岩土工程注浆技术与其应用研究

注浆技术因其在渗漏、突水突泥等灾害治理及软土加固方面的显著优势,目前在岩土工程项目建设及运营维护中应用非常广泛。从基于裂隙岩体分形几何和模糊RES-云模型的可灌性分析理论、高聚物和微生物菌液注浆新材料、三维模型可视化和虚实耦合计算机技术等方面对坝基注浆技术进行了阐释述评,并考虑浆液扩散模型、黏度时变规律和注浆复合体结构特征等对盾构隧道和海底隧道注浆技术进行了探讨分析,最后对桩基后注浆加固原理和荷载-沉降特性等进行探索总结。注浆技术在岩土工程系列项目建设中的应用,必将全面提升岩土项目的工程质量。     

初论新疆超大型矿床成矿条件及找矿方向

概述了新疆已知超大型矿床的地质特点、成矿特征和条件，分析了寻找大型、超大型矿床的成矿条件，主要类型，并就寻找大型、超大型矿床的主攻方向进行了初步预测。     

新疆矿产开发与产业发展战略构想

新疆矿产的特点是总量丰富，勘查程度低：矿种齐全，丰度不一；分布广泛；地域不均；超大型矿床少，中小型多；共伴生矿多，单矿种少。新疆矿业发展具有资金和市场两头在外的特点。新疆矿业开发与发展应实施“以市场为导向的黑（石油、天然气、煤、铁、蛭石）黄（铜、镍、金）白（盐类、水泥灰岩、膨润土、石棉）优势矿产为重点”的综合开发战略，加强地质矿产勘查基础地位、加快矿业体制改革、加大矿业投入、实施矿业一体化、加大矿业结构调整、实现知识创新和技术跨越、充分利用两种资源和两个市场、加强矿业管理和建立矿业经济特区等。     

Geotechnical characterisation of pyroclastic soils involved in huge flowslides

Landslides of the flow type involving granular geo-materials frequently result in casualties and damage to property because of the long travel distance and the high velocities that these may attain. This was true for the events that took place in Campania Region (Southern Italy) in May 1998, involving pyroclastic soils originating from explosive activities of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano. Although these phenomena have frequently affected various areas of the Campania region over the last few centuries, there were no useful geological and geotechnical references available in the aftermath of the May 1998 events. For this reason Salerno University, which was involved in the scientific management of the emergency, addressed the issue of acquiring data on the geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological features of the slopes where the landslides had taken place. The information acquired made it possible to set up a slope evolution model that is able to interpret, from a geological point of view, past and more recent landslides that had occurred in the same area. As preliminary geotechnical analyses had already validated the above model, more detailed investigations were performed both on the pore pressure regimen of the covers still in place as well as on the physical and mechanical properties of pyroclastic soils, in saturated and unsaturated conditions. The present paper begins by discussing the data acquired during the .rst phase of the studies and then goes on to illustrate the laboratory results so far obtained with the aid of approximate procedures. These help advance our knowledge of pyroclastic soils within a reasonable time frame, thus improving landslide triggering analysis.     

A geographical information system managing geotechnical data for Athens (Greece) and its use for automated seismic microzonation

This article presents a geographical information system (GIS) which manages geotechnical data obtained from detailed geotechnical surveys as well as from in situ observations in Athens, Greece. Thoroughly examined data from more than 2,000 exploratory boreholes and trial pits located in the wider area of Athens have been incorporated using a relational database system. From the analysis of these results, thematic maps are compiled to illustrate the distribution of engineering geological information (e.g. the depth of the “Athens schist” head). In addition, a methodology for an automated GIS-aided seismic microzonation study is outlined and is being employed taking into account the aforementioned geotechnical and engineering geological information, as well as existing seismological data to estimate the variability of seismic ground motion for the southern part of Athens.     

香港的水工环地质工作

香港水工环地质工作发展的一些情况，主要论及到基础地质工作、土地利用规划、地下空间开发、水资源管理、岩土工程、环境保护和管理及工程地质编图等方面。     

柳州市某小区高层商住楼地基基础选型探讨

介绍了柳州市某小区高层商住楼各个勘察阶段的岩土工程地质条件,重点通过对基础方案的技术可行性和经济成本两方面对比,探讨了该商住楼地基基础的选型问题,以工程实例告诫地质技术人员从事岩土工程勘察需要注意细节工作。     

南海海底土体物理力学特征及其地质环境初步研究

根据近十多年来多个部门开展的海洋工程地质勘察以及岩土工程测试所获得的资料,对南海不同海区、不同土体类型、不同沉积环境海底土的物理力学性质及其地质环境作了初步研究,总结出滨海区、海峡区、内陆架区、外陆架区、陆坡区、深海平原区不同土体的物理力学特征及其与形成时代、沉积环境、物质组分之关系,为海洋资源开发和工程建设以及海洋区域发展规划提供了重要依据。     

峰峰矿区岩土工程勘察中几个问题的探讨

根据峰峰矿区工业及民用建筑的岩土工程特征,以及在岩土工程勘察中所遇到的诸如由地形地貌产生的不良工程地质现象、特殊地质体等问题,认为在岩土工程勘察中,不仅要研究勘察场地的工程地质条件,而且要重视周围地质条件的宏观研究,同时建议建立岩土工程勘察档案数据库,为今后岩土工程勘察成果的使用、以及正确确定勘察手段奠定基础。     

Ground zoning against seismic hazard in Athens, Greece

The 1999, Ms=5.9, Athens earthquake caused serious structural damage to buildings in the western part of Athens, Greece. This paper presents the ground zoning against seismic hazard proposed shortly after the earthquake in order to aid reconstruction of the area. Existing engineering geological and geotechnical data were combined with local observations to provide a unified set of classification criteria, consistent with provisions of the Greek Seismic Code EAK. The accuracy and the possible limitations of this zoning procedure are addressed through comparison with observed damage distribution as well as results from seismic ground response analyses performed at sites with well established soil profiles. There is clear evidence that the proposed zones correspond to geological formations exhibiting grossly different seismic response with regard to the design of common engineering structures. However, the mostly qualitative nature of the guidelines for ground categorisation provided by EAK and the general lack of systematic, site-specific geotechnical data for the whole area induce uncertainties in the definition of the seismic design actions for the different zones. These objective uncertainties certainly demand increased conservatism but do not limit application of the proposed methodology for first aid, preliminary planning in the event of destructive earthquakes.     

关于推行岩土工程专业体制的思考与实例

岩土工程专业体制的核心内涵,是强调岩土工程勘查,设计,施工,监测,监理５个环节的整体和统一性。岩土工程师,不仅要为建设工程设计提供地质资料,而且还要积极参与或争取主持整个岩土工程项目的设计与施工,本文以实例阐明了其可能性与必要性。     

3D GIS Supporting Underground Urbanisation in the City of Turin (Italy)

This paper introduces a 3D geological and geotechnical model of the subsoil of the city of Turin managed by means of a Geographical Information System (GIS). The 3D GIS of the subsoil of Turin represents a useful decision-support tool in the underground management for engineering purposes and it’s here proposed as base geological elaborate to support future underground work in the city. In the final part of the paper, an application of the information coming from the 3D model is shown to define the characteristics of the optimal excavation machines (the type and disposition of tools on the head and the necessary engine power) for the future developments of the Underground Metro System.     

地质灾害防治领域重大科技问题讨论

本文在简要介绍国土资源部地质灾害防治领域的中长期科技发展规划前期研究起草工作过程的基础上,从地质灾害监测预警预报关键科技问题研究、地质灾害危险性评价和风险评估与土地利用、重大地质灾害治理与应急处置关键技术研究3方面,论述了地质灾害防治领域的中长期规划前期研究的关键科技问题、瓶颈制约和解决这些难题的若干重大科研计划。      

牢记先生教导,实践第一,积极促进工程地质与岩土工程殊途同归

本文以谷德振先生亲自领导和指导的武汉长江大桥岩基勘查和基础工程设计和施工作为范例,具体、生动地展现谷先生学术思想中最重要、放在首位的就是重视实践。这一学术思想归结起来就是重视工程前期的工程地质调查和勘探工作,到工程设计特别是施工中去进一步验证和修正,与岩土工程紧密结合,以确保安全、经济地完成某一项以地质灾害治理为目的地地质工程和/或专项土木工程。     

Soil–rock-forming processes and engineering mechanical properties of the ancient gravel stratum near Nanjing, China

The ancient gravel stratum near Nanjing, China, is a major stratum of Cenozoic age along the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper first presents a typical geological profile and material composition of the ancient gravel stratum, and then discusses its geologic origin, soil–rock-forming processes, engineering mechanical properties, and their relations. These analyses are useful for city planning, geotechnical engineering, construction, and characterization of the geological environment in the Nanjing area.     

纳米科技与地学研究的思考

本文对９０年代出现的纳米科技的基本内容进行了简介，提出了应用纳米效应研究矿物学、矿物材料学及矿床学等的可行性，讨论了以纳米学为基础尚待研究的有关地学问题。     

Typical source areas of May 1998 flow-like mass movements in the Campania region, Southern Italy

Flow-like mass movements in granular materials are among the most serious natural hazards, systematically producing huge amounts of damage and numerous victims, especially when involving volcanic soils. This is the case of the events in Southern Italy in May 1998, when rainfall triggered many destructive landslides along the slopes of a carbonate massif mantled by pyroclastic soils. Due to the complexity of the occurred phenomena, a shared interpretation of their triggering stage is still not available.

As a contribution to the topic, the paper initially discusses the geological and geomorphological features of the massif combining them in three hillslopes models. The models are then associated to the hydrogeological features and anthropogenic factors in order to define six typical landslides source areas that are not casually distributed on the massif. The study subsequently focuses on the most frequent type of source areas, associated to the largest unstable soil volumes and longest run-out distances. For these source areas, the triggering mechanism is discussed, with an example of geotechnical validation being proposed for a well monitored mountain basin. The geotechnical modelling at site scale confirms the geological analyses at massif scale and provides further insights into the events, thus highlighting the potential of a multidisciplinary approach for the interpretation of very complex slope instability phenomena.     

The need for Quaternary geological knowledge in geotechnical engineering

Engineering geology, like geotechnical engineering, is a new scientific subject in Denmark. Experience in the period since 1924 is laid down in the Danish Code of Practice for Foundation Engineering, which states that the geological conditions establish the foundation class and must be determined as early as possible during the soil investigations by experienced geologists and engineers. The consequences are illustrated by some examples from geotechnical investigations performed at the Danish Geotechnical Institute:
• The economic foundation of a small wooden building on the brink of a postglacial lake and fiord basin at Vedbæk.
• The deep excavation for and foundation of a huge commercial center at Lyngby situated in the middle of a tunnel valley with more than 12 m late- and postglacial organic deposits, based on design and control in the high foundation class.
• The engineering geological modelling of the Quaternary development in the Danish North Sea. Applied geology plays an increasing part in geotechnical engineering as a prerequisite for economic and safe technical solutions. The future use of geological and geotechnical data bases will bring Quaternary geological knowledge into focus.     

建立地质-地球化学找矿模型 ——以西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床为例

区域地球化学定量预测是全国重要矿产资源潜力评价项目的组成部分之一。为了提高其预测结果的可信度,科学合理的地质-地球化学找矿模型是关键,也是地球化学找矿预测区圈定和资源量估算过程中相似类比的“标准样本”。在中国地球化学找矿模型历史沿革的基础上,提出了地质-地球化学找矿模型建立的基本思路、理论基础和主要内容。通过收集、整理、归纳西藏冈底斯成矿带甲玛“三位一体”（夕卡岩型-角岩型-斑岩型）铜多金属矿床的最新资料,构建了甲玛典型铜多金属矿床的地质-地球化学找矿模型。该模型由区域地质特征、矿床地质特征、矿床地球化学特征、地球化学异常特征、地质-地球化学特征、重要控矿因素6个方面组成。     

Use of lateritic fine-grained soils in road pavement base courses

Summary Lateritic fine-grained soils are, in large areas of Brazil and other tropical countries, the most frequent local materials found along road routes. However the use of these soils in pavements has been difficult, because they do not conform to the traditional specifications for base courses. This paper presents successful uses of many of these soils in pavement base courses, particularly sandy soils, following specially developed geotechnical test methods and construction procedures, thus sensibly reducing the cost of pavements, mainly for low to medium traffic levels.