2007—08—08渭河流域区域性大暴雨天气过程分析

利用陕西自动站雨量资料、常规资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料及FY-2C卫星等资料对2007年8月8—9日发生在陕西关中的一次区域性大暴雨综合分析,结果表明：区域性暴雨是中尺度辐合线和中尺度云团共同作用产生的;尺度分离的流场能清晰地分辨中尺度天气系统,中尺度系统与强降水中心有较好的对应;基本物理量反映出暴雨区低层有水汽辐合,暴雨出现前有能量聚集;急流次级环流为暴雨区提供了持续强劲的上升运动,为中尺度系统的产生创造了有利的动力条件。     

宝鸡2006年7月8—9日连续突发性暴雨的中尺度系统特征分析

利用西安多普勒雷达、FY-2C卫星、自动站加密雨量等资料,对宝鸡2006年7月8日、9日连续突发性暴雨的中尺度系统观测特征分析,结果表明:地面冷锋触发的中-γ尺度对流系统造成这2次暴雨;中-γ尺度对流系统生命史为1h左右,发展迅速,强降水产生于中-γ尺度系统成熟期(前30min);多普勒雷达图上,组合反射率大于45dBz的强回波对应强降水。2次突发性暴雨平均雨强1mm/min,最大4.2mm/min。借助多普勒雷达,可及时捕捉中-γ尺度对流系统。     

非常规资料在天津沿海一次灾害暴雨 过程中的应用

利用风廓线雷达、微波辐射计、FY卫星亮温(TBB)及多普勒天气雷达探测等非常规资料,对2012年7月25日发生在天津沿海的一次特大暴雨过程进行分析和研究。结果表明:1)中尺度对流系统是造成暴雨的主要影响系统,地面中尺度辐合导致雷达回波列车效应从而产生区域性特大暴雨,强降水过程中50～55 dBZ强回波超过0℃层到达6.5 km高度,表现出高质心结构,雷达回波多仰角出现逆风区,持续时间近3 h,气旋式辐合增强,使对流有很强的组织性;2)暴雨过程伴随多个中尺度对流云团的强烈发展,成熟的对流云团冷中心温度达-63℃,云团后部温度等值线梯度大,对流旺盛,是引发强降水的关键;3)云液态水含量跃增与地面降水增强有直接关系,高液态水含量集中在0.8～1.6 km高度,强降水前湿层深厚,降水发生后湿层厚度迅速减小;4)风廓线雷达有能力捕捉到对暴雨预报有指示意义的信号,暴雨开始前约1～2 h边界层急流和低空急流建立,且低空急流在强降水发生前达到最强,暴雨开始前约1 h有中层弱冷空气侵入,暴雨开始前10～20 min急流可触发边界层扰动和低空扰动。     

2011-07-05汉中区域性暴雨过程初步分析

通过对2011-07-05—06发生在陕西南部的区域性暴雨过程分析发现,副热带高压在这次连续区域性暴雨过程中起到主要作用,新疆北部冷涡外围的冷空气向南扩散是主要触发系统。高低空急流的耦合为这次连续暴雨过程提供了间接的动力条件。造成汉中地区5—6日连续区域性暴雨的对流云团其空间尺度和时间尺度具有明显的中尺度特征。强降水回波的"列车效应"直接导致了局部强降雨的出现;雷达速度图上"0"速度线呈"S"型结构,为产生暴雨的中尺度系统提供了维持机制。     

20070808渭河流域区域性大暴雨天气过程分析

利用陕西自动站雨量资料、常规资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料及FY-2C卫星等资料对2007年8月8-9日发生在陕西关中的一次区域性大暴雨综合分析,结果表明:区域性暴雨是中尺度辐合线和中尺度云团共同作用产生的;尺度分离的流场能清晰地分辨中尺度天气系统,中尺度系统与强降水中心有较好的对应;基本物理量反映出暴雨区低层有水汽辐合,暴雨出现前有能量聚集;急流次级环流为暴雨区提供了持续强劲的上升运动,为中尺度系统的产生创造了有利的动力条件。

     

一次MCC过程雷达回波特征分析

2011年8月15—16日,在河北南部和山东北部地区的中尺度对流复合体（MCC）产生了区域性的暴雨,局部地区出现了大暴雨和特大暴雨。利用多普勒雷达、卫星云图、区域自动站等资料,对这次MCC过程进行了分析,结果表明：MCC中的中-β尺度结构显著,系统有多个中-β尺度对流云团发展而成;不同触发机制的对流回波的合并发展是MCC发展成熟的重要标志;辐合线右侧对流单体的生成、发展,且并入到对流云团主体,是MCC长时间维持的重要因素;径向速度场上表现为中尺度辐合线、局部逆风区和中-γ尺度气旋性涡旋等特征,为强降水提供了动力条件,是出现短时强降水的重要特征;雷达径向速度场直观反映MCC的内部气流结构状况,为判断MCC的演变和强降水落区提供了重要信息。     

2011年6月18日常州大暴雨成因分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料对2011年6月18日常州大暴雨过程从中尺度分析,物理量场诊断和雷达回波等进行了成因分析,结果表明:(1)中低层切变线、梅雨锋是本次暴雨过程产生的重要影响系统。(2)地面中尺度辐合线是造成常州、金坛出现强降水的主要原因之一,而中尺度辐合线和中尺度气旋的共同作用则是溧阳出现强降水的重要因素。(3)此次暴雨过程中,常州地区位于高能区,层结不稳定。强降水发生时,水汽明显加强,边界层的抬升运动也明显增强,存在较强的垂直上升运动。(4)西南急流为本地输送充沛的水汽和大量的不稳定能量,东北急流提供冷空气,促使冷暖气流强烈交汇,从而导致了暴雨的发生。(5)中γ尺度和中β尺度系统长时间维持,有利于连续强降水的产生。     

江淮以南地区暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气动力学研究进展

经过新中国成立以来多次中尺度天气试验研究,江淮以南地区暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气动力学研究取得长足进展。其进展主要体现在两个方面:一是用较高分辨率的观测资料(包括地面和高空探测的加密观测以及卫星和雷达的观测)对形成暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气系统的结构特征和生命史过程建立了天气学概念模型,特别是对暴雨和强降水有重要影响的α中尺度和β中尺度对流系统,建立了观测个例的中尺度物理模型;二是探索了暴雨和强降水的动力学和热力学的物理机制,为精细化数值模式的设计提供了理论支撑,为灾害性天气预测预警提供了技术支持。本文在以往暴雨和强降水研究的基础上,着重对暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气科学试验、江淮以南地区暴雨和强降水发生主要区域的中尺度天气动力学研究进行了概述。     

暴雨多普勒天气雷达回波特征分析及临近预警

对近几年来武汉雷达所观测的典型低涡、梅雨锋暴雨天气过程进行了多普勒雷达观测分析,总结了β尺度暴雨回波系统的基本特征和强降水与诸多因素的关系.分析指出,在短时预报业务中,暴雨回波的识别和预警关键是从整体上要抓住β中尺度暴雨回波系统发生发展的特征,而不是孤立地研究一个对流单体的演变.     

“海棠”影响河南降水雷达回波和中尺度雨团对比分析

使用郑州714CD雷达观测资料，以及2005年刚建立起的河南省乡镇雨量站网资料，配合河南省自动站资料，对0505号台风海棠造成的河南省大范围暴雨、局部特大暴雨过程进行了分析，总结出强降水回波区早于中尺度雨团1个小时左右生成，中尺度雨团早于降水回波减弱消失，稳定少动的强降水回波有利于中尺度雨团的产生和发展；多普勒速度场上，中尺度系统存在的地方有利于强降水回波发展和维持，也有利于中尺度雨团产生和发展；受持续不断45dBz左右强降水回波影响，构成“列车效应”，可造成暴雨甚至是大暴雨过程；对于大范围降水回波，依据乡镇雨量图上中尺度雨团活动规律，分析速度场上中尺度系统如逆风区、辐合区、大风区（低空急流），可以准确预报暴雨落区，发布暴雨预警信号。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.