基于区域重磁解释的南黄海及邻区地质结构构造

通过对南黄海及邻区已有高精度区域重磁资料整理,形成32°-38°N、118°-127°E的1/100万基础数据,结合已有钻井和地震剖面成果进行重磁综合反演与解释,给出了南黄海及邻区主要三级构造区划、断裂发育、古生界地层深度和厚度,以及主要盆地范围及次级凹陷分布,为南黄海前第三系油气前景评价提供了参考依据。     

广州地区深部断裂系统的重磁资料解释

对广州地区重磁资料系统处理后得到的图像进行解释和研究,认为广州地区深部存在近东西向、北西向、北东向三组断裂系统,其中近东西向断裂是深部主要断裂系统,深及30km以上;北东向广州-恩平断裂也是一组深大断裂,是该地区唯一的切割深度可达30 km以上的北东向断裂;NW向断裂相对较浅,切割深度在10 km左右,不超过20 km。     

基于重磁震资料的南海新生代盆地分布综合研究

作为西太平洋最大的边缘海,南海分布有30多个新生代沉积盆地,其蕴含着丰富的油气资源.但由于资料的限制,南海存在不同区域盆地研究程度不同,不同区域盆地面积差别较大,部分盆地只是坳陷而没有达到盆地的级别以及盆地外围可能存在凹陷等问题.南海新生代盆地分布问题制约了其油气分布规律、储量等基础地质问题的研究.本文以地震剖面数据为约束,以重力资料为主、辅以磁力资料,研究了南海新生代盆地分布及构造区划.通过提取新生代盆地及其构造单元引起的重力异常,结合地震剖面等资料反演了新生界底界面深度及新生界厚度.在充分调研已有盆地和构造单元划分方案的基础上,根据南海的地质及地球物理特征,确定了盆地及构造单元划分标准.以新生界厚度为基础并结合重、磁、震、地质等资料,进行地质-重磁震联合解释,将南海原有的36个盆地重新划分为24个盆地,盆地总面积扩大了约15万km2.研究表明,南海新生代盆地沉积层厚度在1.5~16 km之间,有6个北东东/北东向沉积坳陷带、2个近南北向沉积坳陷带以及1个三角沉积坳陷区;盆地展布方向主要为北东和北东东向,其次为北西和近南北向,呈现"南三北三"的分布特征.     

辽河盆地新生代多期构造热演化模拟

针对辽河盆地新生代拉张多期性的特点,提出一种适用于多期拉张盆地构造热演化模拟的纯剪切模型．该模型考虑了多期拉张的继承性、横向不均匀性以及拉张速率的可变性。通过几种拉张速率模式的对比,指出拉张速率模式的选择对模拟年轻盆地热演化过程具有重要意义．最后,利用该模型模拟研究了辽河盆地新生代的构造热演化历史．     

基于重磁资料研究贵州省深部构造特征

贵州省在大地构造位置上属于羌塘—扬子—华南板块下的扬子陆块,受不同构造旋回期的发展演化控制,早期地质构造被掩盖,而研究深部构造有利于构造单元划分、成矿作用等研究.本文利用区域重磁资料,结合其他地质资料,利用优选向上延拓分离不同尺度重磁异常,并对不同尺度重磁异常进行归一化总水平导数垂向导数处理,提取线性构造信息,分析区内主要断裂构造特征,进行定性分析;根据分离出的大尺度重磁异常反演研究区莫霍面、居里面起伏特征,莫霍面起伏介于34～46 km之间,总体上具有西高东低的特征;居里面深度介于22～28.5 km之间,西部以坳陷区为主,东部以隆起区为主,以区内两条深大断裂为界,深部构造具有南北分带、东西分块的特征,反映出贵州省上扬子地块与江南造山带两个三级构造分区的深部构造特征差异.     

辽河盆地新生代多期构造热演化模拟

针对辽河盆地新生代拉张多期性的特点,提出一种适用于多期拉张盆地构造热演化模拟的纯剪切模型．该模型考虑了多期拉张的继承性、横向不均匀性以及拉张速率的可变性。通过几种拉张速率模式的对比,指出拉张速率模式的选择对模拟年轻盆地热演化过程具有重要意义．最后,利用该模型模拟研究了辽河盆地新生代的构造热演化历史．     

重磁异常解释断裂构造的处理方法及图示技术

利用重磁异常解释断裂是地质构造研究的主要手段之一.重磁异常解释断裂通常是在等值线图或剖面平面图上进行的,而重磁异常在进行等值线网格化成图时会造成微弱信息丢失,这些原因造成重磁异常解释断裂的多解性.本文对重磁异常数据在化极、曲面延拓处理的基础上,采用水平梯度法提取延拓曲面上的重磁异常梯度带,之后对断裂带进行窄化处理,通过图示技术将重磁异常数据转换成灰度值,图像的灰度值以变密度显示,形成彩色的变密度图像,这样就提高了数据图像识别断裂的视觉效果.该方法应用在鄂尔多斯盆地不同层次(时间序列)的断裂研究中,提取和识别重磁异常特征所反映的断裂信息,效果较好.     

重磁研究对认识盆地的意义

重磁方法是地球物理研究中的重要分支。它们以位场理论为基础，具有水平方向上的高分辨能力并能够提供地壳部结构的信息，从而对于研究沉积盆地的形成演化过程起着经济而有效的作用。本文给出了笔者近年来在盆地研究中应用重磁研究所得到的一些结果和它们的分析解释。     

珠江三角洲地区重磁资料解释的深部断裂系统

采用中国地质大学(武汉)完成的海洋863项目"海洋深部地壳探测技术"专题"重磁地震综合反演的方法技术及软件系统"中的软件(包括10多种方法技术),对珠江三角洲地区重磁资料进行数据处理,有效成图重力71幅,航磁88幅,共129幅.     

THE INTERPRETATION OF GRAVITATIONAL AND MAGNETIC DATA FOR THE VOLCANIC ROCKS DISTRIBUTION IN KE-BAI FAULT ZONE,JUNGGAR BASIN

This paper firstly discusses the feasibility of delineating the volcanic rocks distribution by gravitational and magnetic methods on the basis of the statistical results of the magnetic susceptibility and density of the different lithologies in the study area. After the separation of gravitational and magnetic fields by bandpass filter, we determined the residual gravitational and magnetic anomalies caused by volcanic rocks. The results of potential field separation show that the residual anomalies are in beaded NE-directed distribution. In the meantime, the boundary enhancement techniques such as horizontal total gradient and vertical derivative are employed to delineate the distribution of the faults, as the result, fifteen faults including four NE-striking main faults which appear as an arc protruding to the southeast and other secondary faults are distinguished. Furthermore, two fault systems with deep and superficial attribution are revealed from the inversed section of the telluric electromagnetic sounding, and their properties, characteristics and roles in the volcanic activity are fully discussed by combining with the tectonic background. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the correlation between the distribution characteristics of the residual gravitational and magnetic anomalies and the location of the faults, three volcanic activity zones are reasonably delineated. Finally, we carry out the inversion of apparent density by taking advantage of the residual gravitational anomalies and acquire the apparent density anomalies of the top part of Paleozoic. Integrated with the apparent density anomalies, the lithologies exposed from the boreholes, the observed density data of different rocks and the residual gravitational-magnetic anomalies, we elaborately delineate the lithologies of the top of Paleozoic and further define the distribution range and the lithology combination of Kekesayi group of Middle Ordovician, Tailegula group of Lower Carboniferous and Jiamuhe group of Lower Permian.     

磁性层析成像──塔里木盆地（部分）地壳磁性结构反演

在磁源空间设计模型,建立模型磁化强度和磁场间的系数矩阵,研究磁性层析成像（ＭＣＴ）．模型和塔里木盆地（部分）磁场反演表明,磁性层析成像能够揭示岩石磁性的强弱,磁性体在三维空间中的位置和形态特征,展示不同深度的线性构造．     

磁性层析成像──塔里木盆地（部分）地壳磁性结构反演

在磁源空间设计模型，建立模型磁化强度和磁场间的系数矩阵，研究磁性层析成像（ＭＣＴ）．模型和塔里木盆地（部分）磁场反演表明，磁性层析成像能够揭示岩石磁性的强弱，磁性体在三维空间中的位置和形态特征，展示不同深度的线性构造．     

裂陷盆地成因研究现状综述与讨论

裂陷盆地成因是复杂多样的,本文把裂陷盆地概括为张拉裂陷,走滑裂陷和挤压裂陷三种成因类型,在系统综述每种类型的基础上,对主动裂谷盆地,被动裂谷盆地和走滑拉分盆地成因机制进行了讨论。     

神经网络技术在地震资料构造解释中的应用

将神经网络技术用于煤田地震勘探领域，对两个矿区的实际资料进行断层检测及煤层宏观结构的解释，提高了地震资料构造解释的水平和精度。     

对应分析约束下的重磁联合反演及其在塔里木盆地的应用

综合应用重磁对应分析和重磁联合反演的基础上提出对重磁联合反演的一种改进方法：约束联合反演，即利用重磁异常相关系数对联合反演中目标函数进行加权。实验结果表明，该方法有利于迭代反演的收敛性。把该方法应用于塔里木盆地东部库尔勒～若羌剖面，结果说明，以对应分析的结果作为先验认识，有助于合理地建立最优化反演的初始模型，能提高解释结果的质量     

格尔木－额济纳旗地学断面岩石图结构的磁场分析

在格尔木－额济纳旗地学断面的综合研究中，处理和解释了沿断面实测的高精度磁测剖面和大范围的航磁资料．所采用的处理方法有视磁化率填图、长波磁异常提取、方向滤波和航磁数字图像处理，并反演了地壳磁层的上、下界面深度．依据资料处理结果，对研究区内构造断裂的分布、不同地体和构造单元的划分与边界位置及岩浆活动性等都提出了新的认识．利用位场模拟方法，得出了代表格尔木－额济纳旗地学断面内地壳结构的磁模型．     

UPPER CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND CONSTRAINING FAULT INTERPRETATION FROM SHUNYI-TANGGU REFRACTION EXPERIMENT DATA

The urban active fault survey is of great significance to improve the development and utilization of urban underground space, the urban resilience, the regional seismic reference modeling, and the natural hazard prevention. The Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region with the densest population is one of the most developed and most important urban groups, located at the northeastern North China plain. There are several fault systems crossing and converging in this region, and most of the faults are buried. The tectonic setting of the faults is complex from shallow to deep. There are frequent historical earthquakes in this area, which results in higher earthquake risk and geological hazards. There are two seismicity active belts in this area. One is the NE directed earthquake belt located at the east part of the profile in northern Ninghai near the Tangshan earthquake region. The other is located in the Beijing plain in the northwest of the profile and near the southern end of Yanshan fold belt, where the 1679 M8.0 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake occurred, the largest historical earthquake of this area. Besides, there are some small earthquake activities related to the Xiadian Fault and the Cangdong Fault at the central part of the profile.
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey.     

川滇地区重力异常的小波分解与解释

利用小波变换方法对四川云南及周围地区的布格重力异常进行分解. 在计算中选用具有正交完备性并有较好对称性及较高消失矩的小波函数把重力异常分解为两部分. 用功率谱方法对分解后异常进行分析,可知其分别表示地壳内部和更深部的密度变化. 两部分异常显示出川滇地区深部与浅部的构造差异. 浅层重力异常的密度填图表明：① 四川盆地地壳密度较高,松潘——甘孜造山带密度较低;② 康滇菱形块体的密度是不均匀的;③ 康滇菱形块体的边界断裂具有不同的密度特征,显示出不同的构造性质. 深部重力异常的密度填图显示出与浅部相似而又不同的密度分布特征,表明川滇地区浅部与深部构造作用有所不同,两者之间可能是不完全解耦关系. 本文结果还表明,地震分布不仅受断裂构造控制,也与深部密度变化有关.     

准噶尔地区磁场解释及区域构造特征

根据准噶尔盆地及周围山区航空磁测结果,发现了5个沉积盖层厚度大于12km的拗陷,其中3个的盖层厚度可达18km,从而提高了盆地的油气远景评价。盆地内为隆拗相间的格局。 盆地内有一范围比盆地略小的以前寒武系为基底的稳定地块--准噶尔地块,它以断裂为边界。 盆地中部的北西西向长条状正异常,推断是由发育在下古生代裂陷槽中以基性为主的基性超基性杂岩体引起的。