《遥感解译与制图》课程体系探讨

遥感图像解译与制图是遥感科学的重要发展方向,在遥感科学与技术、地理信息系统的本科教育中应加强遥感图像解译与制图的相关理论和方法的教学。对课程现状、课程体系、教学内容和教学方法进行了分析和探讨,为促进遥感图像解译与制图的教学和研究提供基础。     

遥感图像自动解译面临的问题与解决的途径

遥感图像自动解译的目的是为了满足人们从海量遥感数据中快速识别与获取不同专题信息的需要。目前图像自动解译主要依赖地物光谱特征 ,其解译精度不高。解决这一问题的主要途径包括 :抽取遥感图像多种特征并综合利用这些特征 ,利用遥感图像解译背景数据库 ,在地理信息系统支持下实现背景数据与遥感信息覆合 ,采用专家系统完成遥感图像自动解译。     

大庆市域绿地现状遥感调查

利用现代测量3S高科技手段对大庆市绿地进行调查,即采用遥感图像作为主要的数据源,以GPS外业调查和航空像片为辅,用Arcview软件对图像进行人机交互解译,将解译结果生成矢量专题层面并统计面积。     

长江流域新构造遥感解译标志浅析

长江流域基础地质遥感调查与监测,以2000年左右ETM图像为主,20世纪70年代MSS图像和2007年左右CBERS图像为辅,进行地貌、第四纪地质及新构造断裂遥感解译.通过长江流域遥感解泽实践,归纳总结了新构造遥感解译标志.     

基于方向加权二维多级中值滤波的遥感图像处理方法

遥感图像受各种因素的干扰而影响解译精度。根据人类视觉和认知心理学的特点，在遥感解译过程中需要对遥感图像进行增强处理。本文结合机器视觉、图像处理领域在图像增强方面已经提出的一些方法，采用方向加权二维多级中值滤波方法进行图像处理。该方法突出了视觉处理目的，减少了运算量，达到了令人满意的增强效果，在原始图像比较复杂的情况下，可以改善、提高后期图像处理过程，如图像分析(解译)的正确性和有效性，为遥感图像解译提供良婷的增强图像。同时该方法还可以很好地抑制图像噪声，突出边缘信息，达到了增强图像的目的。     

第二次土地调查遥感影像解译应用分析

在明确遥感影像的类型、解译概念、解译过程的基础上,深入探讨了遥感影像的解译方法及其应用,并以建立图像解译标志的实例,生动的展示了遥感影像解译在第二次土地调查中的重要作用。在影像解译流程化、系统化工作层面,提供了良好的技术经验。     

基于核PCA方法的高分辨率遥感图像自动解译

针对基于像元的高分辨率遥感图像自动解译存在的缺点,提出一种分三步走的高分辨率遥感图像自动解译技术流程:首先采用核PCA进行特征提取,然后采用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行分类,最后采用择多滤波器进行分类后处理。通过对覆盖西藏山南地区的IKONOS图像的解译实验表明,本文方法能够有效地实现遥感图像自动解译,其结果与人工目视解译图基本一致,取得了理想的效果。     

基于核 072方法的高分辨率遥感图像自动解译

针对基于像元的高分辨率遥感图像自动解译存在的缺点!提出一种分三步走的高分辨率遥感图像自动解译技术流程：首先采用核PCA进行特征提取!然后采用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）进行分类!最后采用择多滤波器进行分类后处理。 通过对覆盖西藏山南地区的IKONOS图像的解译实验表明,本文方法能够有效地实现遥感图像自动解译,其结果与人工目视解译图基本一致,取得了理想的效果。     

图像的空间频谱识别与分类

本文介绍一种光学－计算机混合处理系统对图像进行空间频谱分析的原理和方法。该系统的光学部分是一个夫琅和费衍射装置，它把光学图像转换成二维的傅立叶频谱，即空间频谱。计算机则负责频谱数据的采集与分析。鉴于遥感地质日视解译中区分岩类的主要识别指标是遥感图像的影纹特征，文中以岩石的遥感图像的空间频谱采样与特征提取，对空间频谱进行识别和分类为例，阐明利用衍射图样对图像进行识别的方法。     

基于eCognition的遥感图像面向对象分类方法研究

随着高分辨率遥感图像越来越普及,传统的面向像元的图像分类方法不能满足对高分辨率遥感图像区域分类的需求,高分辨率遥感图像对图像处理的软件与硬件都有了更高的要求,因此,出现了相较于面向像元有着更高精度更为合理的面向对象分类方法,也更加适用于高分辨率遥感影像。本文通过采用面向对象分类的基本方法,运用eCognition软件,以山东省胶州市地区遥感影像为例,进行多尺度分割和面向对象分类。并用ENVI做监督分类,基于目视解译精度评定,对不同方法作出分析评价。结果表明:面向对象分类方法精度更高,更具有可靠性。     

赣北推覆构造格局的TM遥感影像分析

本文首先讨论了赣北地区推覆构造四种主要的TM影像鉴别标志。在此基础上,通过对该地区数字镶嵌TM遥感影像的详细解译、分析,探讨了该区推覆构造的宏观分布格局。     

一种基于双边界的遥感图像动态变化信息判读方法研究

目前用于遥感图像动态变化信息提取的方法不少,但它们在用于局部图像的动态判读与专题图件的生成时,操作过于烦琐,效率不高。双边界方法是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。通过双边界的范围,易于判读变化的地物;通过双边界的颜色信息,易于掌握变化信息的特征。基于双边界的动态变化信息判读方法具有操作简单、灵活及判读时误差相对较小的特点,可大大减轻判读工作量。本文简述该方法提取遥感图像中动态变化信息的原理,详细介绍其应用方法,最后进行了土地利用动态变化信息提取试验。     

基于纹理特征的遥感影像监督分类

影像分类技术是遥感影像分析与解译的重要基础。纹理特征是影像的重要特征,本文主要实现基于纹理特征的遥感影像监督分类。首先对地物样本进行提取,通过样本训练统计各类地物纹理特征向量,建立纹理特征库;然后以各类地物的特征向量作为基准,采用最短距离分类器对影像进行分类;最后采用混淆矩阵对分类结果进行精度评定,并与ERDAS专业软件分类结果进行对比分析。实验证明,本分方法取得了与ERDAS软件相当的分类效果,从而验证本文方法的可靠性。     

基于遥感的长沙-株洲-湘潭城市扩展研究

通过实地考察建立图像解译标志,利用多时相遥感图像序列,形成城市变化图,研究长沙、株洲、湘潭（简称长、株、潭）1966～1999年不同时期城市特征、扩展方式、方位和速度,并对2000～2010年城市发展状况进行初步预测.研究结果表明： 长、株、潭城市在不同时期有基本相同的扩展方式; 扩展方位并非三市融合方向; 扩展速度呈指数增展,且长沙市的扩展速度明显高于株、潭两市的扩展速度; 2000～2010年间长、株、潭城市仍将高速扩展,三市将进一步融合.     

遥感技术在鲁南地区水资源综合开发利用中的应用

以水量平衡理论为依据,采用不同时相的TM图像数据及多元信息复合技术对鲁南地区沂源、沂水、沂南三县(简称“三沂”)的地下水资源、地表水拦蓄条件进行调查分析,在此基础上,提出了区域水资源综合开发利用配置方案。     

Quantification winter wheat LAI with HJ-1CCD image features over multiple growing seasons

Remote sensing images are widely used to map leaf area index (LAI) continuously over landscape. The objective of this study is to explore the ideal image features from Chinese HJ-1 A/B CCD images for estimating winter wheat LAI in Beijing. Image features were extracted from such images over four seasons of winter wheat growth, including five vegetation indices (VIs), principal components (PC), tasseled cap transformations (TCT) and texture parameters. The LAI was significantly correlated with the near-infrared reflectance band, five VIs [normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), modified nonlinear vegetation index (MNLI), optimization of soil-adjusted vegetation index, and ratio vegetation index], the first principal component (PC1) and the second TCT component (TCT2). However, these image features cannot significantly improve the estimation accuracy of winter wheat LAI in conjunction with eight texture measures. To determine the few ideal features with the best estimation accuracy, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and variable importance in projection (VIP) were applied to predict LAI values. Four remote sensing features (TCT2, PC1, MNLI and EVI) were chosen based on VIP values. The result of leave-one-out cross-validation demonstrated that the PLSR model based on these four features produced better result than the ten features’ model, throughout the whole growing season. The results of this study suggest that selecting a few ideal image features is sufficient for LAI estimation.     

遥感影像解译标志库的建立和应用

在遥感影像解译标志库中,全面、综合地总结了各种解译要素和常见的各种典型地物及其解译标志。该库具有全面性、综合性、开放性和包容性的特点。同时,结合该遥感影像解译标志库,成功地实现了对研究区的遥感地质解译。根据所建立的解译标志库系统地总结了研究区各种岩性的遥感影像特征;解译结果与1:200000地质资料相对比,共发现18处影像特征与其不一致的地方。经野外验证,根据解译标志库所建立的不同岩性的解译标志及解译结果是准确可靠的。     

遥感图像的位置校正算法

通过对遥感图像解译中传统的几何位置校正方法的研究,提出了一种曲面样条函数算法,从而能解决传统的方法校正不完全的缺陷。     

Technical progress of China's national remote sensing mapping:from mapping western China to national dynamic mapping

Remote sensing mapping is an important research direction in the development of geographic surveying and mapping.In order to successfully implement the project of Mapping Western China(MWC),a technical mapping system has been established.In this project,many problems have been solved through technological innovation,such as block adjustment with scarce control points,large-scale aerial/satellite image mapping,and intelligent interpretation of multi-source images.Several softwares were developed,e.g.PixelGrid for aerial/satellite image mapping in a large area,FeatureStation for the integration of multi-source data in the complex terrain areas,and an airborne multi-band and multi-polarization interferometric data acquisition system for SAR mapping.For the first time,full coverage of 1∶50,000 topographic data of China's land territory has been produced,which means the geospatial framework of digital China is basically completed.With the implementation of other key national plans and projects(i.e.national geographic conditions monitoring and national remote sensing map-ping),the focus has changed from MWC to national dynamic mapping.Accordingly,a dynamic mapping system is established.The data acquisition capability has developed from a single source to multiple sources and multiple modalities.The mapping capability has developed into dynamic mapping,and the capability for database update shows the characteristics of colla-boration.The national geographic condition monitoring creates a multi-scale index system for statistical analysis for various needs.A multi-level and multi-dimensional technical system for statistical computing and decision-making service is developed for the transformation from dynamic monitoring to information service.In this paper,we give a brief introduction about the recent development of remote sensing mapping in China with respect to data acquisition,map production,and information service.The purpose of this paper is to motivate the establishment of theory and method for remote sensing mapping,technical and equipment in the smart mapping era,to improve the capability of perceiving,analyzing,mining,and applying geographic data,and to promote the intelligent development of geographic survey-ing and mapping.     

Universal reconstruction method for radiometric quality improvement of remote sensing images

The performance of remote sensing images in some applications is often affected by the existence of noise, blurring, stripes and corrupted pixels, as well as the hardware limits of the sensor with respect to spatial resolution. This paper presents a universal reconstruction method that can be used to improve the image quality by performing image denoising, deconvolution, destriping, inpainting, interpolation and super-resolution reconstruction. The proposed method consists of two parts: a universal image observation model and a universal image reconstruction model. In the observation model, most degradation processes in remote sensing imaging are considered in order to relate the desired image to the observed images. For the reconstruction model, we use the maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework to set up the minimization energy equation. The likelihood probability density function (PDF) is constructed based on the image observation model, and a robust Huber–Markov model is employed as the prior PDF. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.