Prediction of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soil–Cement at 7?Days

Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of cement stabilized bases was collected from a number of highway construction projects in Thailand. Results from the statistical analysis indicated that the most important factors affecting the UCS were the CBR and the water to cement ratio. The UCS was however independent on the dry density. A statistical model was developed in the study to predict the UCS of cement stabilized bases. A model was developed based on the following criteria: (1) the dry density of the sample shall be greater than 95 percent of the maximum dry density based on the modified Proctor compaction, (2) samples shall be soaked for at least 2 h prior to testing, and (3) the CBR shall be measured at 0.1 inch (2.5 mm) penetration.     

ACTA GEOLOGICA SINIC AContents of Vol. 7, 1993

NO.lSeismie Aetivity and Fuzzy ComPrehensive Evaluation of Crustal Stability in the Beijing Region····························································……Huang Qinghua嘴庆华、 Ma Yinshens吗寅生、and sons Xinehu味新初)Arohaean Greenstone Beits in china······……,’’··················……Shen Baofen枕保丰X Peng xiaoliang澎晓亮入Luo Hui酪辉)and Mao Debao凭德宝)The M echanism of Bacterial Oxidat…     

Geological Journal of China Universities Vol.7 2001 Contents

Ｎｏ.1ＲｅｇｉｏｎａｌｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｏｕｎｄＹｉｎｇｇｅｈａｉＢａｓｉｎｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ　　　…………………………………………ＧＵＯＬｉｎｇ ｚｈｉ,ＺＨＯＮＧＺｈｉ ｈｏｎｇ ,ＷＡＮＧＬｉａｎｇ ｓｈｕ ,ＳＨＩＹａｎｇ ｓｈｅｎ ,ＬＩＨｕａ ,ＬＩＵＳｈａｏ ｗｅｎ　 (1)…………………ＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｏｒｉｇｉｎｏｆＣｈａｎｇｍａＢａｓｉｎ ,ＧａｎｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ　　　………………………………………………ＷＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ ｌｉ,ＬＵＨ…     

Dynamic downscaling of global climate projections for Eastern Europe with a horizontal resolution of 7 km

Climate change is one of the key factors influencing the quantity and quality of water resources in hydrologically sensitive regions. In order to downscale global climate simulations from horizontal resolutions of about 125–200 km to about 7 km, a double nesting strategy was chosen. The modelling approach was implemented with the Regional Climate Model CCLM (COSMO-Climate Local Model) with a first nesting covering a central part of Europe and with a second nesting covering parts of Poland, Belarus, and the Ukraine. A control run—driven by global reanalysis data—was evaluated by comparing the model results with corresponding reference data. Long-term yearly and monthly mean differences of temperature and precipitation were statistically assessed. As reference data for the first nesting, the gridded CRU data set with a horizontal resolution of about 55 km was used. Station data of the NOAA and ECA databases were interpolated to provide an appropriate reference data set for the second nesting. Both nestings overestimated long-term yearly precipitation means. Seasonal evaluation of the first nesting showed positive precipitation biases for spring and winter months and negative biases in summer. Furthermore, differences in the spatial precipitation patterns occured, especially in the high mountain area of the Carpathians. The second nesting overestimated precipitation in spring and summer with smaller biases than in the first nesting. Long-term area means of temperature were properly reproduced. The first nesting showed an overestimation for all months with maximal deviations in summer and spring. In contrast, the second nesting was slightly too warm for summer and autumn and too cold for winter and spring.     

Geochemical Characteristics of C5–C7 Light Hydrocarbons in Gas Hydrates from the Permafrost Region of Qilian Mountains

正Objective As an important part of gas hydrates,light hydrocarbons(LHs),especially C5 to C7 hydrocarbons with various monomer compounds,provide a wide variety of geological and geochemical information,which have received much attention from organic geochemists and petroleum geologists.However,it is     

Impact of cloud microphysics and cumulus parameterization on simulation of heavy rainfall event during 7–9 October 2007 over Bangladesh

In the present study, the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) version 3.2.1 has been used to simulate the heavy rainfall event that occurred between 7 and 9 October 2007 in the southern part of Bangladesh. Weather Research and Forecast (WRF–ARW version) modelling system with six different microphysics (MP) schemes and two different cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes in a nested configuration was chosen for simulating the event. The model domains consist of outer and inner domains having 9 and 3 km horizontal resolution, respectively with 28 vertical sigma levels. The impacts of cloud microphysical processes by means of precipitation, wind and reflectivity, kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics of the event have been studied. Sensitivity experiments have been conducted with the WRF model to test the impact of microphysical and cumulus parameterization schemes in capturing the extreme weather event. NCEP FNL data were used for the initial and boundary condition. The model ran for 72 h using initial data at 0000 UTC of 7 October 2007. The simulated rainfall shows that WSM6–KF combination gives better results for all combinations and after that Lin–KF combination. WSM3–KF has simulated, less area average rainfall out of all MP schemes that were coupled with KF scheme. The sharp peak of relative humidity up to 300 hPa has been simulated along the vertical line where maximum updraft has been found for all MPs coupled with KF and BMJ schemes. The simulated rain water and cloud water mixing ratio were maximum at the position where the vertical velocity and reflectivity has also been maximum. The production of rain water mixing ratio depends on MP schemes as well as CP schemes. Rainfall depends on rain water mixing ratio between 950 and 500 hPa. Rain water mixing ratio above 500 hPa level has no effect on surface rain.     

Utilities of Landsat 7 data and selective image processing in characterization of radioactivity zones of Wadi Baba–Wadi Shalal Area, Westcentral Sinai, Egypt

Wadi Baba–Wadi Shalal area locates in the westcentral part of Sinai, Egypt. It is covered by a Precambrian basement rocks comprise the northern part of the Precambrian Arabo-Nubian crystalline massive. The lithologic and structural setting of the investigated area was interpreted from the digital Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. The structural lineament analyses for the lithologic units and their relationships to the high-radioactivity zones (HRZ) and the characterizations of HRZ of the study area are the main tasks of this article. Extraction algorithm was applied using Geomatica PCI package under the user defined parameters. The extracted structural lineaments have been evaluated and chicked using the visual interpretation and published works. The short-wave infrared spectral ETM+ band-7 was selected as an optimum data for automatic lineaments extraction since it scored the highest lineament frequency (1856) compared to the other visible and near infrared bands. The aeroradiometric color raster total count equivalent thorium (eTh) and equivalent uranium (eU) maps were used to delineate the highest radioactivity zones of the study area. A selective image processing technique (SIPT) is a new approach in Geomatica (9.1), which gives rise to valuable results in this work. The SIPT was carried out for the subset of the ETM+ data of the highest radioactivity zones. The spatial distribution of the structural lineament pattern maps for some low-radioactivity zones (LRZ) and for the highest radioactivity zones of the study area are prepared with their frequency rose diagrams. The NE–SW trend is the predominant structural lineaments trend in the investigated area. The NE–SW to the ENE–WSW directions are the predominant structural lineament trends in both the LRZ and the HRZ. These high-radioactivity zones of the investigated area are characterized by high lineaments density and lineaments-intersection density, restricted to Um Bogma Formation and younger granitic rocks and are not controlled by structural lineament trends.     

Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting HELD IN CHUNGKING, MA■CH 7-9,1943

正 The opening session was called to order by the President at 9:00 a.m. in the Auditorium of the Chungking University at Shapingpa, Chungking. After the ordinarv ceremonies, the President expressed his satisfaction of seeing a large number of guests and members attending the meeting A three-minute silence was observed in memorial     

Electromagnetic sounding of the Earth’s crust in the vicinities of the SG-6 and SG-7 superdeep boreholes in the fields of natural and powerful controlled sources

The results of electromagnetic sounding of the Earth??s crust in the vicinities of the SG-6 and SG-7 superdeep boreholes (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) are presented. The studies were conducted in the fields of natural sources (AMT-MTS) and in the field of the Zevs ULF antenna located at a distance of more than 2000 km from the receiver points. In the vicinity of the SG-7 superdeep borehole, where the small industrial noise was observed, the results of inverse problem solution are completely consistent with the electric logging data. The conducting layers have been identified at the depths of 150 m and 1.1 km. The roof of rocks having small electrical conductivity and belonging to the Permian-Triassic trappean complex has been found at the depth of about 7 km. The response of the Zevs signal (the frequency range of 44?C182 Hz) has indicated the properties of the upper part of the geoelectrical section better than audiomagnetotelluric sounding for both boreholes. Based on the sounding in the vicinity of the SG-6 superdeep borehole, with the data of the Novosobirsk observatory taken into account, the distribution of resistivity down to about 800 km depth has been obtained. This distribution can serve as additional information in calculation of the temperature and rheological regime of the lithosphere and the upper mantle in the region of Western Siberia.     

Use of Landsat 7 ETM+ for lithological and structural mapping of Wadi Afara Heouine area (Tahifet–Central Hoggar, Algeria)

Wadi Afara Héouine area (Tahifet, Central Hoggar) is marked by the existence of very diversified lithologies affected by big submeridian accidents, of which Wadi Afara Héouine, who represents a "linear discontinuity" on near 80 km forming a morphological limit which separates, a strongly gneissic domain (Oua Hellèdjène) of a domain with metasedimentary dominant (Aghefsa). Lithologies not described in the former works were defined by the application of specific treatments (color composite, band ratios, and selective PCA). They also allow us to suggest some modifications to the geologic map of Tahifet. Directional filters associated to the previous treatments helped us in the elaboration of lineament map which accentuates the various accidents affecting the region. It seems clearly that treatments applied to the images ETM contribute in an undeniable way to the geologic study of this region especially since a big part of this region is inaccessible     

Hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation of basalts from the spreading zone of the East Pacific Rise (7°S–23°S)

At the southern part of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), between 6°S and 30°S a survey on volcanic and hydrothermal activity was performed and samples were obtained by means of TV-controlled grab.This paper deals with altered and mineralized basalt sampled between 7°S and 23°S from five sites in a hydrothermal field.These basalts of tholeitic composition are vitreous to holocrystaline. They have suffered pervasive alteration during which rock-forming minerals (pyroxene, plagioclase) have been replaced by kaolinite, chlorite and smectite. As a consequence, strong depletion of Ca, Cr, Ni, Mg, Sr and Al took place, accompanied by an enrichment of Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Zn, and Pb. The ore mineral assemblage is rather uniform and consists of pyrite, marcasite, wurtzite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, covellite and goethite.The igneous and hydrothermal activities can be subdivided into different stages: lithification, high-temperature alteration (<400 C), medium to low temperature alteration and two substages of ore formation (250°C – 150°C and <150°C, respectively).This active present-day ore deposition is interpreted in terms of a peripheral zone of a volcanic-hosted ore mineralisation. It may be compared with fossil ophiolite-hosted massive sulfides that formed throughout the Alpine (e.g. Arabia, Cyprus) as well as Caledonian orogeny (e.g. Scandinavia).

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Zusammenfassung Im Südteil des East Pacific Rise (EPR) zwischen 6°S und 30°S wurde eine Übersichtsbeprobung in einem Gebiet starker vulkanischer und hydrothermaler Aktivität durchgeführt. Diese Studie befaßt sich mit alterierten und mineralisierten Basalten die in einem Hyrothermalfeld, an 5 Positionen zwischen 7°S und 23°S genommen wurden. Die tholeiitischen Basalte sind z.T. hyalin. z.T. holokristallin strukturiert. Im Verlauf der sehr starken Alteration wurden die Minerale Pyroxen und Plagioklas in Kaolinit, Chlorit und Smektit ungewandelt. Dieser Verdrängungsprozeß wurde von einer starken Abreicherung an Ca, Cr, Ni, Mg, Sr, Al und einer Anreicherung an Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Zn und Pb begleitet. Die Vererzung zeigt eine einfache Mineralvergesellschaftung mit Pyrit, Markasit, Wurtzit, Sphalerit, Chalkopyrit, Covellin und Geothit.Die magmatische und hydrothermale Aktivität läßt sich in verschiedene Stadien untergliedern: Basaltentstehung, Hochtemperturalteration (< 400°), Mittelbis Tieftemperaturalteration und Vererzung mit 2 Substadien (250°C–150°C, < 150°C).Diese rezenten Vererzungen lassen sich interpretieren als die Randzone einer vulkanitgebundenen Erzmineralisation. Sie läßt sich mit fossilen Vertretern ophiolit-gebundener massiver Sulfiderze, wie sie im Verlauf den alpidischen (z.B. Arab.-Halbinsel, Zypern) und kaledonischen Orogenese (z.B. Norwegen) entstanden sind, vergleichen.

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Résumé Une étude des activités volcanique et hydrothermale a été effectuée dans la partie sud de l'East Pacific Rise, entre 6° et 30° de latitude sud. Des échantillons y ont été prélevés au moyen d'un engin dirigé par TV.La présente note se rapporte aux basaltes altérés et minéralisés récoltés en cinq points d'un champ hydrothermal, entre 7°S et 23°S.Ces basaltes, de composition tholéiitique sont tantôt vitreux, tantôt holocristallins. Ils ont été le siège d'une forte altération hydrothermale au cours de laquelle les minéraux de la roche (pyroxène, plagioclase) ont été remplacés par de la kaolinite, de la chlorite et de la smectite. Il en est résulté un appauvrissement marqué en Ca, Cr, Ni, Mg, Sr et Al, accompagné d'un enrichissement en Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Zn et Pb. La minéralisation présente une association simple à pyrite, marcassite, wurtzite, sphalérite, covelline et goethite.On peut distinguer plusieurs stades d'activité magmatique et hydrothermale: formation du basalte, altération de haute température (<400°C), altération de moyenne à basse température avec deux stades de minéralisation (250-150°C; <150°C). Ces dépôts de la nature actuelle peuvent s'interpréter comme la zone périphérique d'une aire de minéralisation volcanogène. On peut les comparer à des gisements fossiles de sulfures massifs liés à des ophiolites, comme il s'en est formé au cours des orogenèses alpine (p. ex.: péninsule arabique, Chypre) et calédonienne (p. ex.: Norvège).

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»East Pacific Rise (EPR)« 6° 30° . , 7° 23° . , . , , . , Cr, Ni, Mg, Sr, Al Fe, u, , Mo, Zn Pb. , , , , , . : , ( 400°), (250°–150°, <150°) . , , . , , (.: , ) (.: ).

     

Interaction of Titanium Minerals and Their Melts with Diamond-Forming Media (Experiments at 7–8 GPa)

Melting relations in the multicomponent diamond-forming systems of the upper mantle with a boundary of K–Na–Mg–Fe–Ca carbonate, phases of the model peridotite and eclogite, carbon, and titanium minerals from kimberlite (ilmenite FeTiO₃, perovskite CaTiO₃, and rutile TiO₂) were studied experimentally at 7–8 GPa and 1600–1650°C. Perovskite reacts with the formation of rutile in the diamond-forming silicate–carbonate melts. We discovered liquid immiscibility between melts of titanium minerals, on the one hand, and carbonate–carbon, peridotite–carbonate–carbon, and eclogite–carbonate–carbon diamond-forming melts, on the other. The solubility of titanium mineral in diamond-forming melts is negligible independent of their concentration in the experimental systems. Growth melts retain high diamond-forming efficiency. In general, the experimental results are evident for the xenogenic nature of titanium minerals in inclusions in diamond and, therefore, in diamond-forming melts. It is shown that the physicochemical factors that may correlate the diamond content with the concentration of Ti in kimberlite do not occur during the diamond genesis in silicate–carbonate–carbon parental melts containing titanium minerals and their melts.     

Grain Boundary Diffusion of Oxygen in c-Textured YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Films

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｖｅｒｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｖａｐｏｒｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｔｏｅｐｉｔａｘｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇｃｕｐｒａｔｅｓ,ｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｈａｓｂｅｅｎｇｒｅａｔｌｙｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ .Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｈｉｇｈ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙＹＢａ2 Ｃｕ3 Ｏ7-δ(ＹＢＣＯ)ｆｉｌｍｓｗｉｔｈＴＣ≥ 90Ｋ ,ＪＣ≥ 6× 10 6Ａ/ｃｍ2 ａｔ 77Ｋｃａｎｂｅｅａｓｉｌｙｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄｂ…     

Contents of Acta Geologica Sinica （Chinese Edition） Vol. 81, No. 7, 2007

The Metallogenic Potential,Prospecting Idea and Primary Attempt in Depth of the Ore Belt of the Middle and Lower Reach of the Yangtze River—A Case Study of Tongling Ore District L(?) Qingtian,YANG Zhusen,YAN Jiayong and XU Wenyi(881)     

Abstracts of Acta Geologica Sinica （Chinese Edition） Vol. 80, No. 7, 2006

Discovery of the Bivalvia-Qiyangia Assemblage in the Northern Qiangtang Area and Its Stratigraphic Significances LI Qian, LU Gang, ZHANG Nen, XU Hua, TANG Zhaoxia and WEI Xiaoyan (Guangxi Institute of Regional Geological Survey, Guilin, Guangxi 541003; No. 271 Team of Geological Survey, Guangxi Bureau of Geological Exploration, Guilin, Guangxi 541100) A set of Early Jurassic freshwater Bivalvia assemblage, Qiyangia assemblage, was discovered recently from the "Qoima Co Formation" in the Duxue Mountain area in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet. The "Qoima Co Formation" overlies