the capacity spectrum method depends only on the acceleration response spectrum chosen to form the demand spectrum and the adopted model for calculating the equivalent viscous damping ratios. According to this method, the pseudo‐acceleration response spectrum (PS_a) is used to create the demand diagram. It is found that the ATC‐40 procedure, using its Type A hysteretic model, may be inaccurate especially for systems with damping ratios greater than 10% and periods longer than 0.15sec. In order to improve the accuracy of the capacity spectrum method, this study proposes to use the real absolute acceleration response spectrum (S0._a) instead of the PS_a to establish the demand diagram. The step‐by‐step procedure of the improved method and examples are implemented in this paper to illustrate the calculations of earthquake‐induced deformations. In addition, three selected models of equivalent viscous damping are also compared in this paper to assess the accuracy of the model used in the ATC‐40 procedure. Results show that the WJE damping model may be used by the capacity spectrum method to reasonably predict the inelastic displacements when the ductility demand (μ) of the structures is less than 4, whereas the damping model proposed by Kowalsky can be implemented when μ>4.0. Alternatively, the damping model proposed by Kowalsky may be used to calculate the equivalent viscous damping for the entire range of ductility. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大跨预应力混凝土框架结构的静力弹塑性(pushover)分析

基于美国规范ATC-40和N2方法,建立了大跨预应力混凝土框架结构竖向地震反应的静力弹塑性(pushover)分析方法。编制了预应力混凝土构件截面弯矩-曲率的计算程序。这些为评价大跨预应力混凝土框架结构的竖向抗震能力提供了有益的参考。结合具体工程实例进一步说明了该方法的实施步骤。     

基于改进点估计法的结构整体概率抗震能力分析

确定能力中位值和能力离差值是结构整体概率抗震能力分析的两个关键问题,文中分析了现有方法存在的缺点。在Zhao-Ono点估计法的基础上,引入基于随机向量边缘概率分布信息的Nataf变换,提出了改进的点估计法。将改进点估计法与Pushover分析相结合,提出了评估结构整体概率抗震能力统计矩的随机Pushover分析方法。以某五层三跨钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,应用本方法,进行结构整体概率抗震能力分析,得到了结构整体抗震能力的易损性曲线。分析表明,所提方法是一种具有较高效率和较好精度的结构整体概率抗震能力的分析方法。     

考虑地基不均匀性核反应堆地震响应分析

核电站结构地震响应主要取决于地震动特性、地基土特性以及结构特性.本文以某核电站反应堆厂房结构为对象,研究了考虑土-结构相互作用的不均匀地基土对核反应堆地震响应的影响,包括核反应堆和地基的最大加速度、楼层最大相对位移以及楼层多阻尼反应谱.结构地震响应分析使用SUPERFLUSH/2D软件,地基模型由ANSYS建模;核反应...     

基于抗震承载力和改进能力谱法的钢筋混凝土结构耐久性设计

钢筋混凝土结构是一种广泛使用的结构形式,其耐久性设计是一个十分迫切需要解决的问题。在一般大气环境下,混凝土碳化和钢筋锈蚀是钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的重要影响因素,在其作用下结构的抗震承载力发生变化,因此可将结构抗震承载力因素引入结构的耐久性设计中。采用改进能力谱法,以罕遇地震下薄弱层的弹塑性层间位移作为结构承载力指标,研究了一般大气环境下钢筋锈蚀因素对钢筋混凝土结构抗震耐久性的影响,提出了基于抗震承载力和改进的能力谱法的钢筋混凝土结构耐久性设计方法。通过一个五层钢筋混凝土结构的算例说明了验算结构抗震性能耐久行的必要性。     

基于能力谱的概率-非概率结构体系抗震可靠度

本文用概率模型考虑结构体系抗力不确定性的主要影响因素,用凸集模型考虑地震作用的不确定性,采用能力谱方法,分别求得了结构抗力的概率分布参数及地震作用效应的区间范围,通过二级功能方程方法求得了结构体系抗震可靠度。算例给出了本文方法的计算结果,并与经典概率可靠度进行了对比,表明本文方法是一种简便、合理的结构体系抗震可靠性分析方法。     

A procedure for evaluating seismic energy demand of framed structures

Energy serves as an alternative index to response quantities like force or displacement to include the duration‐related seismic damage effect. A procedure to evaluate the absorbed energy in a multistorey frame from energy spectra was developed. For low‐ to medium‐rise frames, it required a static pushover analysis of the structure to determine the modal yield force and ductility factor of an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom system for the first two modes. The energy spectra were then used to determine the energy contribution of each mode. A procedure was also developed to distribute the energy along the frame height based on energy shapes. This study showed that the second‐mode response in some cases needs to be considered to reflect the energy (or damage) concentration in the upper floors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bivariate Gaussian mixture–based equivalent linearization method for stochastic seismic analysis of nonlinear structures

To address challenges in stochastic seismic analysis of nonlinear structures, this paper further develops a recently proposed Gaussian mixture–based equivalent linearization method (GM‐ELM). The GM‐ELM uses a Gaussian mixture distribution model to approximate the probabilistic distribution of a nonlinear system response. Using properties of the Gaussian mixture model, GM‐ELM can decompose the non‐Gaussian response of a nonlinear system into multiple Gaussian responses of linear single–degree of freedom oscillators. With the set of the equivalent linear systems identified by GM‐ELM, response statistics as crossing rate and first‐passage probability can be computed conveniently using theories of linear random vibration analysis. However, the original version of GM‐ELM may lead to an inaccurate estimate because of the heuristic parameters of the linear system introduced to supplement insufficient information. To overcome this limitation and define unique equivalent linear systems, this paper proposes a further developed version of GM‐ELM, which uses a mixture of bivariate Gaussian densities instead of univariate models. Moreover, to facilitate the use of elastic response spectra for estimating the mean peak responses of a nonlinear structure, a new response spectrum combination rule is proposed for GM‐ELM. Two numerical examples of hysteretic structural systems are presented in this paper to illustrate the application of the bivariate GM‐ELM to nonlinear stochastic seismic analysis. The analysis results obtained by the bivariate GM‐ELM are compared with those obtained by the univariate GM‐ELM, the conventional equivalent linearization method, the tail equivalent linearization method, and Monte Carlo simulation. The supporting source code and data are available for download at https://github.com/yisangri/GitHub‐bGM‐ELM‐code.git     

多点地震激励下基于改进振型位移法的反应谱方法

基于平稳随机振动理论，运用改进的振型位移法，得到结构多点输入改进的反应谱法，对其中相关系数进行了计算和讨论，对相关系数解析解进行了讨论，得到了解析公式的适用范围。最后通过算例进行了本文方法与MSRS方法计算结果比较，说明本文方法推导是正确的，收敛速度高于MSRS方法。     

多点输入下大跨结构反应谱分析方法研究进展

在大跨度结构的抗震研究领域,多点输入反应谱方法因其形式简洁、物理意义明确、应用方便等优点而获得了广泛重视和迅速发展,并已在一些重大工程项目的抗震分析中得到了应用。本文首先详细阐述了近年来国内外多点输入反应谱分析方法的研究现状;然后介绍了多点输入反应谱法的应用情况,包括基于该方法进行的大跨度结构地震反应分析和抗震可靠度分析;最后,提出了今后研究中一些需要进一步解决的问题。