复创产品指纹图谱的比较研究

目的：对复创产品指纹图谱进行研究,比较分析不同工艺制备的复创产品中苷类成分指纹图谱的差异。方法：采用HPLC法,以人参皂苷Rg1为参照物,C18色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.00mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长203nm,进样10μL,记录时间75min,以人参皂苷Rg1色谱峰（S峰）的保留时间和峰面积为1计算各峰相对保留时间和相对峰面积比值,并进行方法学考查;采用中国国家药典委员会制定的“中药色谱指纹图谱相似性评价系统”进行相似度评价。结果：制定了不同工艺制备的复创产品中苷类成分指纹图谱,标注了复创产品中苷类成分8个共有指纹峰。不同工艺制备的复创产品各共有指纹峰的相对保留时间比较接近,而各共有指纹峰的相对峰面积则相差较大。结论：通过对复创产品中苷类成分指纹图谱的制定和比较分析,为指纹图谱的制定提供了实验依据,对提高天然产物质量控制技术进行了有意义的探索。     

基于指纹图谱和含量测定评价脑得生丸的质量

目的：以高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱结合含量测定方法,为科学评价脑得生丸的质量提供理论依据。方法：采用HPLC建立脑得生丸的指纹图谱,色谱柱为 Inertsil ODS-SP（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱;柱温 30℃;检测波长为254 nm;流速为1 ml/min。采用HPLC方法测定脑得生丸中人参皂苷 Rg1,色谱柱为 HypersilODS2（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸（19∶81）,等度洗脱;检测波长为 203 nm;流速为 1.0 ml/min;进样量为10 μl。基于指纹图谱和含量测定结果,对脑得生丸的质量进行评价。结果：建立了脑得生丸的指纹图谱,确定了11个共有峰,15批脑得生丸样品相似度均大于0.97。人参皂苷 Rg1的线性方程为 y=13600x-9.5581,线性范围是 19.2 μg/ml～1.920 mg/ml,相关系数是0.9992。15批脑得生丸中有5批样品为过期产品,仅批次为161003样品（过期5个月）含量检测不合格,其他均符合质量标准要求。结论：该方法简便、准确、重复性好,为脑得生丸质量的有效评价与整体控制提供了实验依据。     

小儿扶脾颗粒指纹图谱研究

目的：建立湖南时代阳光药业股份有限公司小儿扶脾颗粒的高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱分析方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法,Ulimate-XB C_{18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,检测波长330nm。结果：以橙皮苷为参照峰,建立了小儿扶脾颗粒HPLC指纹图谱,确立了12个共有峰,10批样品之间的共有峰相似度>0.9。结论：该方法准确,精密度、重复性较好,可作为湖南时代阳光药业股份有限公司小儿扶脾颗粒质量控制的依据。}     

高效液相色谱法测定毛茛中白头翁素含量的实验研究

目的：建立毛茛中白头翁素的含量测定方法。方法：采用Merck Hibar C_{18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水（30∶70）,检测波长220nm,流速0.8ml/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。理论板数按白头翁素计≥4000。结果：白头翁素在0.342～8.108mg/ml范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.7%（n=9）,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.2%。结论：该方法简单、精密度高,结果准确可靠,可作为毛茛中白头翁素含量测定的一种有效方法。}     

HPLC法同时测定滋阴温阳活血颗粒中两种指标性成分的研究

目的：建立滋阴温阳活血颗粒中两种指标性成分（腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷）的同时测定方法。方法：采用HPLC法,选用phenomex Kinetex C_{18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,0.1%磷酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0ml/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μm,检测波长254nm;以腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷为指标性成分,共测定10批滋阴温阳活血颗粒。结果：10批颗粒中,腺苷的含量在2.706～4.132mg/g范围内,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量在3.692～4.948mg/g范围内。结论：本研究所建立方法快速、准确、高效,能够对滋阴温阳活血颗粒的质量进行科学评价。}     

HPLC法同时测定湘产枳壳中5种成分含量的研究

目的：建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定湘产枳壳中芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和橙皮内酯的含量。方法：采用Venusil XBP C_{18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水为流动相（80〖DK〗∶20）,流速1.0ml/min,柱温35℃,变波长检测。结果：芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、橙皮内酯分别在100～2000ng、420～8400ng、32.12～642.4ng、260～5200ng、42.75～855ng内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为98.7%、101.0%、100.7%、100.6%、98.6%,且精密度、重复性、稳定性良好;各批次样品中芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、橙皮内酯的含量范围分别为0.48%～0.84%、4.44%～8.50%、0.19%～0.95%、3.03%～10.19%、0.16%～0.30%;聚类分析分为3类,即11号样品为一类,2号与10号样品为一类,其余样品为一类;橙皮苷含量在各批次样本中波动较大。结论：本研究建立了湘产枳壳中5种成分的HPLC含量测定方法,该方法简便,准确度高,可为湘产枳壳质量控制提供科学依据。}     

海洋药用生物系列HPLC化学指纹图谱研究Ⅰ——二色补血草HPLC化学指纹图谱研究

建立滨海湿地药用植物二色补血草的HPLC化学指纹图谱。运用DAD-Agilent 1100高效液相色谱仪,色谱条件:Agilent Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm;5.0μm),乙腈-0.1%磷酸水流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长200 nm,参比波长360 nm,柱温30℃。首次建立的二色补血草HPLC化学指纹图谱包含17个共有峰。方法的精密度、重现性和稳定性试验RSD值均5.0%。结论:所建立的二色补血草HPLC化学指纹图谱可用于药材的真伪鉴别。     

炎可宁丸质量评价研究

目的：建立炎可宁丸质量标准。方法：采用显微鉴别法鉴别黄连。采用薄层色谱法（TLC）鉴别黄柏、大黄、黄芩、板蓝根、黄连。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定大黄素与大黄酚的含量,使用Phenomenex Luna C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（85∶15）为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为254 nm。采用HPLC法测定黄芩苷的含量,使用CAPCELL PAK C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(45∶55)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为280 nm。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰;大黄素和大黄素酚的线性范围分别为9.3～465.0 ng、11.6～580.0 ng,加样回收率分别为93.3%、98.0%,RSD分别为1.8%、2.7%;黄芩苷的线性范围为68～3400 ng,加样回收率为97.2%,RSD为1.2%。结论:本法简便可靠、结果准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

护心康片及其组方药物多波长HPLC指纹图谱色谱峰相关性研究

目的：建立护心康片多波长HPLC指纹图谱,并研究复方与组方药物指纹图谱峰的相关性。方法：采用C_{18色谱柱（4.6mm×200mm,5μm）;柱温35℃;0.1%磷酸溶液（A）-乙腈（B）为流动相梯度洗脱;流速1.0ml/min;检测波长分别为203nm（检测三七和黄芪）、270nm（检测丹参酮类）、286nm（检测丹参酚酸类和黄芪）。结果：建立了23个特征峰的护心康片HPLC指纹图谱,并对其特征峰进行了组方药物归属分析。结论：该方法能揭示复方主要色谱峰在组方药物中的归属,有效控制护心康片的质量。}     

颗粒与饮片浸膏制备的滋阴温阳活血膏方临床用量一致性研究

目的：通过测定指标性成分含量,比较配方颗粒和全方药材浸膏制备的滋阴温阳活血膏方的临床等效用量之间的差异。方法：含量测定采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,使用Phenomex Kinetex C_{18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,0.1%磷酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0ml/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μl,检测波长254nm;以腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷为指标性成分,共测定颗粒和浸膏配制的膏方各10批。结果：10批样品中,1g颗粒制备的膏方相当于0.957～1.043g浸膏制备的膏方,二者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：使用配方颗粒可以替代药材浸膏作为制作膏方的材料。}     

A liquid accelerometer for hydrophysical research

A liquid ultralow-frequency accelerometer is described. Major calculation relations of physical parameters and a novel procedure for its calibration are given. Basic technical specifications and data on its use underwater and ashore are provided.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Open sea berths for liquid bulk carriers

The transfer of liquid bulk through flexible transfer lines can be accomplished despite relatively large ship motions. For this reason, open sea berth terminals have replaced conventional harbors in many places. The thorough understanding of moored ships dynamics when subjected to waves, wind and currents, combined with the use of flexible dolphins, flexible fenders, asymmetric constant-tension winches and nylon tails permit us to design open sea berth terminals for relatively exposed areas. The design of an integrated system of marine sensors to continuously monitor all the critical elements-ship motion and mooring and fender forces-will enhance the operational procedure whilst insuring safe operations. A berth code can then be established for insuring the maximum efficiency of the terminal on the basis of the measurement of these critical elements.     

Motion responses of barge carrying liquid tank

The interaction between the liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank equipped inside the barge and the barge responses has been investigated through a comprehensive experimental program. The barge was subjected to both regular and random wave excitations under beam sea condition. Three relative fill levels (h_s/l) with liquid fill depth (h_s) to length of tank (l) ratio of 0.163, 0.325 and 0.488 were considered. In addition, the barge responses of equivalent dry weight condition corresponding to each fill level were measured to understand the influence of sloshing. While the excitation wave frequency equals to first mode natural sloshing frequency, a noticeable decrease in the sway response has been observed. However, the effect of sloshing oscillation on the heave response is insignificant. A split up of roll resonance was observed for the aspect ratio of 0.163 due to the coupling effect of roll motion and sloshing.     

MPS方法数值模拟液舱晃荡问题

基于无网格粒子法MPS方法(moving particle semi-implicit method)研究了液舱晃荡问题。针对二维矩形液舱晃荡问题进行了数值验证,结果表明MPS方法能够很好地计算晃荡产生的拍击压力。同时将MPS方法应用到带隔板的液舱晃荡问题计算中,分析了二维和三维带隔板液舱晃荡问题。计算结果表明:隔板的存在很大程度地限制了流体的水平运动,隔板附近出现了自由面的翻卷、破碎和融合现象,MPS方法能够很好地模拟这些流动现象。计算得到的波高与实验测得的波高吻合较好,表明MPS方法模拟带隔板的晃荡问题具有一定的可靠性。     

Axisymmetric liquid block impact on a solid surface

The hydrodynamic problem of collision of an axisymmetric water block and solid boundary has been analyzed based on the velocity potential theory. The three dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamic problem is converted to a quasi two dimensional one and is solved in axisymmetric coordinate system using the boundary element method. Numerical simulations are made for collision of a solid cone with a liquid cone or a spheroidal liquid block. The results in the former are compared with those obtained from similarity solution and excellent agreement is found. Numerical results are then presented for the collision between different solid cones and various spheroidal liquid blocks.     

Three-dimensional liquid sloshing in a tank with baffles

A numerical model has been developed to study three-dimensional (3D) liquid sloshing in a tank with baffles. The numerical model solves the spatially averaged Navier-Stokes equations, which are constructed on a non-inertial reference frame having six degree-of-freedom (DOF) of motions. The large-eddy-simulation (LES) approach is employed to model turbulence by using the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) closure model. The two-step projection method is employed in the numerical solutions, aided by the Bi-CGSTAB technique to solve the pressure Poisson equation for the filtered pressure field. The second-order accurate volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is used to track the distorted and broken free surface. The baffles in the tank are modeled by the concept of virtual boundary force (VBF) method. The numerical model is first validated against the available analytical solution and experimental data for two-dimensional (2D) liquid sloshing in a tank without baffles. The 2D liquid sloshing in tanks with baffles is then investigated. The numerical results are compared with other results from available literatures. Good agreement is obtained. Finally, the model is used to study 3D liquid sloshing in a tank with vertical baffles. The effect of the baffle is investigated and discussed.     

Elastic response of catamaran wetdeck to liquid impact

The impact of an elastic plate onto the compressible fluid without free surface deformation is considered. The ability of the liquid volume to be deformed is geometrically limited which leads to severe impact conditions. The present analysis is focused on the stresses in the plate and the hydrodynamic loads under the impact. The motivation for this research comes from ship hydrodynamics, where the hulls of a catamaran restrict the liquid outflow and the water impacts onto the wetdeck. The influence of the air on the impact process is investigated. The analysis did not reveal any great advantage of utilizing the air-cushion effect or ejection of air into the water near the impact region to prevent high stresses in the elastic plate. It was found that in the problem considered, the stress peaks far from the plate centre and the one-mode approximation does not provide correct information about the stress level.     

Impact of narrow plates on broader liquid bodies

Analytical leading-order solutions are given for liquid bodies that hit a rigid plate in impulsive incompressible impact. The liquid bodies are broader than the impacting plate which causes a mixed boundary condition. The initial velocity field, the corresponding pressure impulse field, and the associated virtual masses are calculated. The following liquid body geometries are studied: 2D rectangles hit symmetrically by the plate, including a case with impermeable sidewalls, asymmetric hit of a 2D rectangle, and symmetric hit of a 3D rectangular box, and of a circular cylinder. A plausible estimate for liquid impact is that a marine structure can never be struck by a greater force impulse than the momentum of incoming liquid perpendicular to its own cross section. By comparing the virtual mass with the total projected fluid mass above the plate for the different liquid body geometries, it is found that the estimate holds for all the computed cases.     

海藻液体肥肥效的研究

采用由碱解法和酶解法制得的海藻液体肥 ,在蔬菜作物上进行浸种和叶面喷施试验 ,结果表明 :海藻液体肥能显著提高种子的发芽率 ,促进作物的生长发育 ,提高作物产量。用海藻液体肥浸种 ,可使种子的发芽率提高 1 0 %左右 ,将其用于叶面喷施 ,则可使作物增产 1 0 %～2 0 %。