基于小波分析和神经网络的框架结构损伤诊断方法

本文提出了基于“能量—损伤”原理，综合利用小波包分析和神经网络的框架结构损伤诊断方法。在结构损伤诊断中，时域信号经小波分析后其缺损特征会更加明显，把分布在不同频带的结点能量作为神经网络的训练样本能够很好地反映结构缺损特征。以美国土木工程师学会提出的基准结构为例，阐述了结构损伤的发生、位置和程度诊断过程，取得了令人满意的结果。     

高耸塔架结构节点损伤基于神经网络的两步诊断法

本文针对高耸钢塔架结构的损伤特点，建立了具有节点损伤的有限元模型，提出了一种分层神经网络两步诊断法：第一步，由基于区域残余力理论的第一层神经网络进行结构损伤区域的初诊；第二步，由基于应变模态理论的第二层神经网络进行损伤区域内的具体损伤节点位置和程度的诊断。对一平面塔架结构的数值仿真分析表明：本文提出的损伤诊断方法的结果是令人满意的。     

应用人工神经网络技术的大型斜拉桥子结构损伤识别研究

本文应用人工神经网络技术对大型斜拉桥结构进行了子结构损伤识别研究。文中首先介绍了子结构损伤识别的基本方法，然后应用自组织竞争神经网络建立了对于大型桥梁结构识别子结构损伤情况的子结构损伤识别方法，并且应用BP网络进一步建立了大型桥梁结构各子结构内部的损伤位置和损伤程度的识别方法，数值模拟了一大跨度斜拉桥子结构损伤以及子结构内部损伤的识别过程，最后得出结论：(1)基于自组织竞争网络的子结构损伤识别方法能迅速准确地识别大型结构的损伤情况；(2)基于BP网络所建立的结构损伤识别方法，能对子结构中结构损伤的位置和程度进行进一步的识别；(3)基于人工神经网络技术的结构损伤识别方法是大型土木工程结构损伤识别的有效方法，可在工程结构损伤识别中广泛应用。     

人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断中的应用

本文对人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断中的应用原理进行阐述,文中回顾了人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断领域中应用的发展历程,总结了国内外的主要研究成果,提出了目前尚未解决的难点,最终对应用人工神经网络技术进行结构损伤诊断研究的方向进行了展望。     

土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评

阐述了土木工程结构的安全性评估、健康监测及损伤诊断的必要性和迫切性，系统论述了结构健康监测和诊断的概念、理论和方法，重点讨论了传感器的优化布置、损伤识别等健康监测中的关键问题，介绍了光纤等新型传感器的应用情况，最后指出了值得进一步研究的问题。     

基于峰值位移均值识别非线性结构的损伤

目前对结构进行损伤识别的方法大多基于结构振动信号的变化而进行，不同振动信号在不同环境下的损伤识别能力各不相同。为验证振动信号在随机环境下的的识别效果，以随机振动理论为基础，针对非线性结构的损伤识别问题，提出了利用结构峰值位移均值进行损伤识别的新方法。该方法不需要结构损伤前的模态参数。通过对两种不同类型非线性结构的数值模拟分析，对该方法进行了验证。结果表明，该方法能够有效识别结构的单处损伤、多处损伤以及损伤程度，充分显示了该指标检测损伤的准确性和敏感性。     

基于BP神经网络的网格结构损伤识别与试验研究

针对网格结构中杆件数量众多,但节点数总是远远小于杆件数的特点,损伤识别中采用了基于BP神经网络技术和面向节点的损伤初步定位方法的网格结构损伤识别的三步法。对双层柱面网壳结构模型在不同杆件去掉时的四种损伤情况下的振动特性进行了实测,并以实测低阶模态的频率变化率和少数测点的振型分量作为神经网络输入参数,对模型的各种损伤情况进行了识别。结果表明,所用的方法可以精简神经网络的结构,并提高其模式识别的能力。该方法可用于对大型复杂结构的损伤识别。     

地震后有损伤结构的耗能减震加固设计

本文利用国内外结构被动控制研究的最新成果，针对震后有损伤结构提出了一种新的抗震修复策略，即采用耗能减震装置进行结构的抗震修复和加固，并在文献［１］所提震后有损伤结构恢复力骨架曲线建立方法的基础上，通过研究修复前、后结构恢复力的变化，给出了震后有损伤结构抗震加固设计的具体步骤。     

基于应变模态的钢结构构件焊缝损伤定位方法的研究

本文探讨了用应变模态对钢结构焊缝损伤进行识别与定位的方法。应变模态对结构局部损作斩反应敏感，是对结构进行微小损伤诊断的较理想的损伤识别指标。文中以一简支工字型梁为研究对象，分别采用基于应变模态差的三种定位准则和神经网络方法，对其进行了单处和两处焊缝损伤定位的研究。结果表明，基于应变模态差的定位准则对于这两种情况的损伤都具有较高的定位识别率，但不能区别出单处和两处损伤；而采用神经网络方法不仅可以区别出单处和两处损伤，而且训练好的网络对受噪声污染的测试样本也具有较好的识别效果。     

多层及高层框架结构地震损伤诊断的神经网络方法

本文提出了强震后多层及高层框架结构地震损伤诊断的神经网络方法。文中在提出有结点损伤的梁柱有限元刚度矩阵的基础上，建立了有结点损伤框架结构的有限元模型。通过完好结构和有损伤结构的有限元分析，获取二者应变模态差值作为损伤标识量，并输入径向基（RBF）神经网络进行训练，得到了框架结构结点损伤诊断的神经网络系统。数值仿真分析结果表明，此神经网络可以对多层及高层框架结构结点各种程度的损伤做出成功诊断。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.