钛闪石的高压结构及其地质意义

利用同步辐射EDXD方法和DAc高压技术对采于新疆天山碱性玄武岩地幔捕虏体中的钛闪石进行了原位高压(达25．4GPa)结构研究：在室温下，随着压力的增加，钛闪石的轴长a、b、c被逐渐压缩；当压力为18、9GPa时，钛闪石可能由于“脱水”而导致结构发生相变，此相变应属于可逆的二级相变。结合钛闪石的地质产状，我们认为，钛闪石在上地幔一定深度范围内可以保持稳定，是上地幔中重要的含水矿物相之一，其被携带到地表是一个非常快速的过程，本文的结果对某些含钛矿物的高压行为研究提供了一定的参考。     

常温高压条件天然水锰矿同步辐射X射线衍射实验

地球内部含水矿物的相关实验研究与名义上无水矿物的研究一样,对于正确理解地球内部水的分布与循环以及地球内部的物理化学性质和地球动力学性质具有同样重要的意义。同时,地球内部的水在地球演化中也起着非常重要的作用,它不仅会影响地球内部矿物岩石的物理化学性质,而且还对地球深部矿物岩石的电学性质,弹性性质等地球物理学性质以及板块运动,地幔对流及出现地震波不连续面等地球物理过程有着重要的影响。水锰矿,化学式为Mn O(OH),单斜晶系,为锰的氢氧化物矿物。到目前为止,对于水铝石(δ-Al OOH),纤铁矿(ε-FeO OH)等氢氧化物矿物在高压条件下的稳定性以及弹性性质的研究已较为广泛,但是对于与之具有相似拓扑结构的水锰矿(γ-Mn OOH)的高压弹性性质的相关研究却很少。同时,截至到目前,水锰矿的空间群结构也没有获得统一的认识。基于水锰矿高压下弹性性质以及晶体结构研究的重要性,本文利用金刚石压腔高压装置(DAC)和同步辐射角度色散X射线衍射技术,在室温、最高压力达12.74 GPa条件下,对天然的粉末水锰矿样品进行了原位高压X射线衍射研究。在0~12.74 GPa压力范围内未发现天然水锰矿发生相变。通过三阶Brich-Murnaghan状态方程对获得的不同实验压力条件下的晶胞参数和晶胞体积数据进行状态方程拟合,得到了空间群为P21/c的水锰矿的零压体积V0=135.46(4)3,零压下的等温体积模量K0=86(2)GPa,体积模量的压力导数K’0=6.8(6)。同时获得了天然水锰矿各个轴向的体积模量分别为:Kao=93(4)GPa,Kb0=62(5)GPa,Kc0=82(4)GPa,说明天然水锰矿为轴向压缩各向异性矿物,其中a轴最难压缩,c轴其次,b轴最易压缩。同时,通过与前人B21/d空间群水锰矿实验结果的对比,本文认为二者在各轴向上压缩性质的差异可能为氢键位置的不同所导致的。另外,将水锰矿的体积模量值分别与水锰矿脱水产物相-软锰矿(β-Mn O2)和与水锰矿具有相似拓扑结构的M3+OOH型氢氧化物进行了对比。我们认为氢键的存在以及水含量上的差异可能是造成水锰矿与软锰矿在体积模量上差异巨大的原因,而水锰矿与不同的M3+OOH型结构氢氧化物在压缩性质上的差别则可能由中心原子电负性的差异所导致。中心原子电负性的差异形成不同强度的化学键,进而造成它们压缩性质的差异。     

内蒙古黄岗梁不同色调鱼眼石的谱学特征及高压X射线衍射光谱研究

通过对内蒙古黄岗梁地区不同色调绿色鱼眼石样品的基础宝石学特征、 X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、 红外光谱、拉曼光谱等多方面综合分析,系统探讨了不同色调绿色鱼眼石的化学成分和谱学特征。通过高压X射线衍射(HPXRD)光谱测试,深入剖析了该矿物在高压环境下的晶体结构特征,为揭示鱼眼石在地质运动中再次俯冲进入地壳后的稳定存在深度提供了关键线索。研究结果表明,内蒙古黄岗梁地区的鱼眼石属于氟鱼眼石, Fe³⁺和结晶水的含量对绿色鱼眼石的色调深浅产生显著影响。在HPXRD实验中,随着压力的升高,鱼眼石的轴长和晶胞体积逐渐减小,特别是c轴的压缩率较a轴更高。在9.0 GPa和15.3 GPa两个压力节点上,观察到压缩率的突变,伴随着新衍射峰的出现以及旧衍射峰的分裂和消失。这一发现揭示了鱼眼石晶体在高压环境中发生的两次明显相变过程。本研究为鉴定鱼眼石、寻找矿物资源提供了有力的科学依据,同时为鱼眼石在地质学领域的进一步研究提供了新的视角和认识。     

方钠石的原位高压X射线研究

在室温下使用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置和同步辐射光源，对架状硅酸盐矿物方钠石进行了原位高压X射线衍射实验，最高压力达到17．4GPa。在研究的压力范围内观察到在3GPa左右方钠石发生了一次相变，且压力大于6．3GPa时，d222出现异常增大。对方钠石在高压下相变以及d222增大的原因进行了分析，认为方钠石结构中存在着充填大阳离子的多面体笼和孔道，高压下这些笼和孔道容易扭曲变形，从而造成结构的改变。     

可能产于消减带中的两种新的含水超高压铝硅酸盐矿物

基于以往的实验和热动力学研究,象高岭土、叶腊石这样的含水铝硅酸盐矿物稳定的压力上限为3.0GPa。在Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O(ASH)体系中,持续高压下的含水矿物只有硬水铝石(Dia)。实际上硬水铝石和SiO_2(石英、柯石英、斯石英)的组合应该代表铝质粘土在深部很低温消减带中的高压平衡组合。而且它们的稳定性受脱水反应:Dia+SiO+2(?)Ky+H_2O的制约,根据波曼(1988)的数据这个反应发生在5.0GPa,大约430℃的条件下。     

十字石的原位高压X射线衍射研究

利用原位高压同步辐射能量色散X射线衍射技术,在室温下对采自新疆阿尔泰地区冲乎尔递增变质带的天然十字石进行高压晶体结构测定,测量的压力范围为0.0001~3.9GPa,共11组有效数据。实验表明,在实验压力范围内,随着压力的增加晶胞参数β值逐渐增大,表明了十字石的结构对称性随压力增加而有所降低;同时,在1.5~2.7GPa压力范围内,十字石的晶体结构也发生了改变。     

霞石NaAlSiO_4的压缩性及其机理研究

NaAlSiO_4高压相CF相的结构和性质近年来被广为关注,然而对其低压相霞石的高压行为研究并不深入。为进一步认识碱金属在CF相中的赋存状态,采用金刚石压腔和同步辐射X射线衍射,开展了霞石NaAlSiO_4(P63,Z=8)常温、20GPa时的压缩性质研究。结果显示,在实验压力范围内,霞石没有发生结构相变,其三阶等温状态方程参数为:V0=0.715(2)nm~3,K0=53(3)GPa,K'=4.1(3),a和c轴的压缩系数Ka=3.8(1)×10~(-3)nm/GPa,Kc=2.42(6)×10~(-3)nm/GPa。通过第一性原理计算模拟,印证了实验压缩性的结果,揭示了霞石的压缩机制,即SiO_4和AlO_4四面体呈刚性行为,这些四面体之间的扭转导致结构中伪正交空隙通道的畸变。     

白钨矿的原位高压X射线衍射研究

使用金刚石对顶砧高压装置(DAC)和同步辐射光源,对天然白钨矿进行了原位高压能量色散X射线衍射(EDXD)研究,实验最高压力为16.0 GPa.在实验压力范围内观察到了一次白钨矿结构→钨锰铁矿结构的可逆相变:压力小于5.3 GPa时为白钨矿结构(I4_1/a),在5.3～12.3 GPa压力区间内为白钨矿结构与钨锰铁矿结构(P2/c)并存,大于12.3 GPa时完全相变为钨锰铁矿结构.从键长、配位数和配位多面体角度对白钨矿→钨锰铁矿结构的相变机制进行了解释.     

榍石的高压结构研究

利用同步辐射和金刚石压腔(DAC)技术对天然矿物榍石进行原位高压能散模式X射线实验研究,结果表明榍石在3.9 GPa和10.9 GPa分别发生P 21/a→A 2/a和A 2/a→A 1结构相变,并首次确定10.9 GPa→25.1 GPa榍石结构很可能稳定保持A 1相。基于此认为榍石能在地球较深部位稳定存在,此外,本研究对探索地球深部T i和S i元素的地球化学行为也有一定帮助作用。     

深源包体中的含水高压矿物组合

河北汉诺坝碱性玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体是一种粗粒结构的岩石。在其主要造岩矿物——橄榄石和二辉石矿物的颗粒之间,发现一种呈板状或填隙状的褐色含水细粒矿物集合体。这种集合体主要由含水镁硅酸盐和橄榄石的高压相——林伍德石(Ringwoodite)组成,其次分散着细粒的金红石和少量尖晶石等,组成了一种极为少见的含水高压矿物组合。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861