矿井瞬变电磁法在含水构造探测中的应用

阐述矿井瞬变电磁法的物性前提、方法理论及基本原理。简单讲述了引发矿井水害的直接因素。为排除此类安全隐患,利用矿井瞬变电磁法对掘进巷道进行超前探测。通过实例研究论证矿井瞬变电磁法对于地质异常预报工作具有较好的应用效果,可查明矿区隐伏地质灾害,在煤矿生产过程中起到了关键性的安全指导作用。     

长导线源瞬变电磁响应中激电效应的影响特征

长导线源瞬变电磁实际测量时,经常观测到二次场衰减曲线的"符号反转"现象,这主要由于激发极化效应(IP效应)引起,这种现象对瞬变电磁响应数据和解释的可靠性产生影响。为了探讨IP效应对瞬变电磁的影响规律,首先在均匀半空间中研究激电效应影响规律,得出影响瞬变电磁响应的主要参数,然后引入相对误差表征极化效应的影响程度,来研究典型层状模型中极化层厚度和极化层埋深对瞬变电磁响应影响规律,最后以某石墨矿区地质物性参数为基础,对受激电效应影响的长导线源瞬变电磁数据解释,研究激电效应对实测数据的影响。通过研究得出结论:在均匀半空间模型中,零频电阻率和极化率对瞬变电磁响应的影响较大;对层状模型和实测数据的研究发现,当极化层的厚度、埋深和电阻率在一定范围内影响最大,而且即使实测石墨矿的极化率远小于这里采用的极化率值,但造成的影响不可忽略,因此表明激电效应对瞬变电磁的影响是复杂的。     

综合电磁法在凤太二里河铅锌矿深部的找矿效果分析

二里河铅锌矿是凤太矿集区中具有代表性的重要铅锌矿床之一,近些年找矿方向转向已知矿体深部及外围。根据二里河地区地质、地球物理特征,结合多年在凤太地区的综合地球物理找矿工作,分析了回线源瞬变电磁法、电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法及广域电磁法在二里河地区的实际应用效果,对3种方法的特点和适用性进行总结,认为：回线源瞬变电磁法、电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法及广域电磁法在该地区深部找矿具有可行性;回线源瞬变电磁法对于圈定矿体水平位置具有较好的效果,电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法对低阻异常较为敏感,广域电磁法分辨率较高,同时探测深度可达到2 500 m。此外针对二里河矿区的找矿工作,提出物探工作建议：采用以广域电磁法和电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法为首选的综合电磁探测方法,同时应尽可能采用长剖面和面积性物探工作。     

瞬变电磁法在探测小窑采空区、陷落柱中的应用

通过矿区勘探的三个典型实例,介绍了使用CUGTEM-2002型瞬变电磁系统在探测小窑采空区积水和陷落柱方面的应用。根据瞬变电磁法对低阻地质体的灵敏性,采用在已知地质异常位置布设测线获取地质异常资料特征,然后推断整个测区资料成果的勘探方法,可取得较好的地质效果。实践证明,瞬变电磁法是探测金属矿体、小窑采空区等地质异常体的一种有效手段。     

冀东沉积变质型铁矿床瞬变电磁响应研究

本文介绍瞬变电磁方法在冀东沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用。根据冀东地区成矿地质背景,以及BIF型铁矿的矿体形态、产状、赋存部位、规模大小及含矿岩层特征,建立了层状模型、透镜体模型与向形模型三种地质模型。将地质模型转化为可处理的地球物理模型,按实际地质情况改变模型参数,完成了瞬变电磁的时域二维正演计算。分析了三种模型在多种情况下（低阻覆盖层、不同倾角、不同深度、发射源特征和不同电阻率）的瞬变电磁响应特征。结果表明,低阻覆盖层对于瞬变电磁场的扩散有一定的屏蔽作用,因而减小探测深度;随着矿体倾角的逐渐增大,瞬变电磁响应强度逐渐减弱,水平板状矿体比垂直板状矿体的响应要更为明显;勘探效果随着地质体埋深的增加而逐渐减弱;发射磁矩的大小对于瞬变电磁场的强弱产生直接影响,在实际应用中需要结合多方面因素,选择最佳的发射边长来达到最佳的勘查效果。利用冀东司家营地区进行的瞬变电磁勘察数据,研究了该地区铁矿床瞬变电磁响应特征,验证了上述模型的结论。     

Simulink在瞬变电磁场暂态过程分析中的应用

为了研究瞬变电磁场分布变化规律，在理论上推导了不同阻尼状态下的瞬变电磁暂态响应方程，并采用Simulink对瞬变电磁场暂态过程进行模拟仿真，设计开发了激励电流、发射回线、地质异常体、接收回线等效电路模块和互感关系模块；系统研究了电感、分布电容和电阻对发射和接收回线等效电路的影响。结果表明:发射回线的阻尼状态决定了瞬变电磁场激励波形特点，接收回线的阻尼状态则直接影响瞬变电磁场的衰减特征和观测质量。电路仿真结果对于抑制非地质因素的影响和指导瞬变电磁观测系统设计具有重要意义。      

航空瞬变电磁法在新疆阿奇山地区铅锌多金属找矿中的应用研究

根据新疆阿奇山地区矿化岩石和围岩间存在明显电性差异的特征,在区内开展了大比例尺的航空瞬变电磁测量工作。本文根据测量结果综合评述了区内航空瞬变电磁特征并筛选了3处航电异常,其中1处航电异常位置与阿奇山铅锌矿相吻合,根据该异常特征推断了矿体的产状及延伸。在重点分析已知矿床地质、航电特征的基础上,在研究区内圈定了两处找矿靶区。航空瞬变电磁法在本区应用效果显著,值得在寻找与低阻体有关的铅锌多金属找矿工作中推广应用。     

衡阳盆地北缘盐田桥矿区铜多金属矿地质-地球物理找矿模型研究

盐田桥铜多金属矿床位于衡阳盆地北缘茶恩寺铅锌多金属成矿区,区内成矿地质条件优越。本文总结了矿区内岩(矿)石物性特征,研究了岩(矿)石物性组合模型,激电中梯异常、激电测深异常及高频大地电磁异常(EH4)特征,并结合矿床地质特征,初步建立了盐田桥矿床地质-地球物理勘探找矿模型,以期指导矿床深部及其外围同类型矿床地质找矿工作。     

湘西李梅铅锌矿区矿床地质特征与控矿要素

以湘西花垣铅锌矿田李梅矿区为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,通过野外地质勘查、剖面实测、构造测量,分别从成矿背景、赋矿特点、矿区构造、矿体特征、矿石组构等方面进行了总结,进一步明确了李梅矿区矿床地质特征;对李梅矿区成矿控矿因素进行了相应探讨,分析了构造作用在矿床地质特征中的诸多响应,认为构造断裂和裂隙构成了矿区的主要导矿、容矿空间,是该铅锌矿区主要的控矿要素,而且很可能是区域成矿的主要作用.     

滇西大平掌铜多金属矿地球物理特征及异常模型

大平掌铜多金属矿是滇西典型的火山喷流沉积矿床。总结了矿区电性特征,激电中梯异常、激电测深异常、高频大地电磁法（EH-4）异常及瞬变电磁法（TEM）异常特征,结合矿床地质特征,建立大平掌矿床物探异常模型,以期指导矿区深部和外围同类矿床找矿工作。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861