青龙山榴辉岩的退变质显微结构及相关的物质迁移——南苏鲁榴辉岩退变质过程中流体活动的证据

对南苏鲁青龙山榴辉岩的扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜的详细观察表明，其峰期矿物组合为石榴石 绿辉石Ⅰ 蓝晶石 金红石( 柯石英)，基本无含水矿物，并被第二期矿物(或组合)逐步替代，形成后成合晶或冠状体假像，即：绿辉石Ⅰ→绿辉石Ⅱ 钠长石 铁氧化物后成合晶，金红石→金红石 钛铁矿，蓝晶石→钠云母。第二期矿物又被第三期矿物(组合)替代：绿辉石Ⅱ( 钠长石 铁氧化物)→角闪石( 斜长石 铁氧化物)，石榴石→韭闪石 铁氧化物。绿帘石与石英是最晚期流体沿微裂隙活动的产物。详细的矿物成分分析及成分迁移估算结果显示，早期后成合晶的形成过程产生多余的Fe、Mg、Na，但消耗部分Ca、Si。产生的Mg、Fe迁移到石榴石边部，引发石榴石内部的(Mg，Fe)／Ca交换，在石榴石颗粒中形成向边部Ca降低、Mg和Fe升高的成分环带。交代产生的Ca被后成合晶消耗，而后成合晶产生的Na被替代蓝晶石的钠云母消耗。在退变质作用晚期，更多流体进入榴辉岩，引发流体渗滤交代反应，无水的早期后成合晶被含水后成合晶(角闪石 斜长石 铁氧化物)替代，同时在石榴石边部形成角闪石 少量铁氧化物反应边。成分迁移估算显示，上述两个过程的成分变化具有一定程度的耦合性。矿物反应曲线、THERMOCALC计算确定的P-T轨迹显示，青龙山榴辉岩的退变质过程主要发生在高压条件(低地温梯度)下，明显不同于北苏鲁地区榴辉岩。这种热演化特点的差异暗示南北苏鲁超高压变质块体可能具有不同的回返历史。     

变质作用P—T—t轨迹的热模拟及其研究现状

近10年来,变质作用的研究工作已从与构造环境相联系的变质相系研究逐渐发展到了与构造演化或地球动力学相联系的P-T-t轨迹研究的新阶段。由于新的地质温压测量技术的进展,通过分析岩石中环带矿物的成分,经过计算可以得出变质作用的P-T-t轨迹(Spear 1989)。用这种方法,可以通过分析记录于岩石中的信息反推岩石的形成过程及所经历的构造运动。除此之外,还可以从相反的思路来考虑问题,即用一系列基本     

冀东地区英云闪长质片麻岩的变质结构、P-T-t和水活度

通过英云闪长质片麻岩变质结构的研究,把变质作用分为四个演化阶段,用三组分五个矿物相ACF体系P-T成因格子表示了这个演化过程。四个变质阶段矿物地质温度和压力计算结果构成了逆时针P-T-t轨迹。角闪石生成二辉石的平衡反应计算表明,主期变质水活度明显高于峰期变质水活度。水活度越高角闪石向二辉石转化温度越高,因此水活度是麻粒岩相变质作用的独立因素之一。     

豫南中温榴辉岩中角闪石的变质演化

在该区中温榴辉岩的各个演化阶段中，出现了不同成分的角闪石。石榴石环带及其核部的闪石等矿物包囊体记录了前榴辉阶段及其进变质演化的特征。在榴岩阶段晚期，蓝闪石稳定出现，其成分环带反映了压力降低的连续过程；角闪石－斜长石后成合晶为石榴石和绿辉石的退变质产物；退变质后期，钙质闪石大量出现。角闪石的矿物组合及其成分变化，反映了中温榴辉岩的顺时针变质演化过程。     

松树沟榴闪岩中的石榴石和角闪石成分环带特征及岩石变质过程

陕西商南松树沟超镁铁质岩体周缘的榴闪岩中的石榴石和角闪石保存着良好的成分环带．这些成分环带及其矿物世代的成分变异表明，榴闪岩经历了区域绿片岩相和高压角闪榴辉岩相两期变质作用．高压变质作用的Ｐ－Ｔ趋势呈特征的发荚型轨迹，这种样式的Ｐ－Ｔ轨迹可为晋宁期间秦岭带局部存在板块构造体制提供重要的变质作用证据．     

辽河群的变质阶段与P-T-t轨迹问题

有些文献将辽河群中不同变质级别的矿物组合看成不同阶段的矿物组合,实际上它们是异地异时异相,是空间上的并列关系,不是时间上的更迭关系,更不应该将空间上并列的不同变质级别的矿物组合温压条件的连线当成P-T-t轨迹.这种连线是野外变质梯度,它与P-T-t轨迹大角度相交.把野外变质梯度当成变质作用P-T-t轨迹来讨论辽河群变质作用演化是不合适的.     

东秦岭秦岭岩群中角闪石环带所记录的pTt轨迹

东秦岭秦岭岩群是一套中深变质结晶岩系，主要由片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、变粒岩和大理岩组成。秦岭岩群中角闪石多具成分环带，由角闪石成分环带确定的ｐＴｔ轨迹由三段组成：①等压升温轨迹，②等压降温轨迹，③降温降压轨迹。同位素年代学表明东秦岭秦岭岩群曾经历晋宁和加里东两个变质旋回，在晋宁旋回晚期形成等压升温轨迹，在加里东旋回早期形成等温降压轨迹，晚期形成降温降压轨迹。     

海南岛屯昌晨星地区变基性岩体变质特征及构造意义

海南岛屯昌晨星地区变基性岩体原岩可能包括辉长岩(粗粒的斜长角闪岩)、辉长-辉绿岩(中细粒和中粗粒的斜长角闪岩)和枕状熔岩(细粒或块状斜长角闪岩)。由于受多期变质和蚀变作用的影响,组成这些岩石的多数矿物如角闪石、斜长石和绿泥石等常表现两个或两个以上的世代。角闪石环带矿物化学分析表明,从核到边,钛、铝、(钠 钾)含量增长,反映了压力和温度同时升高的进变质演化过程;相反,角闪石环带从核部到边部钛、铝和钾 钠含量降低,则暗示温度和压力同时降低而进入另一个退变质演化阶段。所获得的 Sm-Nd 全岩及角闪石的内部等时线年龄为128±12 Ma、Rb-Sr 全岩等时线年龄分别为131.8±6.2 Ma和344±11Ma。根据角闪石环带、矿物共生组合、微结构以及变质温压条件的半定量计算和同位素定年,屯昌晨星地区变基性岩体的变质作用可能经历了三个演化阶段。第一阶段(～527～450 Ma)可能记录了与洋底变质作用有关的(亚)绿片岩相至角闪岩相条件,早期的阳起石、钙质角闪石及镁铁质角闪石残余核为该阶段的产物;第二阶段(～330～240 Ma)进变质作用达到高峰的P=～0.9 GPa、T=～700℃,显示了过渡的高角闪石相-麻粒岩相变质条件。广泛的剪切变形及韭闪质普通角闪石-韭闪石边是该阶段的产物;第三阶段(～130 Ma～90 Ma)显示一个绿片岩相变质条件(P=～0.1～0.3 GPa、7=～300～400℃),可能与区域/热接触变质有关。因而屯昌晨星地区变基性岩体的变质作用演化显示了一个逆时针 P-T-t 轨迹,最可能与古太平洋板块俯冲导致的大陆边缘裂解及洋壳化和随后的年轻洋壳消亡、陆(华南大陆)-陆(印支板块)碰撞事件有关。     

拉萨地块松多超高压变质带含石榴石云母石英片岩的变质演化相平衡模拟

拉萨地块松多超高压变质带含石榴石白云母石英片岩为榴辉岩的围岩,岩石的矿物组合为石榴石、白云母、钠长石、绿泥石、石英及少量金红石、榍石。石榴石具有明显的成分环带,从核部到幔部Xprp=[Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]缓慢升高,Xsps=[Mn/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]逐渐降低,表明石榴石从核部到幔部的成分记录了温度逐渐升高的进变质过程;幔部到边部,Xprp=[Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]略微降低,Xgrs=[Ca/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]明显升高,Xsps=[Mn/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]先升高后降低,表明石榴石边部成分受到了退变质作用改造,呈现扩散环带的特征。利用Thermocalc变质相平衡计算软件在Mn NCKFMASHO体系下计算出含石榴石云母石英片岩的P-T、P-M(H2O)视剖面图,结合石榴石镁铝榴石等值线、钙铝榴石等值线及饱和水含量等值线限定出含石榴石云母石英片岩的峰期变质条件为约27×105k Pa,523/580℃,对应的峰期矿物组合为(g-Jd-Cr-Law(+Phn+q/Coe+H2O)。石榴石核部到幔部成分记录了主要的进变质演化,结合饱和水等值线的变化,判断进变质阶段为升温升压的冷俯冲过程,岩石经历了蓝片岩相至榴辉岩相的变质演化;P-M(H2O)视剖面图及饱和水等值线反映了岩石在减压中的流体行为,通过其变化特征可以确定岩石在峰期之后先经历近等温降压的早期退变质过程,晚期降温降压的退变轨迹则由石榴石边部成分所确定,此过程中,岩石发生了角闪岩相至绿帘角闪岩相变质,并在后期经历了绿片岩相变质叠加。近等温降压的退变质过程反映了快速抬升的构造运动过程,早期硬玉转变为钠长石可能发生在这个阶段。对比含石榴石云母石英片岩与榴辉岩的P-T轨迹,峰期变质温压及变质演化特征,提出含石榴石云母石英片岩曾经历过高压变质,结合野外相互伴生的地质关系,认为该片岩与榴辉岩经历了相同或者相似的俯冲折返过程。     

通化集安群石榴子石和黑云母微区化学成分特征及其对变质作用p-T-t轨迹的指示意义

集安群片麻岩中石榴子石和黑云母接触带两侧边缘广泛发育Fe－Mg交换反应所形成的扩散环带,但晶体内部各自保持变质峰期的成分,中温带石榴子石可保留生长环带。经微区化学成分详细研究后,正确运用Grt－Bt温度计获得进变质阶段,变质高峰期和修期后Fe－Mg交换反应停止时的温度条件。按石榴子石和斜长石的微区钙含量变化确定了峰期和退变质阶段压力。据此建立起逆时针形式的变质作用p－T－t轨迹,反映该区早元古代陆壳内裂陷带的闭合过程。     

Major element distribution in Archean banded iron formation (BIF): influence of metamorphic differentiation

The Archean (2.8 Ga) Banded Iron Formation (BIF) of the Bell Lake region of Yellowknife greenstone belt, Canada is recrystallized to metamorphic assemblages of the amphibolite facies. This BIF is characterized by centimetre‐scale Fe‐rich and Si‐rich mesobands. In the Si‐rich mesobands, thin layers of magnetite microbands are developed in a quartz matrix. The Fe‐rich mesobands are composed mainly of Ca‐amphibole (hornblende), Fe–Mg amphibole (grunerite), and magnetite. The metamorphic foliation locally cuts across the mesoband boundaries, indicating the mesobanding was formed prior to peak metamorphism. Variations in mineral modal proportions between Fe‐rich mesobands and microbands are diagnostic of depositional compositional differences between beds. Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence imaging reveals metamorphic differentiation within Fe‐rich mesobands, with segregation of Fe–Mg amphibole, and the incompatible element Mn is concentrated at the margins of the Fe‐rich mesobands during the amphibole‐forming reactions. Ti was relatively immobile during metamorphic segregation and its distribution provides a record of the original structures in the Fe‐rich mesobands.     

冀东马兰峪地区韧性剪切带的变质作用与石英蠕变的关系

角闪石成分环带记录的P-T-t轨迹显示本区早期至中期变质阶段具有等压升温、主期至峰期接近等温升压、晚期快速减压降温的特点。与之同时的变形石英反映的各个变质阶段的超微构造,以及本区的褶皱构造,说明变质作用不同时期,变肜的强弱和变形机制是不同的,不同时期的滑移系和影响滑移的水致弱化行为的强弱也是不同的。     

Qualitative thermobarometry of inverted metamorphism in the Pelona and Rand Schists, southern California, using calciferous amphibole in mafic schist

Abstract The Rand and Pelona Schists consist of eugeoclinal rock types overlain by continental basement along the Vincent-Chocolate Mountains (VCM) faults. Both schists display inverted metamorphic zonation, defined in part by a systematic variation in composition of calcic to sodic-calcic amphibole in mafic schist structurally upward. The compositional progressions include increase of total A1, A1^IV and Ti, but decrease in the ratios of Na/(Na + Ca) to A1/(A1 + Si), and Na^M4 to (A1^VI+ Fe³⁺+ Ti). These variations imply that structurally high rocks belong to a lower-pressure metamorphic fades series than those at depth. This result is consistent with previous views that the inverted metamorphic zonations represent intact structural sequences.
Amphibole composition is dependent not only on structural position (i.e. P-T ), but also upon bulk-rock composition. The important controls are whole-rock Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺+ Mn) and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺. The greatest impact of these factors, however, is on the absolute values of Na and Al, rather than their ratio. Thus, interpretation of facies series is not seriously hindered by compositional variability.
Sodic amphibole in epidote blueschists from the Rand Schist is extensively replaced by sodic-calcic amphibole. Sodic-calcic amphibole in the Rand Schist and Pelona Schist is, itself, rimmed by actinolitic amphibole. Similar blueschist to greenschist transitions in other metamorphic terranes are typically attributed to exhumation. In the Rand and Pelona Schists, the sequence probably formed during burial.     

东昆仑早古生代变质演化:来自浪木日石榴斜长角闪岩的记录SCIEI北大核心CSCD

东昆仑造山带近年来被厘定为早古生代高压-超高压变质带。带内广泛出露早古生代的中-高级变质基性岩,这些岩石记录了不同的变质温压和多期的变质年龄,是反演和制约东昆仑早古生代变质演化的重要样品。本文选取东昆仑浪木日地区的石榴斜长角闪岩为研究对象,开展了变质岩石学及锆石年代学研究。石榴斜长角闪岩呈团块状出露在黑云二长片麻岩中,主要组成矿物为石榴子石、角闪石、斜长石、透辉石和石英,含少量黑云母、绿泥石、金红石、钛铁矿和榍石。石榴子石变斑晶的核部含有绿帘石、角闪石、斜长石、金红石和石英包裹体,其成分从核部到边部,锰铝榴石逐渐降低、钙铝榴石和Mg/(Mg+Fe;)比值逐渐升高,为进变质作用形成的环带。岩石中的矿物结构关系和成分特征显示其经历了进变质、峰期变质和退变质三个阶段的变质演化,变质温压分别为:T≈610℃和P≈6.5kbar、T≈700℃和P≈10.5kbar以及T≈650℃和P≈4.5kbar。这三阶段的变质作用构成顺时针的变质P-T轨迹,指示岩石经历进变质升温升压至峰期阶段,随后经历近等温降压的退变质阶段。同时该P-T轨迹特征表明岩石形成于俯冲-碰撞的构造背景。对石榴斜长角闪岩中的锆石进行SIMS U-Pb定年,得到492.8±5.1Ma的谐和年龄。锆石的形态特征与典型的变质锆石一致,其内包裹的石榴子石、角闪石和斜长石组合与岩石的峰期矿物组合一致。因此,锆石在峰期变质阶段结晶,所测年龄~493Ma为角闪岩相峰期变质年龄。本文研究的石榴斜长角闪岩与该区高压-超高压榴辉岩在野外产状、P-T轨迹和变质年龄等方面密切相关,暗示ca.490Ma是该区高压-超高压变质作用的一个重要时间节点。石榴斜长角闪岩和榴辉岩之间的变质差异,表明东昆仑早古生代经历了多阶段的变质作用,不同岩石记录了原特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞过程的不同阶段。本文获得的变质P-T轨迹和变质年龄可为进一步探究东昆仑早古生代高压-超高压变质作用提供限定。     

一种新的闪石共存对—铁闪石与铁韭闪石对

新近在我国山西省娄烦县尖山铁矿的角闪片岩中发现一种取向连生的镁铁质闪石与钙质闪石共存对。电子探针分析确定它们分别为铁闪石Ｋ０．００１（Ｎａ０．０２７Ｃａ０．０７３Ｍｎ０．０３１Ｆｅ＾２＋１．８０１）１．９３２（Ｆｅ＾２＋２．９４８Ｍｇ１．９６４Ｔｉ０．００２Ａｌ０．０８７）５Ｓｉ８．０６９Ｏ２２．１０（ＯＨ）２与铁韭闪石（Ｋ０．１３５Ｎａ０．４６１）０．５９６（Ｎａ０．０８８Ｃａ１．８５３Ｍｎ０．     

Petrology and zircon U–Pb dating of well‐preserved eclogites from the Thongmön area in central Himalaya and their tectonic implications

The discovery of eclogites is reported within the Great Himalayan Crystalline Complex in the Thongmön area, central Himalaya, and their metamorphic evolution is deciphered by petrographic studies, pseudosection modelling, and zircon dating. For the first time, omphacite has been found in the matrix of eclogites taken from a metamorphic mafic lens. Two groups of garnet have been identified in the Thongmön eclogites on the basis of major and rare earth elements and mineral inclusions. Core and intermediate sections of garnet represent Grt I, in which the major elements (Ca, Mg, and Fe) show a nearly homogenous distribution with little or weak zonation. This Grt I displays an almost flat chondrite‐normalized HREE pattern, and the main inclusions are amphibole, apatite, quartz, and abundant omphacite. Grt II, forms thin rims on large garnet grains, and is characterized by rim‐ward Ca decrease and Mg increase and MREE enrichment relative to HREE and LREE. No amphibole inclusions are found in Grt II, indicating the decomposition of amphibole contributed to its MREE enrichment. Two metamorphic stages, recorded by matrix minerals and inclusions in garnet and zircon, outline the burial of the Thongmön eclogites and progressive metamorphic processes to the pressure peak: (a) the assemblage of amphibole–garnet–omphacite–phengite–rutile–quartz, with the phengite interpreted as having been replaced by Bt+Pl symplectites, represents the prograde amphibole eclogite facies stage M1₍₁₎, (b) in the peak eclogite facies [stage M1₍₂₎], amphibole was lost and melting started. Based on the compositions of garnet and omphacite inclusions, M1₍₁₎ is constrained to 19–20 kbar and 640–660°C and M1₍₂₎ occurred at >21 kbar, >750°C, with appearance of melt and its entrapment in metamorphic zircon. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircon from two eclogite samples yielded consistent metamorphic ages of 16.7 ± 0.6 Ma and 17.1 ± 0.4 Ma respectively. The metamorphic zircon grew concurrently with Grt II in the peak eclogite facies. Thongmön eclogites characterized by the prograde metamorphism from amphibolite facies to eclogite facies were formed by the continuing continental subduction of Indian plate beneath the Euro‐Asian continent in the Miocene.     

Contrasted modes of amphibole development in coronitic metagabbros: a TEM investigation

A TEM investigation of amphibole development in granulitic metagabbros is presented. Three different sites of amphibole nucleation and growth are observed: (i) in the clinopyroxene-plagioclase interphase boundaries, corresponding to a reconstructive transformation involving intercrystalline diffusion; (ii) along pyroxene fractures, with competition between inter- and intracrystalline diffusion; (iii) within the pyroxene crystals, through a topotactic conversion, controlled by intracrystalline diffusion. These different reaction sites are studied in order to discuss some aspects of reaction mechanisms within undeformed metamorphic rocks, putting into balance intracrystalline versus intercrystalline processes. According to the possible paths (crystal lattice and its defects, fractures and mineral interfaces), contrasted amounts of reaction products, together with different amphibole compositions are evidenced. These results indicate that the diffusion rate of Al, Fe, Mg and OH is the rate controlling factor for amphibole-forming reaction.     

Mineralogy of New Caledonian metamorphic rocks

The chemistry and phase relations of calcic and sodic amphiboles in the Ouégoa blueschists are investigated. The first appearance of sodic amphiboles is controlled by bulkrock chemistry. Sodic amphibole appears first in weakly-metamorphosed pumpellyite metabasalts prior to the crystallization of lawsonite but does not crystallize in pelitic schists until the middle of the lawsonite zone; sodic amphibole continues as an apparently stable phase in rocks of all bulk compositions into, and throughout, the highest-grade rocks in the district. Calcic amphibole is widespread in metabasalts of the lawsonite and epidote zones and also occurs in metasediments of appropriate composition. Coexisting pairs of calcic and sodic amphiboles are common in metabasalts but they have also been found in some metasediments. A grunerite-riebeckite pair is described.Electron-probe analyses of 120 amphiboles from representative rock-types are presented in graphical form. Sodic amphiboles show an increased Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio with increasing metamorphic grade. Sodic amphiboles in pelitic schists are ferroglaucophane in the lawsonite zone and crossite and glaucophane in the epidote zone. Sodic amphiboles in metabasalts are iron-rich crossites in weakly-metamorphosed rocks and more-magnesian crossites and glaucophanes in the lawsonite and epidote zones. The abrupt increase in Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio in sodic amphiboles at the epidote isograd is attributed to the crystallization of epidote and almandine which take the place of lawsonite and spessartine of the lawsonite zone. Calcic amphiboles are fibrous actinolites in the lawsonite zone and grade with increasing Al and Na/Ca ratio into prismatic blue-green hornblendes (barroisites) in the upper epidote zone. In calcic amphiboles, increasing metamorphic grade effects the coupled substitution of (Na+Al) for (Ca+Mg) and a small increases in Fe/Mg ratio; octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated Al increases in an approximately 11 ratio. Both the calcic and the sodic amphiboles show an increase in A-site occupancy with increasing metamorphic grade. In two-amphibole assemblages Ti, Mn and K are concentrated in the calcic amphibole.The textural and chemical relations between coexisting calcic and sodic amphiboles are discussed. If the calcic and sodic amphiboles are an equilibrium pair then the data collected from the Ouégoa amphiboles gives a picture of a very asymmetric solvus in the system glaucophane-actinolite-hornblende, i.e. steep-sided to glaucophane and with a gentle slope to the calcic amphibole field; there is no indication of any termination of the solvus under the pressure-temperature conditions of crystallization of the Ouégoa schists.     

金平棉花地钛磁铁矿大坡矿段成矿条件

基性-超基性岩浆杂岩是区内钛磁铁矿床的母岩体,矿体产于岩体中及边部,凤港组角闪斜长片麻岩和黑云斜长片麻岩是有利围岩,矿床成因属岩浆晚期结晶分异-变质矿床。预测本区有中-大型铁矿规模的找矿前景。