休宁桃溪断裂破碎带构造解析及其区域控矿作用启示

位于休宁县-歙县整装勘查区北西缘的休宁桃溪构造破碎带,岩石破碎,矿化蚀变强烈。详细的构造研究从中解析出逆冲推覆、左行平移作用、正断层作用和右行平移作用等多起变形。带中花岗斑岩侵入及金多金属矿矿化与构造的关系研究表明,逆冲推覆构造为成矿前构造,北东向平移断层控制了区内岩浆岩的分布,以北东向为主的正断层是成矿期构造,而右行平移断层是成矿后构造。本构造破碎带的多期变形及其与成矿关系可以为休宁县-歙县整装勘查区的构造控矿作用提供勘查。     

夏塞银铅锌矿床控矿断裂构造及矿体定位机制

义敦岛弧中段夏塞地区发育多个由断裂破碎带控制的大、中型岩浆热液脉状多金属矿床,这些矿床具有极其相似的地质背景,形成于相同的断裂构造体系。本文选取夏塞银铅锌矿床进行控矿断裂特征调查、断裂构造序次和成矿应力场分析及矿体定位机制研究,以期为该地区热液矿床的下一步找矿工作提供理论依据。对该矿床成矿地质背景及控矿断裂构造的综合研究表明:(1)矿区NNW向控矿断裂具有多期活动且成矿阶段断裂性质为左行正断层;(2)矿体定位于德格-乡城断裂和德莱-定曲断裂(Ⅰ)的次级断裂(Ⅱ)所派生的NNW向更次级的结构面(Ⅲ)中;(3)矿区NNW向断裂控制着矿化局部富集空间、矿脉展布型式及矿体的产出。     

吉林省夹皮沟金矿区控矿构造研究

夹皮沟金矿受夹皮沟断裂的一系列次级脆性构造控制，按构造性质可划分为NW向、NE—NEE向、近SN向3种控矿构造类型。其中NW向构造显示左行剪切特征，NE—NEE向构造显示右行剪切特征，近SN向构造显示压性特征。经研究提出区内控矿断裂的形成与中生代敦化一密山断裂大规模左行平移有关；NE向敦化一密山断裂与次级平行分布的两江断裂左行平移，使早期形成的夹皮沟压性断裂显示左行压扭特征，诱导应力场派生出一系列NW向、NE—NEE向的剪切断裂，以及近SN向的压性断裂。这3组断裂成为本区员主要的容矿构造。     

广西北山铅锌矿区层间滑动作用与成矿的关系

广西北山铅锌矿区早期受层间滑动剪切作用形成层间断裂破碎带,在此基础上,发育形成岩溶构造,含矿溶液充填其内,形成层间矿体,该成矿时代可能为印支期。后期受到褶皱断裂破坏,矿体的分布具有左行等距离排布规律,相对标高相差100m～220m。这些成果对矿山以后找矿工作具有重要意义。     

贵州石阡-花桥断裂构造特征及其对地热资源的控制作用

石阡地区具有丰富的地热资源,在石阡-花桥断裂带及其次级构造中形成了一系列的温泉群。断裂构造对地热资源具有严格的控制作用。本文通过对石阡-花桥断裂带显微构造、运动学等构造地质特征和该地区地热特征,系统分析石阡-花桥断裂带构造特征及其对地热资源的控制作用。研究认为,石阡地区地热资源的主要热源为地温梯度增温,地热资源的分布严格受控于石阡-花桥断裂。石阡断裂为逆冲兼左行平移断层,为地热水的传导和储集提供了有利空间。花桥断裂带发育拉张裂隙、扭裂隙及分枝状断层,圈闭了含水岩系,在拉裂破碎带上形成热储。温泉大多沿主要控热、导热断裂出露,平面上呈线状分布于石阡和花桥断裂上盘及花桥断裂的断夹块中。     

西拉木伦河断裂在松辽盆地下部的延伸

西拉木伦河断裂作为华北板块与西伯利亚板块的最终缝合线,其西段的展布较为明确,但其东段尤其是在松辽盆地下部的延伸一直没有定论.本文通过对松辽盆地西部边界嫩江-八里罕断裂、中央断裂构造性质的研究,证实它们都具有左行走滑剪切的特征,据此初步提出了西拉木伦河断裂在松辽盆地下部被嫩江-八里罕断裂和中央断裂左行错移的认识.结合已报道的松辽盆地基底高精度锆石年龄数据,松辽盆地南部重力异常特征、MT剖面以及地壳和岩石圈厚度特征,认为西拉木伦河断裂在松辽盆地下部沿开鲁-通辽-科尔沁左翼中旗-长春-线展布.     

从郭扎错断裂构造特征探讨阿尔金断裂带西延问题

阿尔金断裂带在大陆动力学研究中具有十分重要的地位,但其西延过郭扎错后的走势存在争议。郭扎错断裂为北东东向的线性构造带,具多期活动性。笔者从宏观到微观详细论述了该断裂构造的几何学、运动学特征,并结合动力变质作用、沉积盆地、岩石地层分布及变形年代学等资料将其划分为韧性左行平移(J3-K1)、韧脆性正-平移(E1-N1)、韧脆性逆-平移(N2)和脆性左行滑落(Q)等4个阶段。综合分析地质调查资料、地球物理场资料及卫片影像特征,认为郭扎错断裂与阿尔金断裂带是在同一动力学系统中形成的具有相似运动学、动力学特征的相关线性构造,应属同一断裂系统。因此,阿尔金断裂带并非西止于拉竹龙,亦非由郭扎错北侧转向北西,而是经郭扎错继续向南西延伸,过龙木错、羌臣摩河后,由空喀山口进入克什米尔。     

红河-哀牢山断裂带——喜山期陆内大型左行走滑剪切带

红河-哀牢山断裂带,由两条主要的糜棱岩带及其所夹的变质岩块体组成,是一条左行走滑韧性剪切带。带内糜棱岩叶理产状多为较陡,拉伸线理近水平。大量的S-C构造、旋转眼球体、多米诺牌式构造和布丁构造,以及断裂带两侧的构造线牵引形态都指示左行剪切。剪切带应变机制复杂,剪切应变值变化较大,估算走滑位移量在200km以上。据地质和同位素年龄资料,推断走滑剪切运动发生在喜山期。     

安徽张八岭隆起区金矿床构造控矿规律

安徽张八岭隆起区内成矿期构造是郯庐断裂带长期性、多阶段活动的产物。以该区西张郢和瓦屋刘金矿床为研究对象,根据野外地质测量,共厘定出4种与成矿有关的断裂构造,分别为NWW向、近SN向(管店-下马断裂、宋圩-石店子断裂)、NW向和NNE向断裂构造。其中NWW向断裂与近SN向断裂(管店-下马断裂、宋圩-石店子断裂)规模较大,为郯庐左行走滑断裂带的派生构造,前者为右行扭压断裂,后者为左行扭张断裂;二者控制了矿床(点)的区域分布,是主要的导矿构造。NW向断裂主要分布于西张郢矿区,为NWW向断裂的次级断裂,成矿期受扭张性应力作用,使张八岭群片理构造发生活化,形成顺层滑动破碎带;NNE向断裂主要分布在瓦屋刘矿区,为近SN向断裂(管店-下马断裂、宋圩-石店子断裂)的次级断裂,成矿期在扭压性应力作用下形成挤压破碎带。NW向断裂及NNE向断裂均为成矿提供了有利空间,是张八岭隆起区内重要容矿构造,控制了矿体的空间展布、形态及产状,使矿体在平面上具有平行斜列,近等距性分布特征,垂向上具有南西向侧伏,尖灭再现、尖灭侧现规律。在对张八岭隆起区断裂构造特征分析的基础上,探讨了断裂构造对成矿的控制作用,总结了控矿规律,建立了张八岭隆起区构造控矿模式。     

澜沧江断裂带的新生代走滑运动学特点

通过对澜沧江断裂带北、中、南段新生代构造形迹的运动学解析,结合前人工作,论证了澜沧江断裂在新生代早期(古新世-中始新世末)、中期(晚始新世-渐新世末)、晚期(中新世-第四纪)的走滑运动序列为：中、南段,右行→左行→右行;北段,左行→左行→右行。研究表明,澜沧江断裂带早期主要表现为中、南段的右行逆冲和北段的左行逆冲,与同期发生的昌都-思茅地体颈缩事件相对应,其地球动力学背景与太平洋板块向西推挤作用以及扬子-华南板块与印度板块发生的强烈东西向碰撞挤压有关;中期,整个断裂发生左行逆冲,其地球动力学背景与南海盆地的扩张作用及其扬子-华南板块相对于印度板块北移所致的左行扭动相适应：晚期,整个断裂右行走滑,与太平洋构造域的南海盆地扩张终止,昌都思茅地体整体向南东逃逸相适应。     

Localization control for chlorite breccia deformation beneath Catalina detachment fault,Rincon Mountains,Tucson, Arizona

The structural location of an approximately 3-km stretch of the Catalina detachment fault zone appears to have been controlled by an ultramylonite shear zone within mylonites of the Catalina–Rincon metamorphic core complex. The Catalina detachment fault zone consists of the detachment fault surface, a 3–5 m interval of cataclasite and ultracataclasite, up to ∼50 m of chlorite breccia, and a discrete subdetachment fault. Beneath the subdetachment fault is a km-scale thickness of mylonites. Progressive ductile-to-brittle shear-zone evolution of the fault-rock stratigraphy started with mylonitization, was followed by overprinting of mylonites by chlorite brecciation, and culminated in the formation of the Catalina detachment fault and associated ultracataclasites. The detachment fault is cospatial with and subparallel to the zone of chlorite breccia. The subdetachment fault is subparallel to the interval of chlorite brecciation and to the detachment fault. The ‘plane’ of projection of the approximately 30-m thick ultramylonite shear zone within the mountain of mylonite, when followed downdip, coincides with the base of the ‘chlorite breccia’ brittle shear zone. Ultramylonite is preserved in places in the immediate lower plate of the subdetachment fault. The position and orientation of the subdetachment fault appears to have been controlled by an ultramylonite shear zone within the lower-plate mylonites. The rheological properties and orientation of this ultramylonite shear zone favored its reactivation as the brittle sole fault of the zone of chloritic brecciation.     

豫西东秦岭造山带低压变质带的变质变形和变质反应

豫西西峡北部低压变质带受到４次变形改造。低压变质作用主要发生在Ｄ１和Ｄ２变形间期，形成黑云母－红柱石、石榴石－红柱石、十字石－红柱石和堇青石－红柱石４个递增变质带。由矿物变质反应识别出堇青石－红柱石带ｐ－Ｔ趋势具有减压增温特点，这一演化特征可能反映变质作用具有地壳拉张的地球动力学特点。     

四川石棉草科穹状岩浆核杂岩构造特征

位于扬子陆块西缘的石棉草科穹状变形变质体,据近年来的研究表明,该穹隆体经历了三次变形变质时期：早期为收缩滑脱变形的区域动力变质、中期热隆伸展动热变质和后期岩浆热接触变质。对主期变质划分出黑云母带、石榴石带、红柱石－十字石带和矽线石带,确定为低压相系,利用变质反应、矿物地质温压计及相关的同位素年龄资料,建立了草科穹状变形变质体演化的ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ－Ｄ轨迹。轨迹图呈顺时针形式,具碰撞造山带环境的特点,变形变质过程受变质体前缘西油房韧性剪切带逆冲－推覆作用和后缘碰撞晚期岩浆大规模上侵的双重制约,为深源岩浆热动力变质成因,属穹状岩浆核杂岩构造。     

Geochemical alteration halos around the Mount Morgan gold-copper deposit, Queensland, Australia

The Mount Morgan Au-Cu pyritic massive sulphide deposit occurs in a north-trending belt of Middle Paleozoic volcanic rocks located in south-central Queensland. The host rocks for the deposit are a normal sequence of rhyolitic tuff that have a north-northwest regional strike and easterly dips of 20° to 30°. The tuff contains thin units of chert, jasperoid and carbonate.The Mount Morgan deposit was represented by a zone of sulphide mineralization 600 m long, 100–200 m wide and 300 m deep that transects stratigraphy and can be divided into: (1) an oxidized zone, characterized by a hematitic, Au-enriched gossan with minor stratiform sphalerite-argillite; and (2) a primary zone which can be subdivided into an upper zone of greater than 50% sulphide minerals (Main Pipe orebody), and a lower siliceous stockwork zone with approximately 20% sulphide minerals (Sugarloaf orebody). Pyrite is the most abundant sulphide mineral in both the upper and lower primary zones with lesser pyrrhotite and accessory chalcopyrite, sphalerite and gold. A zone of silicification forms an envelope around the orebody and extends stratigraphically downwards in a pipe-like zone for greater than 750 m. The orebody contained 67 Mt of 4.87 g/t Au and 0.70% Cu.The distribution and variation of between 7 and 29 elements and specific conductance were examined in 1252 samples of the host rocks taken from diamond drill core and surface outcrop. The host rocks in the immediate vicinity of the deposit are marked by the development of three distinct but overlapping chemical and mineralogical zones representing an outward progression from the most intensive to a less intensive alteration. A 50-m-thick siliceous inner zone of intensely altered rocks, depleted in all investigated elements except Si, surrounds the orebody. This zone passes outward into a 100-m-thick middle zone of dominantly sericite-pyrite characterized by high concentrations of K, Fe, Cu and Co. The sericite-pyrite zone, in turn, passes into an outer 100-m-thick chlorite zone with high Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn concentrations. High concentrations of H₂O⁺ are associated with the sericite-pyrite zone and the chlorite zone. The alteration pipe underlying the Mount Morgan orebody is characterized by depletions in Na, Ca and K and enrichments in Fe and Mg. A non-economic pyrite body contained within the alteration pipe has spatially restricted enrichment halos of Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu and Co.     

Structure and Fluid Transportation Performance of Faults in the Changxing-Feixianguan Formation,Xuanhan County,Northeastern Sichuan Basin

On the basis of field observations, microscopic thin-sections and laboratory data analysis of ten faults in Xuanhan County area, northeastern Sichuan Basin, central China, the internal and megascopic structures and tectonite development characteristics are mainly controlled by the geomechanical quality in brittle formation of the Changxing-Feixianguan Formation. The fluid transportation performance difference between the faults formed by different geomechanics or different structural parts of the same fault are controlled by the mcgascopic structure and tectonite development characteristics. For instance, the extension fault structure consists of a tectonite breccia zone and an extension fracture zone. Good fluid transportation performance zones are the extension fracture zone adjacent to the tectonite breccia zone and the breccia zone formed at the early evolutionary stage. The typical compression fault structure consists of a boulder-clay zone or zones of grinding gravel rock, compression foliation, tectonite lens, and dense fracture development. The dense fracture development zone is the best fluid transporting area at a certain scale of the compression fault, and then the lens, grinding gravel rock zone and compression foliation zones are the worst areas for hydrocarbon migration. The typical tensor-shear fault with a certain scale can be divided into boulder-clay or grinding gravel rock zones of the fault, as well as a pinnate fractures zone and a derivative fractures zone. The grinding gravel rock zone is the worst one for fluid transportation. Because of the fracture mesh connectivity and better penetration ability, the pinnate fractures zone provides the dominant pathway for hydrocarbon vertical migration along the tensor-shear fault.     

新疆准北地区铜矿床主要类型控矿条件及找矿前景分析

准北地区铜矿床已发现有岩浆熔离铜镍硫化物型，海相火山岩型，隐爆角砾岩型和陆相火山岩型，那林卡拉－喀拉通克铜镍矿带受控于海沟岛弧盆地内基性岩带的控制，岩浆分异程度对铜矿形成具有明显的控制作用，海相火山岩铜矿受火山机构制约，常产出于海底火山喷发中心及附近洼地，将准北地区划分冲乎尔－麦兹铜多金属，阿舍勒铜锌，额尔齐斯铜（镍）金－萨吾尔－加波萨尔铜（钼）和谢米斯台－阿尔曼台－北塔山铜等五个具找矿前景的成矿     

Growth, linkage, and termination processes of a 10-km-long strike-slip fault in jointed granite: the Gemini fault zone, Sierra Nevada, California

Field-based structural analysis of an exhumed, 10-km-long strike-slip fault zone elucidates processes of growth, linkage, and termination along moderately sized strike-slip fault zones in granitic rocks. The Gemini fault zone is a 9.3-km-long, left-lateral fault system that was active at depths of 8–11 km within the transpressive Late-Cretaceous Sierran magmatic arc. The fault zone cuts four granitic plutons and is composed of three steeply dipping northeast- and southwest-striking noncoplanar segments that nucleated and grew along preexisting cooling joints. The fault core is bounded by subparallel fault planes that separate highly fractured epidote-, chlorite-, and quartz-breccias from undeformed protolith. The slip profile along the Gemini fault zone shows that the fault zone consists of three 2–3-km-long segments separated by two ‘zones’ of local slip minima. Slip is highest (131 m) on the western third of the fault zone and tapers to zero at the eastern termination. Slip vectors plunge shallowly west-southwest and show significant variability along strike and across segment boundaries. Four types of microstructures reflect compositional changes in protolith along strike and show that deformation was concentrated on narrow slip surfaces at, or below, greenschist facies conditions. Taken together, we interpret the fault zone to be a segmented, linked fault zone in which geometrical complexities of the faults and compositional variations of protolith and fault rock resulted in nonuniform slip orientations, complex fault-segment interactions, and asymmetric slip-distance profiles.     

初论云南易门地区凤山铜矿床刺穿构造岩-岩相分带模式

以云南易门式凤山铜矿床为例,应用刺穿构造岩-岩相学填图方法,解剖了控矿刺穿体的识别标志、物质组成、类型、内部结构、构造岩分带等特征。通过控矿刺穿体与非控矿刺穿体的对比研究,建立了控矿刺穿体的构造岩-岩相分带模式：从构造刺穿体→灰白色硅化白云岩→青灰色白云岩,依次出现刺穿体岩相带和构造蚀变岩相带,即火山角砾岩相带→含火山岩、板岩角砾岩相带→强铜矿化灰白色硅化白云质碎裂岩相带→铜矿化碎裂白云岩相带→弱硅化白云岩相带。其中强铜矿化硅化白云质碎裂岩相带、铜矿化硅化碎裂白云岩相带是矿体的主要赋存部位。金属硫化物矿物组合与矿石构造亦呈现水平分带规律：黄铜矿+斑铜矿(少)组合,块状、网脉状构造→黄铜矿+斑铜矿+辉铜矿(少)组合,稠密浸染状、脉状构造→黄铜矿+黄铁矿+斑铜矿(少)组合,细脉状、稀疏浸染状、星点状构造。     

冀东太古宙高级变质区构造演化

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