基于同步挤压小波变换的烃类识别技术

利用频谱分解得到的频率能量数据体进行属性提取,是烃类检测的常用手段之一.同步挤压小波变换能够提供高分辨率的时频谱,具有较好的应用潜力.本文以同步挤压小波变换为基础,提出了一套烃类检测方法,包括低频阴影检测、流体流动性估计以及高频能量衰减等,通过自适应选取优势频段,实现了多属性联合高精度刻画烃类的分布范围.实际资料处理结果与现有钻井情况吻合,具有较好的实用性,实现了对储层位置的高精度描述,对指导油气田开发具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

四分量钻孔应变干扰特征时频域研究

时频分析是分析应变数据的主要方法,采用小波变换和S变换,对山西代县和繁峙地震台的四分量钻孔应变仪受雷电、大风干扰的观测数据进行时频分析.结果发现,通过秒采样数据时频谱来识别雷电信号的能力优于分钟值数据,分钟值数据时频特征用来反应大风干扰信号的能力优于秒值数据;S变换在高、低频部分的时间分辨率均优于小波变换.通过小波变换...     

基于MATLAB的定点形变观测数据时频分析软件设计及应用研究

为方便台站工作人员快速准确分析定点形变观测数据的时频响应特征,利用MATLAB软件研发了基于小波分析和同步挤压时频变换的交互式数据处理与成图软件包。该软件包遵循模块化设计原则,利用导入模块读取从中国地震前兆台网数据处理系统下载的原始数据,利用预处理模块对缺失数据进行插值补全,利用小波分解与重构模块从原始数据中提取待分析的目标信号分量,利用同步挤压时频分析模块对提取目标进行高精度时频分析,并在各模块关键节点中增加绘图功能,全部处理过程采用绘图-参数输入-绘图交互的方式进行,参数灵活可调,且每步计算结果直观清晰。应用该软件包对2020年1月至2021年6月西昌小庙台DSQ型水管仪和SS-Y型伸缩仪整时值采样数据进行固体潮时频计算,并与理论固体潮时频结果进行对比,结合时频辅助分析方法,从时频谱角度初步评价了2套仪器观测资料的质量情况,为台站日常数据跟踪分析提供了参考。     

同步挤压广义S变换在南海油气识别中的应用

受窗函数的影响,短时傅里叶变换、小波变换、S变换等传统时频分析方法的分辨率不高.为了提高信号时频变换分辨率,发展了同步挤压小波变换算法;该算法将信号的时频谱值向其中心频率位置挤压,改善了信号时频分析结果,使得信号时频分辨率得到了很大的提升.但由于传统算法时窗固定,处理缺乏灵活性;因此,本文对S变换窗函数进行扩展,提出了同步挤压广义S变换.通过自适应窗函数挤压信号在S域的时频谱值,提高了算法的灵活性和时频分析聚焦能力.运用同步挤压广义S变换对南海某工区实际地震数据进行分频处理,结果显示含油气层能量随着频率的增加而逐渐衰减.因此,使用同步挤压广义S变换对地震数据进行分析处理,不仅可以对储层含油气性进行准确的检测,还可以对地层进行精确的标定.     

基于频谱分解的碳酸盐岩储层识别

频谱分解技术是将地震信号从时间域转换到频率域,分析频率对不同尺度地质体的振幅、相位响应特征的一项技术.频谱分解能够得到高于传统分辨率的解释结果,提高刻画储层分布的能力.本文详述了短时傅里叶变换、连续小波变换和S变换的数学原理及适用性:短时傅里叶变换使用固定时窗,不能根据信号的变化调整分辨率,只适合分析分段平稳或近似平稳的信号;连续小波变换使用移动的、尺度可变的小波作为时窗,具有多分辨率特点,但是实际中选择能反映信号特征的小波函数不易;S变换使用频率的倒数来调节时窗,具有多分辨率特征,对数据处理的适应性较强.将这三种方法分别应用于碳酸盐岩储层发育区,利用靠近地震主频的35 Hz分频剖面,分析了不同时窗大小的短时傅里叶变换效果,不同类型小波的连续小波变换效果,并对比了不同频谱分解算法对储层的描述精度.通过分析得出分频剖面比常规地震剖面更有利于储层识别,且S变换效果最好.     

利用小波变换方法识别山西形变异常信息

文章主要根据小波变换方法在不同尺度时细节的变化特征,通过一些震例对山西数字形变资料进行分析研究,发现,经过小波变换处理后的数据在细节部分达到第5层、第6层时,震前资料会显示出比较同步的长周期信号,这为识别和提取数字洞体形变资料中的趋势异常和短期异常提供了新的探索思路和方法。     

内蒙古中部地区形变主要干扰的时频响应特征分析

选取内蒙古中部地区定点形变观测中受降雨、大风、气压干扰以及地震波影响的典型数据,采用S变换,对该地区形变观测中4种主要干扰信号的时频响应特征进行分析与讨论。结果表明,降雨干扰信号主要集中在低频区域,其频率先增大后减小;大风干扰表现为高频干扰,时频域能量强度与观测曲线受风扰影响变化幅度成正比;气压干扰信号的优势频率分布在低频段内;地震波影响中VP垂直摆和JCZ地震计记录的地震波较为相似,但VP垂直摆记录的频段要小于JCZ地震计,VP垂直摆主要记录的是低频地震波。同时,4种干扰信号的时频域频率、能量强度随时间变化趋势与数据观测时域变化趋势相一致。     

基于解析信号重构的同步挤压小波变换的时频谱影响因素分析

受测不准原理的制约,小波变换、S变换等时频分析算法无法同时获得高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率。为了满足更高的要求,出现了一种联合小波变换和时频谱重组的新方法—同步挤压小波变换。本文从同步挤压小波变换和基于解析信号重构的同步挤压小波变换的原理出发,通过模型分析算法中参数设置对时频分析结果的影响,包括小波母函数、小波母函数的参数选择和小波阈值等,分析瞬时频率变化率不为零的信号所存在的时频谱模糊现象,并通过控制小波母函数、小波母函数参数以及小波阈值有效地减轻瞬时频率变化率不为零的信号所存在的时频谱模糊现象,时频谱的质量得到一定程度的提高。研究结果对获取高分辨率地震时频谱具有一定的指导意义。      

基于SS-CWT和Yoon-V自适应阈值的弱振幅微震分频降噪方法

多发于采空区的弱振幅微震信号具有强度弱、不平稳、噪源强的特点,基于同步挤压小波变换(SS-CWT)及Yoon-V自适应阈值提出分频降噪方法.首先,SS-CWT重构含噪信号,位于高能噪声的频段使用软阈值降噪;其次,为保留高低频逆转换的有效信息,选用合适的参数进行Yoon-V自适应阈值降噪.该方法相比传统小波变换具有分辨率高的优势,相较经验模态分析(EMD)而言更能提取信号中的弱振幅分量.最后用SS-CWT时频谱对比分析降噪前后信号特征,并用复合变异系数定权T值法对本次降噪效果进行评价,本文方法很好的保留有效信息,降噪效果显著.     

水位动态周期性干扰的小波方法分析研究

1 小波分解与重构 对任意信号,离散小波变换是将信号分为低频部分和高频过程.近似主要是系统的低频成分,细节是高频成分.本研究中,对水位数据出现周期性变化的数据进行小波分解和重构,得到剔除干扰后的曲线,并对重构后的水位数据进行再次分解,得到其噪声特征信息.     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Evolutionary Changes in the Configuration of the Magnetic Field of the Solar Corona in the Epoch of the Minimum

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the...