恢复力—摩擦基底隔震结构的地震可靠性分析

本文建立了恢复力-摩擦基底隔震结构在地震作用下的运动微分方程。地震地面运动被模拟成随机过程。利用等效线性化方法,获得了这种基底隔震结构在地震作用下的均方位移和均方速度反应。根据最大位侈反应的概率分布函数,求得了这种基底隔震结构和与它相应的基底固定结构在给定地震作用下的破坏概率。计算结果表明,这种基底隔震结构在地震作用下有较高的可靠性。     

多层偏心结构非线性地震反应分析

本文利用层单元模型，建立了基于层剪力-扭矩等效屈服EYST面概念的求解多层偏心结构体系双水平向地震动作用下平扭耦联非线性地震反应的简化算法，并讨论了控制偏心结构非线性扭转反应的相关结构参数；通过数值分析，初步验证了该简化方法的实用性和可靠性。     

基底摇摆运动作用下伸臂结构的地震内力上界

本文推演出基底摇摆运动作用下刚度任意分布的伸臂结构的上界地震剪力和弯矩计算公式。     

城市立交桥结构三维地震反应

本文建立了城市立交桥结构地震破坏过程的分析模型，考虑了柱墩、梁、支座的单元模式，推导并建立了行波法输入下结构动力平衡方程，进而研究了地震多点输入下立义桥结构的地震反应问题，建立了立交桥结构的破坏准则，分别对几种方式地震输入下城市立交桥结构的地震反应瓿进行了具体研究。从而为人们对实际立交桥结构在地震作用下的破坏过程有了更科学的认识；在对桥梁结构进行地震反应分析时，不应该忽略地震对它的多方面的影响。     

挡水坝地震力上限的理论解

基于积函数极值法,确定了刚度分布未知的挡水坝的地震剪力和地震弯矩上限。计算表明,西方的理论解与文献「１」,「２」的数值计算结果是一致的。     

基础隔震高层建筑地震响应的理论分析

本文对某高层隔震框架－剪力墙结构的三维地震响应进行了有限元分析计算，对比了隔震结构及其相应非隔震结构的动力特性，给出了在多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下结构的最大层间剪力，层间位移等，得到一些有意义的结论。     

模型化方法对钢筋混凝土框架地震反应的影响分析

结构非线性动力分析平台OpenSees具备丰富的材料、单元、模型化方法等分析选项和强大的求解功能。在OpenSees平台,对按我国规范设计的八度区二级和九度区一级典型钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了一系列罕遇烈度地震作用下的非线性动力反应分析。通过对分析结果的对比、判断,并结合各种模型化方法对结构地震反应的影响方式进行解释,从顶点侧移、层间侧移角、基底剪力、框架塑性铰分布等方面揭示了不同单元力学模型以及箍筋、板筋对结构整体、局部地震反应的影响规律。     

极值理论在工程地震中的应用

目前,工程结构抗震设计已经发展到以极限状态概率为安全标准的概率设计阶段。极值统计方法所得结果可以提供工程结构抗震设计参数。本文用极值统计分析方法研究了工程场地历史地震影响烈度的分布特征,探讨了利用历史地震影响评价工程场地地震危险性的可能性。结果表明,在历史地震资料比较丰富的地区,可以采用极值统计分析方法,从工程场地影响烈度时间序列中取得抗震设计的依据。在具体分析中,宜采用陈培善改进后的极值分布函数(Gc)和=(l——0.44)/(n+0.12)数据点拟合方式。      

城市独柱墩桥梁结构体系非线性抗震研究

针对城市桥梁采用的独柱墩连续梁桥具有的缺点,提出了采用两跨T形刚构桥梁的结构形式。利用非线性时程分析方法,考虑钢筋混凝土桥墩材料的非线性,对两种桥梁结构在纵向地震动作用下的非线性地震反应行为进行了分析,得到了两种桥梁结构桥墩的弯矩、剪力、位移以及塑性铰转角时程。结果表明,在同一地震动作用下,T形刚构桥墩所受弯矩小于连续梁,所受剪力大于连续梁,桥墩塑性铰的转角远小于连续梁。因此,在同等损伤程度和保证桥墩抗剪能力的情况下,T形刚构比连续梁能够承受更强的地震。     

偏心结构非线性地震反应分析的一种简化方法

本文建立了基于结构状态方程和偏心结构体系的层剪力-扭矩等效屈服EYST面概念的求解平扭耦联非线性地震反应的分离-予估-修正递推算法，编制了相应的计算程序。通过与三个单层偏心结构模型的破坏性地震模拟试验结果的对比，验证了小变形阶段平-扭耦联地震反应算法的实用性和可靠性。算例表明，该程序数据处理量小，运算快捷，便于应用。     

Performance-based earthquake assessment of bridge systems including ground-foundation interaction

Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) assessment studies on highway bridges can only address post-earthquake repair fully when considering the response of the bridge-foundation-ground and the consequences of damage and repair to all system components. In this paper, nonlinear time history analysis of coupled bridge-foundation-ground systems is coupled with a PBEE framework to investigate a typical highway overpass bridge founded on different soil profiles. The prototype bridges are typical reinforced concrete highway overpass bridges with single-column bents founded on four sites of varying stiffness and strength profiles ranging from rigid rock to weak upper soil strata. Probabilistic repair cost and time response quantities are used to contrast performance of the four scenarios. Intensity-dependent repairs, repair hazard curves, and repairs disaggregated by performance groups indicate contributions to system repair for each scenario. A sensitivity study is presented that demonstrates the most important parameters to be the damage state and repair quantities related to the foundations and abutments.     

Real‐time force control for servo‐hydraulic actuator systems using adaptive time series compensator and compliance springs

Servo‐hydraulic actuators have been widely used for experimental studies in engineering. They can be controlled in either displacement or force control mode depending on the purpose of a test. It is necessary to control the actuators in real time when the rate‐dependency effect of a test specimen needs to be accounted for under dynamic loads. Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) and effective force testing (EFT) method, which can consider the rate‐dependency effect, have been known as viable alternatives to the shake table testing method. Due to the lack of knowledge in real‐time force control, however, the structures that can be tested with RTHS and EFT are fairly limited. For instance, satisfying the force boundary condition for axially stiff members is a challenging task in RTHS, while EFT has a difficulty to be implemented for nonlinear structures. In order to resolve these issues, this paper introduces new real‐time force control methods utilizing the adaptive time series (ATS) compensator and compliance springs. Unlike existing methods, the proposed force control methods do not require the structural modeling of a test structure, making it easy to be implemented especially for nonlinear structures. The force tracking performance of the proposed methods is evaluated for a small‐scale steel mass block system with a magneto‐rheological damper subjected to various target forces. Accuracy, time delay, and resonance response of these methods are discussed along with their force control performance for an axially stiff member. Overall, a satisfactory force tracking performance was observed by using the proposed force control methods.     

地裂缝活动作用下城市立交桥地震易损性分析

城市立交桥等线型结构无法彻底避免地裂缝活动的影响.基于地裂缝场地上盘对地震动的放大效应,考虑地裂缝与桥梁结构的交角,得到结构非线性动力时程分析时的非一致地震动输入的上盘放大系数.地裂缝两侧的沉降差使得连续桥内力显著变化,导致桥墩的轴力增大且在地震作用下桥墩顶部的水平力增大.针对西安地裂缝场地与地裂缝活动特征,以三跨城市...     

A comparison between mesospheric wind measurements made near Christchurch (44°S, 173°E) using the high resolution doppler imager (HRDI) and a medium frequency (MF) radar

We report on the comparison of winds measured by a medium frequency (MF) radar near Christchurch, New Zealand, and by the high resolution doppler imager (HRDI). Previous comparisons have demonstrated that there can be significant differences in the winds obtained by the two techniques, and our results are no different. However, these data show relatively good agreement in the meridional direction, but large differences in the zonal direction, where the radar is regularly measuring the zonal wind as too easterly. To do the comparison, overpasses from the satellite must be obtained when it is close to the radar site. The radar data are averaged in time around the overpass because we know the radars sample phenomena which have spatial and temporal scales which make them invisible to HRDI. There are a limited number of overpass comparisons which limit our confidence in these results, but a detailed analysis of these data show that the proximity of the overpass is often an important factor in the differences obtained. Other factors examined include the influence of the local time of the overpass, and the amount of radar data averaged around the overpass time.     

几种push-over分析方法对比研究

Push-over方法是一种静力非线性计算方法，是近年来在国内外得到广泛研究应用的用于评价结构抗震能力的新方法。采用这种方法计算结构的弹塑性地震反应将会逐渐为广大的工程设计人员所接受，但目前对于这种用静力的方法去预测结构的动力反应，其可靠性如何一直是许多学者所关注的，而且对于现有的几种方法的优劣也没有给出综合的评价。本文在国内外有关理论和方法的基础上，对几种push-over分析方法进行了简要评述，并通过分析计算对其中有代表性的能力谱方法、位移影响系数法和适应谱push-over方法进行了详细的对比研究。指出了其中存在的问题，试图寻找并推荐一种比较好的方法。结果能够实现这一目标，对于push-over方法的发展将会有一定的推动作用。     

A two‐step direct method for estimating the seismic response of nonlinear structures equipped with nonlinear viscous dampers

The insertion of fluid viscous dampers in building structures is an innovative technology that can improve significantly the seismic response. These devices could be very useful also in the retrofit of existing buildings. The effect of this typology of damping system is usually identified with an equivalent supplemental damping ratio, which depends on the maximum displacement of the structure, so that iterative procedures are required. In this paper, a simplified direct assessment method for nonlinear structures equipped with nonlinear fluid viscous dampers is proposed. The method proposed in this study is composed by two steps. The first one yields the direct estimate of the supplemental damping ratio provided by nonlinear viscous dampers in presence of a linear elastic structural response. The second step extends the procedure to structures with nonlinear behavior. Both graphical and analytical approaches have been developed. The proposed method has then been verified through several applications and comparisons with nonlinear dynamic analyses. Moreover, an investigation has been performed with regard to the influence of the relations that define the damping reduction factor and the hysteretic damping. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A semi-analytical approach to a nonlinear stress–strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active faults

In the present paper a semi-analytical methodology for a nonlinear stress–strain analysis of buried steel pipelines at active fault crossings is presented and verified. The developed model introduces a number of critical refinements to the existing methodologies which extend the application area of analytical models in pipeline design. In particular, a strike-slip and normal-slip fault crossings can be analyzed taking into account material and large displacement nonlinearities, nonlinear pipe–soil interaction. The proposed model is verified against the results by other authors and numerical results, obtained with the finite element method.     

New preconditioning strategy for Jacobian-free solvers for variably saturated flows with Richards’ equation

We develop a new approach for solving the nonlinear Richards’ equation arising in variably saturated flow modeling. The growing complexity of geometric models for simulation of subsurface flows leads to the necessity of using unstructured meshes and advanced discretization methods. Typically, a numerical solution is obtained by first discretizing PDEs and then solving the resulting system of nonlinear discrete equations with a Newton-Raphson-type method. Efficiency and robustness of the existing solvers rely on many factors, including an empiric quality control of intermediate iterates, complexity of the employed discretization method and a customized preconditioner. We propose and analyze a new preconditioning strategy that is based on a stable discretization of the continuum Jacobian. We will show with numerical experiments for challenging problems in subsurface hydrology that this new preconditioner improves convergence of the existing Jacobian-free solvers 3-20 times. We also show that the Picard method with this preconditioner becomes a more efficient nonlinear solver than a few widely used Jacobian-free solvers.     

高层建筑结构风振力上限识别

将积函数极值法应用于高层建筑结构风振力上限识别,在体系刚度分布未知的情况下,利用风振反应上限值可以进行初步设计或抗风验算。