三种变换在强震记录分析方面的研究

在简要地介绍比较了傅立叶变换、小波变换、希尔伯特-黄变换理论的基础上,针对集集地震大量强震记录进行各种变换分析比较,以探求希尔伯特-黄变换在强震记录分析中应用的前景.通过对集集地震60条不同震中距和场地的强震纪录,分别作傅立叶频谱、希尔伯特-黄边际谱和能量密度谱分析,列表归纳对比显示希尔伯特-黄变换在强震记录处理中基本表现出和其他变换相同的趋势,并有其新特点,能体现出强地震动的瞬时特性,是对现有强震数据处理方法重要的补充.     

Hilbert-Huang变换方法研究进展

自然过程大都具有非线性非平稳性,一种自适应数据分析方法对于分析这些过程来说是极其必要的。Huang于1998年创立的H ilbert-Huang变换(HHT)就是这样一种自适应性非线性非平稳数据分析方法,该方法由经验模态分解(EMD)和H ilbert变换两部分组成。文中首先详细解释了HHT的思想和基本理论;然后介绍了该方法近期的重要研究进展,列举了其在科研和工程领域的应用;最后,对方法中仍然存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Computational modeling of cyclic mobility and post-liquefaction site response

Under seismic excitation, liquefied clean medium to dense cohesionless soils may regain a high level of shear resistance at large shear strain excursions. This pattern of response, known as a form of cyclic mobility, has been documented by a large body of laboratory sample tests and centrifuge experiments. A plasticity-based constitutive model is developed with emphasis on simulating the cyclic mobility response mechanism and associated pattern of shear strain accumulation. This constitutive model is incorporated into a two-phase (solid–fluid), fully coupled finite element code. Calibration of the constitutive model is described, based on a unique set of laboratory triaxial tests (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic centrifuge experiments. In this experimental series, Nevada sand at a relative density of about 40% is employed. The calibration effort focused on reproducing the salient characteristics of dynamic site response as dictated by the cyclic mobility mechanism. Finally, using the calibrated model, a numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the effect of excitation frequency content on post-liquefaction ground deformations.     

Defining an estuary using the Hilbert-Huang transform

Abstract

Researchers have used various physical, chemical, or topographic features to define estuaries, based on the needs of their particular subject. The principal features of estuaries are the tides that influence their water stages; thus, the boundaries of an estuary can be determined based on whether the water stage is subject to tidal influence. However, the water stage is also influenced by the upstream river discharge. A hydrograph of water stage will therefore include both non-stationary and nonlinear features. Here, we use the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), which allows us to process such non-stationary and nonlinear signals, to decompose the water-stage hydrographs recorded at different gauging stations in an estuary into their intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and residuals. We then analyse the relationships between the frequencies of IMFs and known tidal components. A frequency correlation indicates that the water stage of the station is subject to tidal influences and is located within the estuary. The spatial distribution of the stations that are subject to tidal influences can then be used to define the estuary boundaries. We used data from gauging stations in the estuary region of Taiwan's Tanshui River to assess the feasibility of using the HHT to define an estuary. The results show that the HHT is a dependable and easy method for determining the boundaries of an estuary.

Citation Chen, Y.-C., Kao, S.-P., and Chiang, H.-W., 2013. Defining an estuary using the Hilbert-Huang transform. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (4), 841–853.     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换的汶川地震记录分析

利用HHT方法对6个台站的汶川8.0级地震加速度记录进行EMD分解,进而对地震波输入结构的总能量进行分解,得到地震动能量在IMF分量之间的分布关系。同时通过对各分量边际能量谱的分析,可以从另一方面得到地震波的频谱特性,边际能量谱峰值频率与地震波傅立叶谱的卓越频率相同,边际能量谱也可以作为一种估算震动卓越周期的方法。     

双线性单自由度体系强迫动力反应的Hilbert谱与本征振动模态:输入简谐波频率的影响

系统地研究了双线性单自由度体系在简谐波输入下表现出非线性力学行为时,输入简谐波频率对体系动力响应的Hilbert谱、Hilbert边缘谱及Fourier幅值谱的影响.研究结果表明,如果体系输入简谐波频率为f,那么体系动力响应Hilbert边缘谱的能量分布在f附近一个较宽的频带上,该频带的产生是体系动力响应Hilbert谱中所蕴含的波内调制的必然结果,它源自于体系某个本征振动模态瞬时频率的波动,而这种瞬时频率的波动描述了体系屈服与卸载的非线性力学行为;体系动力响应的Fourier幅值谱自3f起,每隔2f就会出现一个幅值明显高出周围其它分量的Fourier“伪”谐波分量,这也是体系非线性力学行为所造成的结果.     

Hilbert spectrum and intrinsic oscillation mode of dynamic response of a bilinear SDOF system： influence of harmonic excitation amplitude

Under harmonic wave excitation, the dynamic response of a bilinear SDOF system can be expressed by the Hilbert spectrum. The Hilbert spectrum can be formulated by (1) the inter-wave combination mechanism between the steady response and the transient response when the system behaves linearly, or (2) the intra-wave modulation mechanism embedded in one intrinsic mode function (IMF) component when the system behaves nonlinearly. The temporal variation of the instantaneous frequency of the IMF component is consistent with the system nonlinear behavior of yielding and unloading. As a thorough study of this fundamental structural dynamics problem, this article investigates the influence of the amplitude of the harmonic wave excitation on the Hilbert spectrum and the intrinsic oscillatory mode of the dynamic response of a bilinear SDOF system.     

基于改进的希尔伯特-黄变换的地震强震动特征提取

2021年5月21日漾濞M_s6.4地震是云南近10 a以来继M_s6.5鲁甸地震和M_s6.6景谷地震后发生的又一次破坏性浅源地震,其震中位于滇西北地区维西-乔后断裂带附近。震源机制结果显示：此次地震属于走滑型破裂,符合区域构造特征。为进一步研究该地震强震动特征,特引入改进后的希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT),以不同角度客观分析强震动的尺度和频域特征。研究结果表明：希尔伯特-黄变换在对实际地震动记录进行特征提取后,得到的边际谱和时频谱可在一定程度上保留原始数据的主要信息,该方法可为类似破坏性浅源地震的强震动特征分析提供更有效的信息参数,保证了信号分解的稳定性,更适于处理非平稳信号,可为现代信号应用分析于强震动特征提供另一种新思路。     

一种实时场地校正方法及其在地震预警中的应用

地震预警系统对地震数据处理的实时性要求极高。其系统数据来源除布设在基岩的测震台站外,还有大量非基岩场地的强震动台站和地震烈度仪台站,其场地影响不容忽视。为了考虑震级估算和地震动场预测中的场地影响,需实时对各种场地条件下的地震波形进行校正。目前处理一般使用某个标量来表征场地放大效应。本文采用一种实时的场地校正方法,首先计算目标场地与参考场地的谱比,然后通过最小二乘法、双线性变换将谱比转化为因果递归的无限冲激响应(IIR)时域滤波器,之后可以应用该滤波器进行实时场地校正。该方法考虑了场地放大系数的频率依赖性,相比于标量校正提高了准确度。应用我国四川和日本部分强震动台站记录,验证并讨论了这种实时场地校正方法在地震预警中的应用效果。     

汶川MS8.0级地震前后ULF电磁辐射频谱特征研究

本文基于电磁波频谱理论研究方法,对2008年四川汶川M_S8.0地震前后金河、剑阁及郑州二砂三个电磁波台站的观测资料进行FFT和小波变换分析,研究了电磁辐射数据快速傅里叶频谱变化特征和在不同尺度下小波变化的分解,发现在汶川地震前确实有异常信息存在.结果表明:(1) FFT动态谱图像说明,地震前电磁波频谱变化特征较明显,在时间、频段上均显示了阶段性进程特征,且随着震中距的增大,辐射能量越小,异常出现的时间越晚;(2) 小波分解显示了地震前电磁波异常信号低频部分出现的时间较早;距震中较近的台站,异常信息在高频部分相对明显;距震中稍远的台站,异常信息在低频部分相对明显.