弱透水层饱和粘性土中水分渗透规律研究

本文利用渗压仪,对弱透水层一饱和粘性土类的原状土样,进行不同水头差作用下的渗透试验,获得水在弱透水层不同孔隙类型中的渗透规律:V—I关系曲线及V—I关系方程等,为地下水资源评价提供了理论依据,具有重要的理论与实际意义。     

饱和正冻土中的水、热、力场耦合模型

土体在冻结过程中 ,不论是融土区、过渡区 (指正在形成的分凝冰及冻结缘区 )还是冻土区所涉及的问题不仅是温度场、水分场问题 ,而且涉及到力学场问题 ,并且力学场对土体的变形过程 (冻胀、压密 )及分凝冰的形成起着重要的作用 .依据连续介质力学、热力学原理 ,提出了土体冻结过程中的三场耦合方程 .并指出 ,土体冻结过程中的体积变化与应力状态、补 -排水条件、冻结条件密切相关 ;体变包含弹性部分、孔隙水变化引起的固结或膨胀部分、相变引起的体变及冻土区粘塑变形部分 ;水分驱动力控制着水分迁移量 ,它是由土基质势、溶质势、冰基质势、孔隙水压力及重力势组成 ;冻结缘现象是由于该区各点处的水分驱动力与相变温度同时满足相变条件而形成 ,冻结缘区含冰量的多少取决于冷能供给情况 ;分凝冰的形成及发展是引起较大冻胀的主要来源 ;分凝冰的形成条件由温度场及力学场统一控制 .即温度要达到相平衡条件 ;孔隙水应力除用于抵抗土骨架有效应力外 ,还需克服土颗粒间的粘聚力     

石油中饱合烃类的喇曼特征

本文试通过一些饱合烃类标样的喇曼分析,总结出石油中饱和烷烃组分的最大喇曼特征是在2700~2970 cm-1区域有一系列强烈的喇曼效应,有三种情况:1)直链烷烃类是以—CH3链基对称喇曼效应(约2872 cm-1)最强;2)带异构骨架链烷烃类是以—CH链基喇曼效应(约2911 cm-1)最强;3)环烷烃类是以—CH2链基对称喇曼效应(约2857 cm-1)最强。另外异构骨架在748 cm-1处有一强的喇曼效应,烷烃环基在804 cm-1处有一个强的喇曼效应。并发现不同的烃或烃混合物,若结构基团相同,喇曼谱图也相同;在混合烃组分(或烃类包裹体)的喇曼谱图中2905~2921 cm-1间喇曼峰应是—CH基团,而不能单作甲烷存在的证据。     

A possible continuum theory for densification and liquefaction of saturated sand

A previously developed continuum theory of granular media is applied to the problems of densification and liquefaction of saturated sand. An expression for the free energy of saturated sand is developed. The process of densification of sand subjected to cyclic shear stress is studied and several expressions for an increase of the solid volume fraction are obtained and discussed. The problem of the initial liquefaction of saturated sand samples under cyclic shear stress is then considered and several criteria relating the shear stress amplitude, over-burden pressure, time to liquefaction, and physical properties of the sand sample are established. Some semiempirical relations for field applications are also presented.     

Interaction between different internal length scales in strain localization analysis of fully and partially saturated porous media—the 1‐D case

The paper analyses the interaction between two internal length scales during dynamic strain localization in multiphase porous materials. The first internal length is introduced in the mathematical model by the gradient‐dependent plasticity for the solid skeleton, while the second one is naturally contained in the multiphase model and is due to the seepage process of the water via Darcy's law, which induces a rate‐dependent behaviour of the solid skeleton. Numerical results of a one‐dimensional example of water saturated porous medium demonstrate the competing effect between these two length scales. The porous medium is here treated as a multiphase continuum, with the pores filled by water and air, the last one at constant atmospheric pressure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析饱水淤泥和粘性土的粘聚力

以汕头地区普遍存在的饱水淤泥土和粘性土为例，研究饱水粘性土与淤泥土的粘聚力和土体的含水量、液限之间的关系，指出饱水粘性土的粘聚力是变量，而不是常量，粘聚力与液限和含水量之差呈近正比关系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地定边地区山西组流体包裹体的拉曼光谱特征

拉曼光谱技术是对流体包裹体进行无损分析的重要手段。本文应用激光拉曼技术对鄂尔多斯盆地定边地区山西组石英矿物颗粒中流体包裹体组分特征进行分析研究,发现该区包裹体主要呈现2种拉曼光谱图:分别是代表芳烃存在的荧光型拉曼光谱图和代表饱和烃存在的饱和烃型拉曼光谱图。从所测得的2种谱图来看,该地层包裹体捕获于煤系烃源岩的生烃演化阶段,进一步分析发现在石英颗粒的Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期次生加大边中的包裹体的拉曼谱图主要显现2250 cm~(-1)±和2945 cm~(-1)±拉曼谱峰,而裂缝中的包裹体除了具有与其相同的峰值之外,在600~1500 cm~(-1)之间亦显示出多个拉曼谱峰,说明存在于这2种构造中的包裹体处于不同的煤系烃源岩演化之中,因此所测包裹体组分不完全相同。该研究测得的拉曼光谱图揭示了研究区山西组地层中流体包裹体的主要组分,并且反映了包裹体被捕获时的成烃流体组分变化特征,对最终确定当时地层的流体环境及其与煤系烃源岩生烃演化之间的关系有着重要意义。     

Poroplastic modelling of the excavation and ventilation of a deep cavity

A plastic deviatoric model with hardening is developed on the basis of geomechanical tests performed in the saturated case on low permeable porous material such as argillite. This model is a generalized Mohr–Coulomb plastic criterion combined with a Drucker–Prager plastic potential and the hardening parameter is the plastic distortion. Three different hardening functions have been introduced on the basis of triaxial tests: an increase of friction angle, a decrease of cohesion after a threshold and a contractancy to dilatancy transition for volumetric plastic strain. This plastic model has been adapted to the partially saturated case. The effective stress is expressed thanks to the equivalent interstitial pressure π. Numerical results are presented for the excavation and monotonous ventilation of a deep cylindrical cavity. A first plastification due to excavation is followed by a second one due to desaturation. The extent of the non-saturated zone provokes an extent of a plastic zone in the rock mass. Analysis shows that the origin of the plastification can be found in the deviatoric stresses because mean effective stresses are compressive during drying. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

饱和粉砂土的动三轴排水试验与计算分析

饱和土在理论上一直以两相饱和孔隙介质模拟,利用Biot饱和孔隙介质动力方程纵波解耦的 (u为波动的振幅位移,p为孔隙水压)解答,结合排水的Somigliana表象积分,能够完成饱和土排水动力反应计算,结果也能在野外试验中验证。为了进一步深入研究饱和土排水的动力特性,设计了室内饱和土动三轴的排水试验,以不同状态饱和粉砂土排水状态下试验的结果,阐述了排水理论计算解答与动三轴试验测试结果的对比分析。最后指出修正后的理论解答与饱和粉砂土的试验测试结果较吻合,并在今后饱和土伴有排水的动力响应分析能在饱和土动力学问题研究中有所应用。     

饱和土一维简谐响应解析解的求解和应用:I求解

对于饱和土一维简谐响应的u-w和u-p方程，通过消元分别将二阶微分方程组变为一个四阶的微分方程。求解此微分方程则得到一维简谐响应的通解。对于特定的边值问题，通过求解描述边界条件的线性方程组得到满足边界条件的解析解。此解析解可用于饱和土动力响应研究的诸多方面。     

饱和砂土中桶形基础承载力的实验研究

桶形基础是近年开发的一种新型的可广泛应用于海洋工程结构的基础形式。由于多种优越性而受到各国石油部门的重视,并引起许多研究人员的关注。通过在饱和砂中的单桶和四桶基础模型实验,研究了桶形基础的静承载特性。分别进行了垂直方向和水平方向的加载实验,其中,四桶基础水平方向加载又分为沿四桶中心构成的正方形的平行边方向和对角线方向施加,得到了载荷位移曲线,对单桶和四桶基础承载力特性,以及加载方向和速率的影响进行了分析和比较。     

填埋场连续型排水结构中最大饱和深度的计算

确定填埋场中的最大饱和深度是进行渗滤液导排系统设计的关键技术参数。针对倾斜场地上的连续型排水结构,基于流量连续条件、Dupuit假设与扩展Dupuit假设,在稳态渗流下,分别建立了浸润线方程,采用数值方法进行计算。通过变动参数计算与分析表明,当场地坡度小于10％时,可采用Dupuit假设下的计算方法进行计算。对于采用土工排水网的连续型排水结构,土工排水网导水率与场地坡度为控制填埋场最大饱和深度的重要因素;保护层渗透系数与入渗率对于控制排水系统的排水效率具有不可忽视的作用。同时比较了水平场地上的锯齿型与连续型排水结构的排水效率,表明前者优于后者。     

饱和砂性土非线性蠕变模型试验研究

采用单向压缩试验研究了常州不同含水层饱和砂性土的蠕变特性。试验结果表明,饱和砂性土的变形既与应力有关,也与时间有关。在一定应力作用下,其变形随时间的增加而增加,经过一段时间后才能达到稳定,应变与应力、时间都呈非线性关系。对试验结果的统计分析表明：用幂函数可以很好地拟合饱和砂性土的应力-应变-时间关系。这一结论有助于更深入地研究长期抽水作用下的地面沉降问题。     

饱和软粘土在不排水循环荷载作用下孔隙水压力模型的建立

通过应力控制式循环三轴试验,研究了饱和软粘土在不排水循环荷载作用下的性状。在考虑影响循环 特性因素的基础上,建立了一种适合上海地区饱和软粘土孔隙水压力的增长模型。     

饱和粘土在循环荷载作用下的孔压预测

通过对饱和粘土循环试验成果的回归分析，建议了用两种模型分别描述ＮＣ粘土和ＯＣ粘土的循环加载孔压变化规律，并研究了在非等幅循环情况下（如波浪、风荷等不规则荷载）所建议模型的应用方法，本文所提供的模型比文献［１］所建议的“动孔压系数法”更符合粘土孔压的增长规律。     

水平动载下饱和砂土地基液化区扩展

对一侧受沿深度分布的水平振动载荷时 ,半无限饱和砂土地基液化区域的扩展进行了数值分析。结果表明 :在水平振动载荷作用下 ,砂土地基液化区域从载荷端由近到远逐渐发展 ;随载荷强度和频率的增加 ,以及土体模量的减小 ,液化发展逐渐加快。在考虑的频率范围内 ,随着载荷频率的增加 ,土体表面的变形和土中的孔隙压力上升速度增加。     

松粉热模拟产物中饱和烃生物标志物分布

松粉和高岭土混合样品热模拟残渣氯仿抽提物和烃饱馏份中的生物标志物主要是正构烷烃系列化合物,其次是类异戊二烯烷烃、甾族系列、三环二萜烷和系列化合物,检测出少量量烷基环己烷系列,异构烷烃系列和类胡萝卜烷系列生物标志物。各类地球化学指标显示松粉热解排烃呈现１５０￣２５０℃和３００￣４００℃两个高峰期,前期生烃物质可能来地孢粉抽粉壁中的类脂物,后期主要来泊于分外壁中的孢粉素,后斯的排烃量大于前期。正构烷烷     

Factor of safety in a partially saturated slope inferred from hydro‐mechanical continuum modeling

Rainfall weakens an earth slope and triggers mass movement. Relevant triggering mechanisms are complex and include reduction of capillary pressure due to increased saturation and frictional drag on the sediment induced by fluid flow. Physics‐based continuum models utilizing modern computational tools are useful for understanding the mechanisms of deformation in partially saturated slopes; however, they do not provide a scalar indicator called ‘factor of safety’ that measures the potential of a given slope for mass movement. In the present work, we employ sequential calculations consisting of a physics‐based finite element model that couples solid deformation with fluid flow to quantify the stress and deformation fields in a steep hillside slope subjected to rainfall infiltration. This is followed by a limit‐equilibrium calculation based on the method of slices that evaluates the desired factor of safety. The field condition investigated is similar to the steep experimental catchment CB1 near Coos Bay, Oregon, which failed as a large debris flow from heavy rainfall. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uniqueness and localization analysis of elastic–plastic saturated porous media

Conditions for localization of deformation into a planar (shear) band in the incremental response of elastic–plastic saturated porous media are derived in the case of small strains and rotations. The critical modulus for localization of both undrained and drained conditions are given in terms of the discontinuous bifurcation analysis of the problem. Loss of uniqueness of the response of coupled problems is investigated by means of positiveness of the second‐order work density. From the discussion of drained conditions, it is shown that there are two critical hardening moduli, i.e. lower and upper hardening moduli which, respectively, correspond to single phase material (large permeability) and to undrained conditions (small permeability). In analogy to one‐dimensional results, it is shown that there exists a domain of permeability values where we have loss of stability, but the waves can still propagate. In this domain finite element results do not show pathological mesh dependence, and permeability will play the role of an internal length parameter in dynamic models. The length scale prediction is thus given for multi‐dimensional problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红层工程性质指标相关性研究

红层是我国南方分布广泛的白垩纪沉积软岩，大量试验数据分析表明，反映红层工程性质的一些重要物理力学指标间存在着较好的相关性，由于岩石结构的差异，不同地区红层的相关方程差异较大。通过对试验数据进行回归分析。建立了抚州市区红层的饱和重度与饱和单轴抗压强度、饱和单轴抗压强度与割性模量、三轴抗压强度与围压之间的相关方程，分析了现有点荷载试验强度与饱和单轴抗压强度相关方程对抚州红层的不适用性，并建立了相应的相关性明显的相关方程。