辽宁金伯利岩地球化学特征

辽宁金伯利岩地质—地球化学研究结果表明,辽宁金伯利岩主元素丰度较世界金伯利岩的平均成分,显示富Ca、Al和贫K、Na、Mg、Si,碱度偏低;与南非、苏联和我国山东含金刚石金伯利岩相比,Fe 质偏高。辽宁金伯利岩含矿程度由富到贫,有 Fe、Mg 组分增高,Ca 质降低,微量元素多趋富集的总体变化趋势。辽南金伯利岩较辽北金伯利岩具有碱性程度相对偏高,V、Li、Rb、Nb、La、Sn、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Ba、Cd、B、S、F 等元素相对富集,Co、Ni、Cr、Th、Bi、Au、As、Sb、Hg、Sr 等元素相对贫化的特点。二者的元素组合和相关特征有明显差别。辽南金伯利岩 Na、Ca、Mn 3元素的相关组合特征是富、贫(中)金刚石金伯利岩的一个地球化学标志。     

褶纹冠蚌珍珠中元素的定量分析

利用元素分析仪和原子吸收光谱仪分析了褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata Leach)的四个不同培育阶段的珍珠的十三种元素的含量,以期从连续动态的角度探讨珍珠的形成机制。结果表明,随着育珠时间的延长,珍珠中Ca元素的含量是逐渐增加的,C和H元素的含量则是逐渐下降的。在微量元素中,Na、Cu、Zn、Mg和Sr的含量比较高,其中Na在晚期的珍珠中的含量显著高于早期的珍珠,而CuZn、Mg等其它微量元素则是在早期珍珠中的含量明显高于晚期珍珠,它们随着育珠时间的延长呈指数下降。     

湖南蓝山县天鹅寨火山杂岩体岩石地球化学特征与成因探讨

天鹅寨火山杂岩体位于钦—杭(钦州—杭州)成矿带湖南段南部。各类岩石主量元素富Si、富Alk、Al饱和、贫Ca、贫Mg等,属高钾钙碱性岩系;稀土元素为轻稀土富集分配模式;微量元素富Rb、 Pb、Yb、Zr、 Th、U等,贫 Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Hf、Y等。具有相似主量元素与微量元素特征,指示为同源岩浆分异演化形成。根据富K、Rb、Th、Zr,贫Na、Ta、P等元素特征结合(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)初始值与成岩年龄(t)图解,表明岩浆源区以上地壳物质为主,下地壳物质混染熔融形成。结合区域构造背景分析,推测由于太平洋板块自东向西俯冲,造成华南陆块内扬子板块与华夏板块碰撞,碰撞产生热效益使区内上地壳物质及部分下地壳物质熔融形成岩浆,至燕山晚期,区内演化成碰撞后伸展阶段,岩浆喷发—侵入形成此火山杂岩体。     

湖北神农架地区南华系大塘坡组元素地球化学特征

湖北神农架地区南华系大塘坡组属于间冰期沉积,目前对其沉积地层及古环境等方面的认识有限。在神农架地区南华系大塘坡组野外调查的基础上,利用元素地球化学分析测试资料,系统研究了该地区大塘坡组古环境特征及其对油气勘探的意义。CaO/(CaO+Fe)、Sr/Ba、Rb/K、K/Na值表明神农架地区大塘坡组沉积水体盐度整体为中—低盐度,其中大九湖剖面沉积水体盐度比宋洛剖面沉积水体高。氧化-还原性敏感元素相关参数V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co、Ce_anom值研究表明,神农架地区南华系大塘坡组沉积于弱氧化—弱还原水体。CIA、ICV、Sr/Cu、Sr/Ba、Rb/Sr、Mg/Ca值和Sr含量等研究表明,神农架地区大塘坡组沉积期属于温暖湿润气候环境。总有机碳(TOC)、古生物资料以及Cu和Ba含量综合分析表明神农架地区大塘坡组沉积期温暖湿润气候以及合适的水体条件,为藻类的大量繁殖提供了优越的环境,并为大塘坡组优质烃源岩的发育提供了充足的有机质来源。     

火焰塞曼原子吸收法相对灵敏度和检出限的测定

本文用火焰塞曼原子吸收法对Ag、Au等20余种元素的相对灵敏度和检出限进行了测定。实验结果表明:塞曼分裂对各种元素的测定灵敏度均有不同程度的降低。其中Co、Cd、Hg、Ga、Au、Ni、Pb、Pd、等元素的灵敏度降低2～7％;Mg、Zn、Ca、Sb、Fe、Mn、Bi等元素降低11～27％;Ag、Sr、Na、K、Cu等元素降低38～59％。但是由于塞曼原子吸收法的特点,对SbNa、Cd、Ag、Cr、Cu、Mg、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb等元素来说,塞曼火焰原子吸收法的检出限要低于常规火焰法。塞曼火焰法的基线也比常规火焰法稳定的多,这就显示了塞曼仪器的优越性。此外本文还对实验结果及仪器性能等进行了讨论。     

TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the K odzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.     

胶东大邓格金—多金属矿床热液蚀变过程中的元素迁移

为探讨胶东大邓格金—多金属矿床热液蚀变过程中元素的迁移规律及其与矿化的关系,本文对不同蚀变程度的赋矿围岩和矿体进行了岩石地球化学分析,采用元素迁移质量平衡计算方法（Isocon）,以Al2O3作为不活动组分进行了质量平衡计算。研究表明：从远矿围岩到近矿围岩主要发育绢英岩化蚀变,Mg、Na、Ti、P、Ca、Zn、Ni、Pb、Be、Sr、Th、U、Zr、Li、V、Nb、Ga、Ta、Sc、Hf、REE（除La、Ce、Pr）等元素迁入,Si、K、Cu、Cr、Co等元素迁出,Fe、Mn、Rb平均含量基本不变;从近矿围岩到矿体主要发育黄铁绢英岩化蚀变,Fe、Na、Mn、Ti、Mg、Cu、Zn、Sr、V、Sc、Zr、Co、REE等元素迁入,K、Ni、Pb、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、Th、U、Cr、Nb、Ta等元素迁出,Si、Al、P、Ca、Ga、Hf平均含量基本不变。Cu、Zn等成矿元素在绢英岩化过程中被活化进入成矿流体中,在黄铁绢英岩化过程中沉淀,形成黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等硫化物。受古太平洋板片俯冲后撤的影响,胶东地区在中生代发生了大规模的岩浆活动和强烈的地壳隆升,所产生的热隆伸展构造为该区大规模成矿提供了有利条件在围岩蚀变过程中,Au可能以［Au(HS)2］络合物的形式进行迁移。伴随着热液蚀变过程中成矿流体的不断演化,氧逸度降低,体系处于还原环境,大量与金矿化相关的硫化物（黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等）伴随金沉淀富集成矿。     

罗布泊盐湖罗北区卤水主要离子平面分布特征

罗布泊盐湖罗北区有着丰富的地下卤水资源,通过野外采集样品,室内试验检测,研究了罗布泊盐湖罗北区表层卤水主要离子的分布特征。采集卤水样品46件,通过分析,表明该区卤水矿化度范围在18.169～389.253g/L,略有中间高四周低的趋势。卤水中的阳离子主要为K+,Na+,Ca2+,Sr2+,B3+;阴离子主要为Cl-,SO24-,HCO3-,Br-,I-。其中K+,Na+,Li+,Cl-,SO24-,B3+的分布及含量均与矿化度呈正相关关系,Ca2+,Sr2+的分布及含量与矿化度呈负相关关系。HCO3-,Li+,Br-,I-,Mg2+的分布及含量与矿化度关系不明显。     

Otolith chemical signatures of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus in coastal waters of China

This study explores the potential existence of local stocks of Synechogobius ommaturus using otolith chemical signatures. The concentrations of 10 elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Sr, Pb, Ba, Mn, Co, Zn) in the otoliths from eight stocks (Dandong, Dalian, Tianjin, Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, Ganyu and Xiamen) of S. ommaturus were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and regressed against otolith weight. No significant correlation between otolith weight and concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, Zn and Pb were observed. Concentrations of K and Mn were correlated with otolith weight. Consequently, the residuals of the regressions were used instead of the original concentrations in subsequent analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between males and females in otolith chemical signatures. Differences were found among the locations for K, Sr, Mn, Co, Ba, Pb, but not for Ca, Na, Mg and Zn. Residuals of the regressions of elemental concentrations against otolith weight that fitted the normal distribution and homogeneity were studied by discriminant analysis. The success of the discriminant function to predict the location of S. ommaturus capture ranged from 100% for Weihai and Xiamen stocks, to only 44.4% and 62.5% for Qingdao and Dandong stocks, respectively. The average prediction success was 80.3%.     

东昆仑地区中生代熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程及壳幔岩浆混合

哈西亚图石英闪长岩是东昆仑地区中生代具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩类典型代表,岩体出露于东昆仑中构造带,广泛发育暗色微粒包体。包体为闪长质岩石,并含有一系列岩浆混合成因的证据,如水滴状、长条状塑性流变外形,淬冷边、反向脉等高—中温混合迹象,以及低Mg/(Fe+Mg)、Na/(Ca+Na)值等混合成因特征。包体A/CNK值介于0.77~0.87,属准铝质,富Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO,贫K2O、Na2O,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K等),同时又具有Ta、Nb、Ti的"TNT"负异常,具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特点。依据岩石学、地球化学特征并结合同时期大地构造背景,东昆仑晚古生代—早中生代含暗色微粒包体花岗质岩石是幔源岩浆经历多次熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程后与壳源岩浆混合的产物。在混合岩浆中,富镁铁质端元是由辉长质岩浆进化而来的闪长质岩浆。     

利用原子吸收光谱测定珍珠加工前后元素含量的变化

利用空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法对马氏珍珠进行了１３个元素的测定，结果表明优质珍珠与劣质珍珠主要在Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｐｈ、Ｋ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ等元素含量方面有差异。珍珠在加工前后变化很大的元素是Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｎａ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ等。根据一些元素对珍珠质量的显著影响，提出在加工过程应注意对珍珠质量有利元素的加入和有损珍珠质量的元素的去除。     

A study on element-stratigraphy of Okinawa Trough

Regular distribution patterns of elements Ca, Sr, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Rb, Ba, Cd, and U in Late Quaternary strata have been studied in detail. The regional variation patterns of elements in these strata are similar to those in recent surface sediments, showing that the sedimentary environment has been relatively stable since Late Quaternary. Element distribution changes with the variations of lithological characters. Contents of Ca and Sr increase in coarse sediments, while those of other elements decrease. Na content increases in the pumice layer. Mn, content tends to increase sharply towards the surface layer. Ca content decreases sharply in strata where water depth is more than 2,000 m. The strata can be divided based on the distribution curves of element assemblages. The variations in contents of most elements in Holocene Series are smaller than those in Late Pleistocene Series, which might be related to the factors of glacial and interglacial changes, sea level fluctuations and material source differences. Contribution No. 1488 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

济阳坳陷下伏石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩中侵入岩的地球化学特征

石炭系—二叠系沉积以剥蚀残余状分布在渤海湾盆地之下,在已发现油气的部位均发现浅层侵入岩。通过侵入岩产状、主量元素和微量元素组成等地质和地球化学分析,发现侵入岩主要为富二氧化硅、钠、钾和镁的闪长玢岩以及贫二氧化硅和钠、富钾和镁的煌斑岩,它们与鲁西隆起同层位侵入岩具有很多相似之处。研究认为它们是侏罗纪断陷形成初期上地幔物质上涌、沿深大断裂侵入形成的,以富钾偏碱性或偏中性两种岩浆侵入在煤系烃源岩中。研究还发现,煤系地层中的这些侵入体规模不大,对烃源岩的烘烤作用范围不超过侵入体的厚度,对整体的煤系生烃演化影响较小。     

Mineral constituents in common chanterelles and soils collected from a high mountain and lowland sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) Fr. and surface soil layer (0-10 cm) underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula (Baltic Sea coast) and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioconcentrated several essential trace elements (K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn), while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.     

A Preliminary Analysis of Trace-Elemental Signatures in Statoliths of Different Spawning Cohorts for Dosidicus gigas off EEZ Waters of Chile

We applied solution-based ICP-MS method to quantify the trace-elemental signatures in statoliths of jumbo flying squid, Dosidius gigas, which were collected from the waters off northern and central Chile during the scientific surveys carried out by Chinese squid jigging vessels in 2007 and 2008. The age and spawning date of the squid were back-calculated based on daily increments in statoliths. Eight elemental ratios(Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Na/Ca, Fe/Ca, Cu/Ca and Zn/Ca) were analyzed. It was found that Sr is the second most abundant element next to Ca, followed by Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ba and Mn. There was no significant relationship between element/Ca and sea surface temperature(SST) and sea surface salinity(SSS), although weak negative or positive tendency was found. MANOVA analysis showed that multivariate elemental signatures did not differ among the cohorts spawned in spring, autumn and winter, and no significant difference was found between the northern and central sampling locations. Classification results showed that all individuals of each spawned cohorts were correctly classified. This study demonstrates that the elemental signatures in D. gigas statoliths are potentially a useful tool to improve our understanding of its population structure and habitat environment.     

卡帕藻的营养成分分析及综合比较

于1999年元月在海南陵水黎安港采集卡帕藻，应用HPLC、原子吸收等分析手段，系统测定其营养成分（主要包括蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、矿物质及微量元素等），并与其它几种大型藻类比较，综合评价卡帕藻的营养价值。结果表明卡帕藻蛋白质含量为6.20%，而粗脂肪和粗灰分较高，分别为2.88%和39.04%；卡帕藻中富含K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se等矿物元素，尤其是Se的含量远高于其它几种大型藻类。     

正交试验法在大骨节病区饮水水质研究中的应用

本文运用正交试验法对陕西永寿等大骨节病区饮水水质及其与病情间的关系进行了研究和试验,取得了如下初步认识:1)饮用缺乏Mg~(2+)、C1~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-、Se、Sr等组分的低矿化度水,是导致大骨节病发生的重要原因。2)水中的Na~++K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+);C1~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-;可溶性SiO_2、有机耗氧量、矿化度;Sr、Se、Zn等含量(或阴、阳离子毫克当量百分数)的任何一组最优组合,均可用来作为优质水的划分标准。在此基础上,确定出了非致病水的水质标准。文章还对所确定出的非致病水水质标准进行了实际验证。