青海达日断裂中段构造活动与地貌发育的响应关系探讨

青海达日地区发育了多条晚第四纪活动断裂带,以NW—NNW向和近SN向为主。通过航卫片解译和野外实地调查发现,达日断裂中段晚第四纪新活动性尤为显著,其性质以左旋走滑为主,至今部分地段仍保存了清晰的1947年达日7级地震地表破裂带,其破裂样式具有分段性和多样性,反映了局部构造应力的差异。达日地区作为典型的活动构造区,是研究新构造运动与地貌响应的理想场所。因此,文中采用ASTER GDEM V2数据提取了该地区的水系网络和亚流域盆地参数,计算了亚流域盆地面积-高程积分曲线和积分值(HI值),讨论了其构造活动性及地貌响应的关系。区内黄河的6个亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分曲线形态分析结果表明,这6个亚流域盆地均处于地貌演化阶段的"壮年期",其演化过程表现出很好的同步性,反映了区域性构造隆升或沉降作用的总体结果。而且,区内亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分值(HI值)分布特征表明,HI低值分布与第四纪断陷盆地和河谷盆地范围相一致,反映了局部不同构造沉降和侵蚀作用的结果;HI高值则主要出现在达日地震地表破裂带由NWW向NW转向的部位,以及早侏罗世与晚三叠世花岗闪长岩体分布的地方,也很好地反映了局部构造作用的变化和地层岩性的差异。     

水系夹角分布特征对墨脱断裂活动性的指示意义

墨脱断裂位于南迦巴瓦构造结的东边界,区域受到印度洋季风气候影响,降雨充沛,水系非常发育。本文提取了墨脱断裂南东盘不同级别汇水盆地与雅鲁藏布江的夹角(水系夹角),根据水系夹角的分布初步研究了墨脱断裂的运动性质及断裂分段。所提取的27个水系夹角中,大多数介于90°一117°之间,小型盆地水系夹角沿断裂没有明显的变化,表明沿断裂的地形特征对盆地水系夹角的影响基本一致。但大型盆地水系夹角普遍大于中、小型盆地,且以背崩乡为界,东北段水系夹角大于西南段,表明水系形态长期受到墨脱断裂左旋走滑的影响,东北段左旋走滑速率大于西南段。面积最大的水系分布在墨脱断裂东北段,在地形和断裂共同作用下,该盆地水系夹角为117°,沿断裂位移量为25.5km。结合雅鲁藏布江断裂带已有的GPS测量数据,认为南迦巴瓦变质体以东侧墨脱断裂和西侧东久-米林断裂为边界,从拉萨块体之下折返至地表,产生的构造挤压作用使高喜马拉雅块体向西南-西方向不断推进,且运动速度由东至西逐渐减小。南迦巴瓦构造结垮塌构造及强烈的侵蚀作用使该区域出现重力损失,地壳出现均衡反弹,导致南迦巴瓦杂岩体向地表折返,其过程控制着墨脱断裂的运动方式。     

四川马尔康6.0级震群区流域地貌特征与控制因素研究

2022年6月10日四川马尔康6.0级震群地震发生在青藏高原东缘,位于强烈隆升的龙门山及其西缘高原腹地过渡地带,断裂构造复杂,水系发育,小震与中强地震活动频发。基于90 m×90 m空间分辨率的SRTM3数据,利用数字地貌分析方法提取了马尔康6.0级震群所在的脚木足河流域坡度、起伏度、面积-高程积分和河道陡峭指数等地貌参数,结合降水和岩性数据进行综合分析。研究结果表明,脚木足河流域坡度、起伏度、面积-高程积分和河道陡峭指数整体表现出西北低、东南高的特征。构造活动是导致区域地貌参数呈现差异性的主要原因,地貌参数高值主要分布于龙日坝断裂两侧,沿松岗断裂两侧展布,龙日坝断裂东侧是构造变形与差异性隆升强烈的龙门山地区;龙日坝断裂西侧是多条断裂交汇的构造复杂区,中强地震活跃,地貌破坏与重塑作用相对强烈,这可能是地貌参数高值的主要原因。     

丽江-小金河断裂南、中段地貌特征及构造指示意义

丽江-小金河断裂位于青藏高原东南缘,是川滇菱形块体内重要的次级边界断裂。构造活动对区域河流水系的发育有重要影响,因此,定量研究水系地貌特征可在一定程度上反映区域内构造活动信息。本文采用地形坡度、地形起伏度、面积-高程积分值（HI）等地貌参数研究沿该断裂区域地貌对构造活动的响应。研究发现,断裂北侧坡度和地形起伏度较断裂南侧高,跨断裂4级流域盆地内亚流域盆地面积-高程积分值变化也指示断裂北侧流域成熟度低于断裂南侧,这反映了丽江-小金河断裂存在一定逆冲分量。     

涪江流域河流地貌特征对虎牙断裂带活动性的响应

青藏高原东缘岷山东边界的虎牙断裂带强震频发,但因第四系保留有限,目前对于该断裂的活动性仍认识不清。而基岩山区河流地貌与活动构造关系研究发现,河流地貌特征能够很好地记录构造活动信息。虎牙断裂带横跨涪江流域,这为通过河流地貌研究虎牙断裂的活动特征提供了条件。文中选择涪江流域SRTM 30m精度数字高程模型(DEM)数据,利用GIS技术提取了涪江流域坡度(slope)、局部起伏度(local relief)、标准化陡峭指数(ksn)、面积-高程积分值(HI)等地貌指数,并对跨虎牙断裂带小流域盆地的平均陡峭指数(ks)和面积-高程积分值进行对比,结合野外调查、岩性、降水与现代侵蚀速率等特征,分析讨论了涪江流域地貌特征与虎牙断裂带活动特征的关系。研究表明:1)涪江流域基本处于稳态状况,区内仅有跨雪山断裂带的河道剖面显示明显的裂点,其余跨断裂河道剖面无明显裂点存在;2)虎牙断裂带两侧地貌指数差异明显,整体上表现为西高东低,这应与虎牙断裂的逆断活动有关;3)断裂两侧的小流域地貌指数差异分析表明,沿虎牙断裂带自北向南抬升作用逐渐增强,反映了虎牙断裂带北段以走滑为主,南段以逆断为主。该研究有助于提高对青藏高原东缘隆升变形机制的理解。     

基于GIS平台的石羊河流域地貌演化及构造活动性研究

基于ARCGIS 10.2平台,利用GDEM-30 m数据对石羊河流域进行水文分析,提取出了石羊河流域的流域范围,在此基础上通过研究区子流域的划分,把石羊河流域上游的8个子流域作为研究重点进行讨论。通过提取石羊河流域的地貌参数,包括盆地形状指数(BS)、盆地不对称度(AF)以及计算子流域高程—面积积分值(Hi)和水系分支比(Rb),并与前人活动构造研究成果对比。认为,石羊河流域盆地较为规则,且流域构造活动性相对较弱;主流域两侧掀斜程度低,且流域东侧稍弱于西侧;而流域高程—面积积分值从东往西呈逐渐增大的趋势,河流分支比则呈现出与之相反的变化趋势,综合反映了石羊河流域构造活动性不强,并且东部构造活动性弱于西部。     

和静逆断裂-褶皱带的第四纪构造地貌与侧向扩展

位于天山南麓焉耆盆地北缘的和静逆断裂-褶皱带是天山地区的一个最新的变形带.通过对褶皱带西段夏尔木登背斜、哈尔莫顿背斜区遥感卫星影像(ETM+)和分辨率为25m的数字高程模型(DEM)数据解译分析,并结合野外考察,对两个背斜的地形横剖面、纵剖面,水系发育特征,两翼11个小型汇水盆地的水系密度、面积高度曲线和积分值分析表明...     

四川活动断裂的区域性特征及其与板块构造的关系

四川是我国多地震的省份。史前地震、历史地震和现代地震资料表明，四川的强烈地震无不沿晚第四纪以来有强烈活动的断裂带发生。不同强度的地震带在很大程度上与断裂的晚第四纪活动性程度相对应。活动断裂的区域特征表明，四川的活动断裂具有明显的空间分布规律性。强活动断裂分布在晚第四纪运动断块的边缘及断块内部，四川盆地内部的断裂活动性甚微。不仅如此，地质资料和断裂活动年代样品的测定结果反映了四川的活动断裂不仅具有向西部活动强度明显增大的特点，而且断裂活动的时代也有向西部逐渐更新的趋势。这种现象揭示四川断裂运动的动力来源主要来自西部印度板块的推挤，但这种推挤作用有减弱之势。活动断层上的断陷盆地，拉分盆地及断错地貌现象的研究表明，四川的主要活动断裂在中、晚更新世发生过断层性质和断层运动方向的改变。这一改变使断块的水平移动变为晚第四纪以来的主要地壳运动方式，对四川及西南地区的构造应力场，断裂运动及地震活动性产生重要的影响。联系到我国西部广大地区断层运动学特征的区域性同步变化，高原物质的横向扩展可能具有重要的控制作用。西藏高原南部广泛发育的南北向拉张构造及其控制的第四纪盆地以及西藏高原中部的大型共轭断裂系所控制的第四纪盆地沉积物时代     

格仁错断裂带流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义

依据谷歌地球提供的影像(Landsat和GeoEye)和野外工作,在ArcGIS平台上利用数字高程模型(ASTER GDEM数据)提取了格仁错断裂带153个亚流域盆地的基本参数,作了面积-高程积分。统计结果显示,南北2盘流域盆地的规模(面积、河网分级)差异显著,南盘流域盆地起伏、坡度、面积-高程积分(HI)值均略大于北盘,积分曲线总体呈"南凸北凹"的形态特征;在断裂走向上,盆地起伏、平均坡度、HI值皆呈"东南高、西北低"的趋势,积分曲线由西向东具有变凸的态势。通过分析流域岩性与降雨条件,发现它们对以上地貌参数的影响有限。因此,流域盆地差异地貌特征反映并验证了格仁错断裂晚新生代南盘相对于北盘抬升,并且其南侧申扎-定结裂谷可能强化了该差异抬升运动。同时,可能指示冈底斯-念青唐古拉山晚新生代早期隆升为流域盆地提供了向N掀斜的先存地貌面,后期该山体和申扎-定结裂谷的快速隆升进一步促成南北2盘流域不对称的发育。     

华山山前正断层的分段活动特征——来自河流地貌参数的约束

华山山前正断层是渭河地堑南缘重要的控盆断裂,其强烈的构造活动造成了华山的掀斜式隆升。研究表明,该断裂的活动性存在显著的空间差异:中段(华县—华阴)最强,西段(蓝田—华县)和东段(华阴—灵宝)相对较弱。文中通过提取华山山前河流的高程剖面,结合坡度-面积分析和积分法识别裂点,计算河流凹度和陡峭系数,并对古河道进行投影重建。结果表明,河流凹度大多为0. 3～0. 6,基本不受构造活动的影响。陡峭系数与裂点分布的空间差异显著:在断裂东段,河流处于稳态,陡峭系数最低为(104±30) m~(0.9)。断裂中、西2段的河流多为瞬态,发育slope-break型裂点。裂点下游河道陡峭系数中断裂中段最高((230±92) m~(0.9)),西段次之((152±53) m~(0.9))。结合区域构造、岩性和河流沉积等,分析认为河流陡峭系数的分布指示了断裂活动性的空间差异,与活动构造研究结果基本一致。裂点上游陡峭系数(断裂中段为(103±23) m~(0.9),西段为(60±14) m~(0.9))明显低于下游,并且裂点迁移距离与流域汇水面积存在良好的幂律关系,因此,河流裂点是正断活动增强、山体加速隆升的标志。古河道重建结果表明,河道古起伏量(中段为(1 000±153) m,西段为(751±170) m)约占现今起伏量(中段为(1 323±249) m,西段为(1 057±231) m)的66%～75%,因而现今地形起伏量的25%～34%是裂点所指示的这一期隆升加速造成的。假设裂点下游的河流下切速率与山体隆升相平衡,则河道陡峭系数与断裂滑动速率满足幂律关系。根据断裂中段河流陡峭系数与前人研究得到的晚更新世晚期以来断裂的滑动速率,且文中约束的坡度指数n约为0. 5、侵蚀系数K约为1. 52×10~(-4)m~(0. 55)/a,结合裂点年龄公式,估算裂点的起始时限约(0. 55±0. 25) Ma BP。文中对华山山前河流高程剖面的研究表明,华山山前正断层中段的活动性强于西段和东段,而且中、西2段在中更新世开始加速活动,并导致山体快速抬升和山前的地形起伏显著增加。     

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE SHULE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN QILIANSHAN AND ITS INSIGHT INTO TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

Because of the strong uplift of the Qilian Shan since late Cenozoic,the drainage basins that are derived from the mountains have undergone strong tectonic deformation.So the typical geomorphology characteristics of these drainage basins may indicate the strong tectonic movement in the region.For example,the Shule River drainage basin,which originates from the western part of the Qilian Shan owns unique geomorphology characteristics which may indicate the neotectonic movement. Stream networks of the Shule drainage basin extracted from the DEM data based on GIS spatial analysis technology are graded into five levels using Strahler classification method.Four sub-catchments,numbered 1,2,3 and 4 are chosen for detailed analysis.Furthermore,the four sub-catchments,the hypsometric integral curves,Hack profiles,SL index and average slope of the Shule drainage basin are determined by GIS tools.In addition,we analyzed the slope spectrum of the Shule drainage basin. The average elevation of the Shule drainage basin is very high,however,the slope of the drainage basin is very low,the gentle slope occupies so large area proportion that the slope spectrum shows a unimodal pattern and a peak value is in low slope region (0°~5°),so tectonic movement has a strong influence on the drainage basin.Under the intensive impact of the tectonic movement of the active fault and regional uplift,the hypsometric integral curve is sigmoid,revealing that the Shule drainage basin is in the mature stage.The Hack profile is on a convex,the longitudinal profile is best fitted by linear fitting and the abnormal data of the SL index of the Shule River has a good fit with the section through which the active fault traverses,that means the tectonic movement of the active fault has strong influence on the river's SL index.It is worth noting that lithologic factors also have great impact on the river geomorphology in some sections. According to the above analysis,we recognize that in the interior of active orogen,the evolution of river geomorphology usually is influenced by tectonic movement and reveals the regional neotectonics in turn.     

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DAQINGSHAN DRAINAGE AREA IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF HETAO BASIN

The Daqingshan Fault located in the northern margin of the Hetao Basin has experienced intensive activity since late Quaternary, which is of great significance to the molding of the present geomorphology. Since basin geomorphological factors can be used to reflect regional geomorphological type and development characteristics, the use of typical geomorphology characteristics indexes may reveal the main factors that control the formation of topography. In recent years, more successful research experience has been accumulated by using hypsometric integral(HI) values and channel steepness index(k_sn)to quantitatively obtain geomorphic parameters to reveal regional tectonic uplift information. The rate of bedrock uplifting can be reflected by channel steepness index, the region with steep gradient has high rate of bedrock uplifting, while the region with slower slope has low rate of bedrock uplifting. The tectonic uplift can shape the geomorphic characteristics by changing the elevation fluctuation of mountains in study area, and then affect the hypsometric integral values distribution trend, thus, the HI value can be used to reflect the intensity of regional tectonic activity, with obvious indicating effect. Knick point can be formed by fault activity, and the information of knick point and its continuous migration to upstream can be recorded along the longitudinal profile of stream. Therefore, it is possible and feasible to obtain the information of tectonic activity from the geomorphic characteristics of Daqinshan area. The research on the quantitative analysis of regional large-scale tectonic activities in the Daqingshan area of the Yellow River in the Hetao Basin is still deficient so far. Taking this area as an example, based on the method of hypsometric integral(HI) and channel steepness index(k_sn), we use the DEM data with 30m resolution and GIS spatial analysis technology to extract the networks of drainage system and seven sub-basins. Then, we calculate the hypsometric integral(HI) values of each sub-basin and fit its spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, we obtain the values of channel steepness index and its fitting spatial distribution characteristics based on the improved Chi-plot bedrock analysis method. Combining the extraction results of geomorphic parameters with the characteristics of fault activity, we attempt to explore the characteristics of drainage system development and the response of stream profile and geomorphology to tectonic activities in the Daqingshan section of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the values of the hypsometric integral in the Daqingshan drainage area are medium, between 0.5~0.6, and the Strahler curve of each tributary is S-shaped, suggesting that the geomorphological development of the Daqingshan area is in its prime, and the tectonic activity and erosion is strong. Continuous low HI value is found in the tectonic subsidence area on the hanging wall of the Daqingshan Fault. The distribution characteristics of the HI value reveal that the Daqingshan Fault controls the geomorphic difference between basin and mountain. Longitudinal profiles of the river reveal the existence of many knick points. The steepness index of river distributes in high value along the trend of mountain which lies in the tectonic uplift area on the footwall of the Daqingshan Fault. It reflects that the bedrock uplift rate of Daqingshan area is faster. The distribution characteristics of the channel steepness index show that the uplift amplitude of Daqingshan area is strong and the bedrock is rapidly uplifted, which is significantly different from the subsidence amplitude in the depression basin at the south margin of the fault, indicating that the main power source controlling the basin mountain differential movement comes from Daqingshan Fault. Based on the comparison and analysis on tectonic, lithology and climate, there is no obvious corresponding relationship between the difference of rock erosion resistance and the change of geomorphic parameters, and the precipitation has little effect on the geomorphic transformation of Daqingshan area, and its contribution to the geomorphic development is limited. Thus, we think the lithology and rainfall conditions have limited impact on the hypsometric integral, longitudinal profiles of the river and channel steepness index. Lithology maybe has some influences on the channel knick points, while tectonic activity of piedmont faults is the main controlling factor that causes the unbalanced characteristics of the longitudinal profile of the channel and plays a crucial role in the development of the channel knick points. So, tectonic activity of the Daqingshan Fault is the main factor controlling the uplift and geomorphic evolution of the Daqingshan area.     

GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE GYARING CO FAULT ZONAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS

Strike-slip faults and normal faults are dominant active tectonics in the interior of Tibetan plateau and control a series of basins and lakes showing extension since the Late Cenozoic, by contrast with the thrust faulting along the orogenic belts bordering the plateau. The late Neotectonic movement of those faults is key information to understand the deformation mechanism for Tibetan plateau. The Gyaring Co Fault is a major active right-lateral strike-slip fault striking~300° for a distance of~240km in central Tibet, in south of Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. The Gyaring Co Fault merges with the north-trending Xainza-Dinggye rift near the southern shore of Gyaring Co. From NW to SE, Dongguo Co, Gemang Co-Zhangnai Co, Zigui Co-Gyaring Co form the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin. Some scholars have noticed that the formation of lakes and basins may be related to strike-slip faults and rift, but there is no analysis on the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin and its response to regional tectonics. In recent years, a variety of quantitative geomorphic parameters have been widely used in the neotectonic systems to analyze the characteristics of the basin and its response mechanism to the tectonic movement. In this paper, we applied ASTER GDEM data on the ArcGIS platform, extracted the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin based on Google Earth images (Landsat and GeoEye) and field work. We acquired basic geomorphic parameters of 153 sub-basin (such as grade, relief, average slope, area) and Hypsometric Index (HI) value and curve. Statistical results have indicated significant differences in scale(area and river network grade)in north and south sides of the fault. Southern drainage basins' relief, slope, HI value are higher than the northern basins, and the overall shape of hypsometric curve of northern basins are convex compared with southern concavity. Along the strike of the Gyaring Co Fault, average slope, and HI value are showing generally increasing trending and hypsometric curve become convex from west to east. By comparing and analyzing the lithology and rainfall conditions, we found that they have little influence on the basic parameters and HI value of drainage basins. Therefore, the changes of basin topographic differences between northern and southern side of fault and profile reveal the Gyaring Co Fault has experienced differential uplift since the late Cenozoic, southern side has greater uplift compared to the north side, and the uplift increased from NW to SE, thus indicate that normal faulting of the Gyaring Co Fault may enhanced by the Xainza-Dinggye rift. The early uplift of the Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha Mountain in late Cenozoic might provide northward inclined pre-existing geomorphic surfaces and the later further rapid uplift on the Gangdise-Nyaingentanglha Mountain and Xainza-Dinggye rift might contribute to the asymmetrical development of the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin.     

THE RESPONSE OF FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUJIANG DRAINGE BASIN TO ACTIVITY OF THE HUYA FAULT ZONE

The Huya Fault, located in the steep topographic boundary of the Minshan Mountains in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, has documented many major earthquakes such as the 1630(M=6 3/4), 1973 Huanglong(M_S=6.5) and the 1976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm(M_S=7.2, 6.7, 7.2). While its activity remains unclear because of lacking Quaternary sediments. In the past few decades, there have been significant advances in understanding the relationship between bedrock channel landscapes and active tectonics, indicating that the bedrock fluvial features can well record the tectonic activity. Many studies reveal that tectonism is the primary factor of landscape evolution in tectonically active regions, and the erosional landscapes can be used to reveal tectonic signals on timescales of 10³~10⁶ years. The Huya Fault crosses the Fujiang drainage basin, making it suitable for the study of bedrock rivers and tectonic uplift in the eastern margin of Minshan. In this study, we calculate the geomorphologic indeices(hillslope, local relief, normalized steepness indices and hypsometric integral) on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM) SRTM-1. For better understanding the tectonic activity along this fault, we derive some small catchments on the two sides of the Huya fault to analyze the differences of average steepness indices and hypsometric integral. Combining with field observations, lithology, precipitation and modern erosion rates, this study suggests that tectonic activity is the controlling factor of geomorphology in the eastern margin of the Minshan Mountains. We use focal mechanism solutions, GPS data and geomorphic evidence to explore the relationship between the geomorphologic indices of the Fujiang drainage and activity characteristics of the Huya fault. Our results suggest that:(1) The Fujiang drainage basin is in a steady state. The characteristics of the knickpoints indicate that they are mainly controlled by the locally resistant substrate. (2) The suggested value of the geomorphologic index on the west side of the Huya fault is generally larger than on the east side, showing differential tectonic uplift rates across the fault. (3) The difference of the geomorphologic index of the small catchments on both sides of the Huya fault is gradually increasing from north to south along this fault, in accordance with that the north and south segments of the Huya fault are dominated by strike-and reverse-slip, respectively.     

GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES OF LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF MOTUO FAULT IN EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS

Motuo Fault locates at the east of Namjagbarwa Peak in eastern Himalayan syntaxis.Based on the remote sensing interpretation,the previous work,and with the field investigation,this paper obtains the spatial distribution and movement characteristics of Motuo Fault in China,and geological evidences of late Quaternary activity.Two trenches in Motuo village and Dongdi village located in Yalung Zangbo Grand Canyon reveal that the Motuo Fault dislocates the late Quternary stratum and behaves as a reverse fault in Motuo village and normal fault in Dongdi village.Motuo Fault is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip associated with the faulted landforms,with different characteristics of the tilting movement in different segments.The trench at Didong village reveals the latest stratum dislocated is~2780±30 a BP according to radiocarbon dating,implying that Motuo Fault has ruptured the ground surface since late Holocene.The movement of left-lateral strike-slip of Motuo Fault is related to the northward movement process of Indian pate.     

祁漫塔格北缘断裂晚第四纪以来活动特征初步研究

祁漫塔格北缘断裂处于青藏高原内部造山带地区,其构造活动反映了青藏高原的构造演化特征。本文采用活动构造和构造地貌相结合的研究方法,对该断裂的活动性进行初步分析研究。首先采用航卫片解译和野外调查,发现该断裂断错了山前全新世冲洪积扇,形成的断层陡坎高度在1.5~2.5m。通过扩散方程,并参考前人研究结果,认为祁漫塔格北缘断裂晚第四纪的抬升速率初步限定在1~2mm/a。我们基于数字高程模型提取的地形高程纵剖面和面积-高程积分,其结果也支持祁漫塔格北缘存在构造活动。     

四川断裂活动的区域性差异及其与区域地壳运动的关系

断裂活动的区域性研究表明，四川的活动断裂具有明显的区域分布差异性。强活动断裂分布在晚第四纪运动断块的边缘及其内部，四川盆地内部的断裂活动性相当微弱，仅盆地西部边缘有晚第四纪断层活动显示。不仅如此，地质资料和断层活动年代测定资料反映了四川的活动断裂不但具有向西部活动强度明显增大的特点，而且断裂活动的时代也有向西部逐渐更新的趋势。本文通过研究喜马拉雅运动不同期幕在四川不同地区的表现，发现四川活动断裂的     

山东半岛东北部新发现近EW向活断层

山东半岛东北部地区晚第四纪的构造活动以整体性抬升为主,内部的断裂活动相对较弱,晚更新世以来的断裂活动仅分布在局部地区,新发现的东殿后断裂是其中的1条。断裂总体走向近EW,全长约20km,地貌上表现为由3条河流上游组成的谷地。断裂错断的最新地层的热释光年龄为84～75kaBP,上覆坡积角砾层的热释光年龄为64kaBP,断裂发育的松软断层泥的热释光年龄为82kaBP。断裂的剖面特征和断盖地层的年龄表明,东殿后断裂的最新活动时代是晚更新世早中期,垂直活动速率不<016mm/a,晚更新世晚期以来停止活动;断裂的最大潜在地震为6级     

THE ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL MOTION CHARACTERISTICS IN YUNNAN AREA BASED ON PRECISE LEVELING

In this study, vertical deformation of different regions of Yunnan area in 1993-2013, 2001-2006, 2011-2017 is obtained using observational data of precise leveling. The results show that:1) In the whole, Yunnan area exhibits uplifting in the east of Yunnan and subsiding in the south of Yunnan, which is well consistent with the current horizontal velocity field obtained by GPS. In the east of Yunnan, southeastward horizontal velocity at the east boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan block is significantly decreased, which indicates extrusion deformation. This result is in accordance with the result that there is uplift in the east of Yunnan with precise leveling data. GPS velocity field rotates clockwise at Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, therefore east-west extension is formed in central and southern Yunnan, which coincides with crustal subsidence observed by precise leveling. 2)The vertical movement in the northwest of Yunnan mainly exhibits the succession movement of basin subsidence and mountain uplift, in which, in the rift zone, Chenghai Basin, Qina Basin, Binchuan Basin and Midu Basin distributed along Chenghai Fault are all in the sinking state and the sinking velocity of Binchuan Basin located in the end of the sinistral strike-slip Chenghai Fault is the maximum. The sinking velocity of Dali Basin distributed along Honghe Fault is approximately 0.5mm/a and the sinking velocity of Midu Basin is approximately 1mm/a under the comprehensive action of right-lateral Honghe Fault and left-lateral Chenghai Fault. On the northwest boundary of the fault zone, the vertical movement of the basins (Lijiang Basin, Jiangchuan Basin)under the control of the nearby Lijiang-Jianchuan Fault is not obvious and the nearby mountain area exhibits uplift. 3)In the Honghe Fault, the southern region still possesses strong activity. Seeing from the leveling profile and vertical deformation field, the Honghe Fault still possesses the significance of block boundary fault and strong activity. GPS velocity field reveals that the southeast movement velocity of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block is rapidly decreased near Xiaojiang Fault and the earth's crust is shortened and deformed. In the vertical deformation field, the uplift is formed near Xiaojiang Fault and there is obvious vertical deformation gradient. 4)Notably, deformation contour in the junction of Qujiang Fault and Xiaojiang Fault is characterized by four quadrant distribution, which indicates the possibility of earthquake.     

郯庐断裂带及其邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度与各向异性层析成像

本研究拾取了中国数字测震台网固定台站记录的2008-2016年2级以上地震事件中的27233条高质量Pn到时资料,反演得到了郯庐断裂带及其邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度和各向异性结构模型.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构存在强烈的横向不均匀性,速度异常形态与区域地质构造较为吻合.太行山造山带、鲁西隆起、大别造山带、苏鲁褶皱带、胶辽隆起和华北盆地南端等隆起区表现为低波速异常,而黄海北、南部盆地、渤海湾和华北盆地北部等凹陷区均为高波速异常.壳内强震主要发生在Pn低波速异常和高低波速异常的横向过渡地带,说明强震的发生与上地幔结构的横向变化之间存在有一定关联.郯庐断裂带两侧Pn波速度以郯城地震为界其东北侧和西南侧分别分布有与断裂带近平行的低波速异常条带,而西北侧和东南侧分别分布有高波速异常条带,各向异性快波方向近乎沿断裂带走向,可能由于上地幔热物质沿郯庐断裂带上涌形成低速异常后断裂带发生左旋平移运动所致.华北盆地内上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性的明显变化,反映华北克拉通破坏过程中经历了地幔热物质上涌、莫霍面隆升以及岩石圈拆沉等复杂构造变形.